Number of way through his 16 year prison sentence Mark phenols is a criminal barrister it seems to me that the real problem is that nobody sought to address attitudes while he was in prison and the current system we have around simulation is not providing people with the kind of support or security to the rest of us that reduces the risk of this kind of thing happening to people who've been arrested after a bomb was discovered in County. Police say the device found in a park in time Gregory was viable the bodies of all 39 people who were found in the back of a refrigerated lower your message subpoena returned to Vietnam some families are believed to are taking out loans to pay for the return of their relatives Public Health England says cases of norovirus are higher than usual for this time of the year there's been an 11 percent increase in reports of the stomach bug between June to November compared to previous years in order to camp has tonight claims by the president of Brazil that he gave money to set the Amazon rain forest on fire. Both Serai gave no evidence for this but had previously blamed non-governmental organizations for starting fires to protest against his policies the camp has pledged millions for the Hammers and that's the new stump speech here the sport like it's lunchtime and Hamilton and England should be enjoying that as after a successful morning the very latest from out a math 14242 Joe Root has a half century he's on 50 Rory burns me down to 72 this padding 103 runs this morning for no loss just one main alarm show route was given out of 47 off make sure he reviewed it straight away and replay suggested the ball had taken the pads rather than the bat and then one for cheap for 2 with a trapeze event by $233.00 Gary Southgate has described England versus Croatia at Euro 2020 as an attractive fixture for everybody and are in group day with them as well as the check. They can Scotland should they get through the playoffs whiles are in group by along with Italy Switzerland and Turkey and northern Ireland also have to negotiate the playoffs if they make it they're in group b. With Spain Poland and Sweden Liverpool at 11 points clear at the top of the Premier League thanks to a $21.00 win over Brighton Pep Guardiola as Manchester City lost ground they had a $22.00 draw at Newcastle and Spurs had another victory on a Marine aoa 32 win against Bournemouth Wednesday for West Ham Crystal Palace and Southampton Aberdeen one to one against Mirren in the Scottish Premiership Wales defeated the barbarians 4333 and in the Premiership x. To be WASPs North had been defeated Leicester and was the winners out of a sale final Lewis Hamilton starts the Abu Dhabi grown Priefer pole position later added Valtteri Bottas son Max for Stepan available now b.c. Sounds and gets. A I'm an Adonis I talk to the people in power and I aim to get answers from them on the issues and questions the masses he saw I was not so hard to say from the beginning you give me the details was a question straight you have a conflict because I do think it is a fact statement fly when she commits to it because sorry i'm boring and get. B.b.c. Sounds next stop all hail Kyle this week her ward winning journalist Tim Samuels looks at cycling depression and anxiety for the guts Plus how to keep your own glasses happy as possible if you want to hear more from the series we have another episode in home from our own and the whole series is available to download now on b.b.c. Sounds. B.b.c. Sounds music radio podcasts. This is the story of a sad mouse under Schumann who wanted to be happier. At the secrets of trillions of tiny tiny organisms who shape our lives our bodies own. My name's in ways we just beginning to understand. From the b.b.c. This is all. A descending yet nothing the cool things wellness with teams hands. On. No Mouse wants to hear. The human in this story maybe me it might be you will call him Tim we find him lined on his couch bingeing on the latest episode of not. He keeps missing bits of the dialogue as he's distracted by an English what's not chopped with a female human. In Canada we mindfulness meditation acupuncture yoga happy pills vitamin pills. Pills psychotherapy cranial psychotherapy. He recalls happiness guru Gretchen Rubin telling him small. Can make a big difference even if you're British. Think about gratitude on my screen saver of my phone I have a picture of that kind of like fills me with happiness then the great thing about gratitude is 1st of all it reminds us of everything that we have in our life that we're taking for granted which is very easy to do with. Electricity or whatever and also gratitude tends to drive out negative emotions if you think well why would I be grateful when my in-laws really supported us in the early days or their great grandparents or I have you know my sweetheart is a product of them has whatever I think of them now that's how I found my sweetheart the good deeds we do for other people than even the nice and considerate things that people do to help us I think it's when people know they're like Oh it's nice of you to hold the door open for me because you can see that I have my arms all this could be things like setting people up on a date or making a business connection for people or they definitely do make you happier. Thinks he should feel a sense of gratitude being part of a long glowing 200 generations of mice cycle in themselves for medicines they've had too much choice as usual centric tales and keep to the shadows still wide for a sweeping or a probably although he's never known anything but a cage and unlike. Cedric the thing about steps at the top of the connects in his bedroom to the lounge minutes passed before he manages to scamper down one pool for what. The family. Back in London and a professor. King's College is no longer. Question has been puzzling to. How can I dental twins be so different. The other thin one happy the other doesn't make sense they have exactly the same genes. The brutalist 1970 s. Building has no past from which to leap but Professor Spector is having his you break your moments the differences between the twins is down. One of the biggest factors that came across was that microbes were different that is the thing that got me into this particular area of it as the attention for having such a big effect that could come from something that wasn't genetic which meant also that we we had the power to change it and that for me was a major moment in my career you know maybe that these microbes which really essentially a newly discovered organ. Far away the human is wondering whether or not to send a hey just checking my email e-mail program commissioner and knowing she right that makes him feel a small was a mouse he could instead be celebrating that we now know there's a new organ in our party's brain heart lungs liver meets the micro biome a collective of 100 trillion microorganisms in the guts to kilograms of bacteria viruses and funky whole of the world that keeps us going so we couldn't live without these microbes and when you deprive animals of them they lose weight very fast the 1st thing they do is that digesting off we have about 20. Enzymes and these guys have thousands tens of thousands of ways of breaking down the food into all the nutrients so we just wouldn't get new chips would get counter is for food if we didn't have these guys but they all. Converse a lot of we get things like Polly phenols which we know healthy for us used to be called antioxidants and every plant has these chemicals which are defense mechanism and we can't actually use this stuff to talk but the microbes use it it's like rocket fuel for them so when we bury Brazil nuts or seeds or coffee or dark chocolate or all it's all already warm we're getting this amazing range of chemicals which are microbes convert it to other nutrients which then make sure the cells not war abuse of well fed and that keeps our music system in tip top condition. Cedric the sad mouse isn't thinking about his benevolence bacteria he's getting over climbing the steps to reach his lunchtime pellets would he kill for a piece of cheese with a nibble of be too much to ask for the color of brie for his bucket lest his cheese dreams suddenly interrupted. Swoops and drops a trick in another cage and then picks up some of such tricks droppings. It's not just his poop syringe full. What happens next is still too difficult to shameful for Cedric to talk about but as the syringe answers the mouse's mouth a professor of gastroenterology. Could be heard describing what was happening in the McMaster University lab in Ontario so this is actually thinking the stool samples from. And. Through the needle into their stomachs and if you wait. 2 to 3 weeks the microbes. Recipient and then you can study their behavior words that no mouse wants to hear be called microbial transplant wasn't earth was this mad scientist playing out talking about changing Cedric's behavior even his personality by messing around with. And with that Cedric can remember. Back to. Miserable month with no he's. The morning started as it always did for Hank he washed his whiskers had a quick walk out on the whale then pounded down the steps Hank was a happy mouse a Swiss mouse who never got involved in another mouse this conflict nothing faced him so when the rubber glove picked up some of Hanks' droppings he nonchalantly assumed even his poop merited research when the glove plucked him out he was braced for adventure not for what happens next. But human was feeling drowsy after lunch had not heard an email back from the email chasing the other email and when it seemed on Facebook an ex was engaged it tipped him into the self loathing of a cheese toastie made with white bread not even white sourdough with lashings of lactose. And a bleached flower assault he sensed trillions of microbes turn distinctly less friendly. Whilst he clicked around sites going on about the guts minds length about 90 percent of the bodies feel good chemical serotonin being based in the guts and the vegas nerve being a major highway running directly between the brain and guts knots this is dodgy mood was lifted by California nutritionists in tight t. Shirts. Why do I get so excited about this proves literally proves that if you're not taking care of your gut and you're not taking the right measures to improve your got help but you are not going to ever change fermentation nests in terribly tidy kitchens depression anxiety and negative emotions in general can be a sign that your body is missing the nutrients and the right mix of beneficial or even doctors with supplements to sell one of things that are very important for you to get your right so your brain can be right when the syringe Hank the happy smiles could only route his family's lack of fighting experience. Fecal microbial transplantation was afoot the poop from sad Cedric was being put into hunks stomach and such or it was being given Hanks dropping bacteria transferred into each other's guts Professor Prem Silber church would be monitoring both mice so the hypothesis you're studying. Whether taking the the got spiked from the. Mouse. Through its stool sample putting it into the shiny mouse whether the fact the behavior of the previously reserved mouse are some of the are right. And Hank could take comforts that the same principle is already being used on humans. Across the scent Thomas' campus where Professor Spector had made his twins' breakthrough Dr Simon Goldenberg is poised with human poop for vulnerable patients with a c. Difficile infection that won't respond to antibiotics whose micro biome need more good guys from someone else to see off the seat if we. Of fecal transplant here at the hospital so we have a great pair of healthy donors who have been screened very robustly so they don't steal and we store it we're back in our minus 80 freezers so it's ready to be used whenever we have a patient and essentially it's the same process when a patient has a colonoscopy so camera tests have a look at the inside of the bottle so the chub goes through about passage into the barrel and then one of the channels of the instrument we flush through the fecal transplant Ok And what's the success rate it's very good in that group of patients. Around about 8085 percent. Of patients who've had one fecal transplant a small number of patients will have to have a 2nd and that brings the success rate up to about 90 or 95 percent so lives have been saved I think so yeah I mean this can be a really severe illness in some patients particularly those who've got lots of of the co-morbidities an illness is and you know a general kind of mortality rate for patients who c. Difficile might be 10 percent so stopping that chain of infection stopping that cycle of real. Treatment for this group of difficult to treat patients can be lifesaving in some circumstances his favorite streets in London the human was having his guts probes back at the Holly Street Health Center. The pooch diagnosed like those intolerance only ended up that after a highly unconventional doctor he's in a bizarre Russian regime told him his guts looked dodgy It turns out the guts without showing any warning signs was indeed leaky probably through ignoring the like toes a. Tolerance so the inside of your. Small intestine is inflamed the inflammation makes the absorption of New York tree and it's difficult so all the organic food I've been scrimping to buy the healthy stuff that you saying which straight through makes I've got inflamed got because you have an inflamed gut do you think this may have affected my moods my energy my mental well being I actually believe so and I tell you how that works the gut flora our good bacteria. 80 percent of our immune system is be linked to it it is responsible for 80 percent of our community there are some elements of very important nutrition that are missing then definitely we're not getting the enough food Sirat only levels have a dropped endorphins are not enough and the effect of got over mine it is quite obvious and it is very logical that when it's time to turn the guts around no sugar and no fruits for a whole month but lots of probiotics further down Harley Street you run into a nutritionist you've been hearing about Iraq boil let me be clear I use probiotics all the time you said to really let the good bacteria take but the guts he'd have to take even deeper and yet in my clinic if I see an individual and blindly give the probiotics what tends to happen nothing getting into mitochondria and adrenals it always comes down to the same issue will those probiotics species colonise your gut lining if there's no space where there's a colonize they won't know what's the big factor there have you successfully killed off their competition that's a whole other story for another time but for now no bananas. No booze not even a solitary blueberry for one miserable month. In the lab in Ontario the scene of the transplant Cedric was also miserable and as anxious as ever for the 2 weeks since he barely left the shadows of the cage hardly ventured downstairs. After the shock of it all Hank advanced back to his usual happy self pounding around the house railing against the snow flake by obscene mice you can't tolerate a bit of minor experimentation maybe Cedric needs a safe space in his cage Chuckles a trigger warning for rubber gloves he soon forgets all about the experiment maybe it had been an Andrew Wakefield hypothesis one of those placebos you hear about no nothing has changed. Back to 3 poop versus Prozac. Something is stirring in Cedric in the 3rd week after that fateful swap he feels less anxious more confident more willing to explore steps a less daunting shadows less enticing one day I might even be as big as Stuart Little Bastard think strangely once happy go lucky Hank is also experiencing a transformation there's a nervousness he's not used to the world seems more daunting the darkness comforting Cedric and Hank were becoming each other so the Shimei usually take their own 280 seconds. To step down from the elevated platform after going to transplant they were stepping down within $200.00. 82nd talk to friends and chorus of. Dairy mice. Usually we're stepping down quickly around 20 seconds now it's them up to 60 seconds. The 1st. Changing. Position and director. Behavior. And also now we have more and more data showing that it's not only the behavior but also structure and history of the brain just in terms of the behavior I mean is it in human terms a bit like if you're feeling a bit depressed or anxious and you get invited to a party and you don't want to go and you don't go with it in milestones it would be actually you've gone from being anti social to. I'm going to go to the party I'm going to go you know my stand might leave early on in the corner of if I'm going to go to this party you can probably make these call Baris And yes animals behavior it's levels of confidence that being changed by the micro biome rather than through brain chemistry like traditional and c depressants and all comedians moments for Professor church especially when he ran a follow on experiments this time giving bacteria from humans with irritable and anxiety to known neurotic mice most surprising finding was that the mice that receipt. Transplant patients with. Also displayed behavior while so. Human bacteria can make a mouse anxious yes when you got your results did you sit around with your colleagues and just say this is incredible you know we have. Made a mammal. More anxious or less anxious by playing around with the gut but did it feel like a sort of new whole new approach to treating mental health. And actually I think. He knew of any use for patients with psychiatric disorders and again I don't think that is a bias to every patient with. Pression but in my opinion their ideas subgroup of patients in whom these mental disorders are so your original thinking. It's a lot for the human with sugar cravings and still unrequited e-mails to take in a mouse is personality can be altered by a kook not just another mouse but from a human to intriguing amazing potential Where is the evidence that human moods can be affected by the guts. We crossed to a lab in Cork where Professor John Cryan is feeling ever more vindicated neuroscientists don't often bother with below the neck but for 20 years he's been focusing on the. Stressing others out to see if a particular bacteria might be good for stress these were you know normal everyday people but we brought them into the lab and we stress them in the lab and we have good ways of doing that that are ethical one of them is make people do public speaking Times the other is where they're put their hand into an ice cold water and someone is watching them and they feel very conscious about how they're responding in this regard so we've done a number of studies like that and much to our amazement that the people that were taking this bacteria had a much reduced level of response compared to those that were taking a placebo so just by. Adding a strain of bacteria someone's stomach. That will juice levels we think it's acting Lord on the stomach Yes but it's eyed in the small or large intestine but that was the vision what was the name of the parts here again which which lowered stress it was a bit of bacteria long in this case this was $1714.00 with the substrate if you're prone to stress or low level depression it's only home and giving it well there's no harm but again the evidence has been looked at and have no clinical studies of it in depression now all we've shown is that in healthy volunteers it dampen down the stress response so we all need to be cautious about over and over interpret and yet you know I mean. It is very promising with your genes you can't do much except blame your you know parents and g