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And this is up for nigh on 5 Live from Dawson added coming up in this moment to bring you news from the climate change conference and later on in this hour we'll hear about the plight of the mall Deaves the islands in the which is most likely to suffer a direct impact of climate change or at least of the sea level rising. Also 50 years ago this month humans 1st left. And headed to the moon. Apollo 8 we'll talk more about that later on we're going to talk about a film that last less than 30 seconds it is now been inaugurated into the. Film Hall of Famer were they clearly the United States face the 2nd clip but this is from 8098 and what. As shown on the film is remarkable even today good even for its time when. The climate conference in Poland have been extended delegates from almost 200 countries are trying to find consensus on how to check who are rising temperatures in accordance with the Paris Agreement which comes into fools in 2020 progress has been made but there are problems over the question of compensates in poorer countries for the damage caused by climate change Richard nations are resisting attempts to make them legally liable for causing climate change Gareth Redmond King is head of climate change W W F U K. 10 is attending the talks and I asked him what's been achieved so far it's hard to say at this stage what's been achieved because stays there after the moment there are pace of the whole agreement but Professor I'm so indifferent meeting raven's and it's such as negotiations. To some extent those of us who are on kind of you know members of government finance from central such talks we're kind of saying draft various stages having to judge by that and then find inference on the basis of that part all that being said what we see in the last few hours looks really recently positive. It looks a. Country involved in this recognising the science of all this the I.P.C.C. Published a report last month that made clear just how serious impacts on change are one have to agree which they. Say decrees for you know Sigrid just how important is trying to keep temperature rises to a one off looks like that's being recognised and it looks as countries are committing to Graceland Bishan on climate change what's really important the country. Grizzly's talks as well is the rules of how they operate the parse agreement they all signed off the house means 3 years ago at the talks they didn't agree the rulebook to how to walk the wiser when how admissions reductions are measured how they were counted for so there are aspects of that that are still a bit troubling I think I'll call enough to make the tires agreement but we might still need to a bit more work on the rulebook further down the line so it's listen reasonably positive it's not yet clear whether countries are committing to enough in terms of the money that is needed to help the most vulnerable countries in the world to deal with the impacts of climate change that will become clearer when we see the full text like so I think is it clear how these tools will be defined in the future you know Tyreese has go its definition had its definition so how will these schools be regarded later on I mean what we're looking for what we hope this where when when people look back at least talks is that they say that you know the cast of the play called was where countries really stepped up to the plate on the parents agreements they did it on one level as parents is really hard and it is a huge deal for everyone to sign up but that was the problem and this is the point now 3 years on where actually those countries need to kind of step up and turn the process of turning that promise into reality and they need to connect to that and patient so that in 2 years' time when they come back in 2020 cars which we very much hope will be hosting the. They are committing to enough climate action to keep warm it's one of the half degrees of moment we're on track for 3 degrees so we really hope is that this is the ambition come I'm sure you are aware that the mood to use Representatives doesn't seem too impressed with these climate changes will Simponi so far anyway yeah and understandably so progress has been. Slow it's been difficult and there's been a sense certainly halfway through the talks there is a sense of some of the biggest countries and some of the countries of the past a little bit more reliance on the economy is a bit more reliance on fossil fuels with honey getting in the way but since then the 2nd week of the leaders of the champions have stepped in to place and and. Climate vulnerable countries in the low lying low lying low lying island states like from all these have also stepped up and just being really really clear about the impact. Stake here and they really have you know based such you know they have such moral authority because they are on the frontline of climate change and I think that has really helped push things along as well in the last few days but you know expressing frustration anger given how existential is for a country like Maltese is really important and talks like this actually for granted on the side to what extent to what extent of these tools overshadowed by the fact that the president one of the main pleasing countries is this charm fools the elephant in the room if you like I mean I haven't guessed. I was going to say is it climate change skeptics what extent are these talks overshadowed by the fact that you know you're not going to get much change from the United States on this. I mean . The United States is still a party to Paris agreements they are for another another couple of years and we say it in the end and so that Hans that the talks the world that was the conversation of the weekend I mentioned before. But it's a bit of a sideshow really at the end of the day all the other countries are in the room pushing from questions. Everything find ups and you know they they have been pushing on a strong rulebooks a parasite they have been playing an active and constructive part in these talks and the other thing to say of course in the US is that. Our current the number the story like you know where fires and of cities state companies organizations and of course you know millions of says is. Very clearly set up and said Well we are still and we are still in Paris we are still in a tackling climate change and we are still taking action so there is still an awful lot happening in the United States sits on a challenge Gareth Redmond King the head of climate change W W F U K A US federal courts in Texas has ruled that Barack Obama's health care reforms is unconstitutional judge read in full said Obamacare had been invalidated by a change in tax laws share which eliminates it a penalty for not having health insurance with us because of that side David will instead be just remind us what Obamacare is. The Affordable Care Act as is known Doughton came into being in 2010 and as well as the goal of health care for all it also set in place certain protections including protections for people with so-called preexisting conditions and those of the people who had previously either been declined health care coverage or were forced to pay very high premiums for the privilege therefore the bill Care Act has proved highly popular last year more than 11000000 Americans rolled in it it's sort of similar number possibly on course to do so for next year and despite their business opposition to it and the fact that they have the majority currently in both houses of Congress Republicans have failed in their attempts to repeal it and was busy. Well a federal judge in Texas today sided with an argument that was put forward by representatives of a coalition of Republican leaning states and that that contention is that changes in U.S. Tax laws that were brought into effect last year eliminate the penalty for not having health insurance and thus rendered that parts a key part of the Affordable Care Act unconstitutional and thus the act itself invalid this I have to say does not mark the end of the matter the end of the line for the fordable Care Act Here a coalition of Democrat leaning states is expected to contest the ruling and ultimately this is light to go all the way to the highest court in the land the United States Supreme Court any response from the president some people may remember the he even on the campaign throve resume totally against Obamacare as he covered said it's all in this ruling Well needless to say you're absolutely right he's welcome this decision by this federal judge in Texas calling it good news for America and the White House in a statement also called on Congress to come up with an affordable health care system that also protects people with preexisting conditions and yet as I mentioned they've struggled to find a good replacement for it in the past and the fear I think on the part of supporters of the Affordable Care Act And there are many is that America could without it go back to the days when what about 20 percent of the population here had no health care insurance at all David thank you very much David Willis there there is only. Amazing piece of film that I've been watching over and over again can't get enough of it so any 30 seconds long 30 seconds long but it's from 1898 well shot but that's not what's really remarkable about it it's just being inducted into the American Library of Congress National Film Registry this is you know I don't know this is the equivalent to suppose of having a book deposited in the British Library over here it's been inducted into the Library of Congress alongside films like Jurassic Park My Fair Lady and Brokeback Mountain all of those of Kools big money earners in the books office but this 32nd clip that was only recently discovered 3 years ago in fact from 8098 is. Chip is the owner We've all of those great films look let me introduce our guest it's walkabouts because they might be able to put some more meat into this conversation this footage is getting recognition thanks to the detective work of University of Southern California archivist Dino Everett who's with us hello Dena hello and University of Chicago historian Allison Nadia fields who's an expert on African American cinema and it said good morning good morning and tests have you both here now do you know 1st of all how did you discover this film how did it come to your attention well we get calls from time to time where people come across film and they're not really film collectors and so they find an archive and they call and say hey I've got this film I want to want to get rid of it and that's how it came to us and ironically it came in a garbage bag inside of a fox. And it was just a bunch of films thrown in it and mixed in with the other film was something good how did you know it was good. Well. I think just being an archivist and being in tune with sort of important characteristics that you could see on a piece of film I saw some some signs on the edge of the film that clued me in it was very old and obviously the depiction of the couple being that it was very old immediately made me think it was really important and this is would you describe would have visited this film in the cover dinos talks about. It's really remarkable So it starts with them it's a it's a man and a woman well dressed and stage Costin's and they began kissing and then they prologue part and he pulls her back in and they kiss again and then she kind of quietly shakes her had and he pulls their back and they they kiss 4 times in the cell which is really amazing in 30 seconds less than 30 seconds and they're just having fun they have a lot of joy they feel very natural there seems to be genuine affection between them it's not staged it feels really improvised and even though it's a performance and they're clearly performers they're just very natural and is unlike anything either do you know where I had seen an early cinema this isn't really a performance because. I mean the way they kiss is you say for those who are listening this is what we would call snogging actually in more than just a little bit more than kissing if you know oh yeah. And I just can't even though they dress in what looks like a stage costumes the expression on their faces suggest they move intimate you will like just make them you know their dance partners and you can see how comfortable they are with one another's bodies and they were in a dance revue together and they were used to performing together and they cheat out of the camera there they're very cognizant that the cameras in front of them and that they are being recorded but there is this kind of improvised sense to it that is a little more impromptu than what you would imagine a performance would be yeah he's got he's got an extensive look on his face and she only mildly plays the coil I made and I think I did and OK so what happened next you know once she realized that this was a gem because there is a context to this it will come to the moment when she realized it was a Jim what happened then what did you do. Yeah well since I'm as a film archivist my expertise is really on the physical piece of film itself once I sort of decided OK this is old and important I reached out to Allie because I knew her expertise was in early African-American sent us so I wanted to reach out to her to find out you know specifically is this a film that's already out there you know and if not. How can we find out exactly what film this is because those early films you know they don't have titles on them . But it was a credibly well shot for AC 98 I know cellular does go a lot go for it but the it's remarkably well shot this look is in of this clear and sharp than some of the big Hollywood movies from the sun here it does really to me out a very but it's in great shape L.A. Trade is an incredible medium as long as it's properly preserved it can it holds the image quality incredibly well so what is you research told you Alison about what the all regions of this from my I've been the contacts over the why do social contacts of just seeing the context of it being filmed My bit is there any precedents to explain what's going on there yes so we do we're pretty sure right away that this was some kind of parody on the very famous John Rice may Irwin kiss which was filmed by Edison and $896.00 it was one of the 1st films publicly exhibited It's a landmark in American film it's totn every film class and it's it's something that was very much in the cultural currency of time and it led to a kind of string of versions that were take opposite that film and so this was clearly one of those. And so we started looking through catalogs and sure enough there were several titles that indicated that there were parodies or burlesque the mayor in KISS but with black performers but the catalogs were very misleading and we combined that kind of. Research into the material evidence that you know was talking about about the physical characteristics of the cell with what detective work we could do around surviving papers and the paper trail so film catalogs archived inventories and even the Sears catalog which sold C.-Leg films which is how we dated at 898. It turns out it was a film that was shot in Chicago by William C. Lake who was the owner of the C.L.A. Polly Scott company and he had actually been a manager of minstrel shows including working with George Walker and Bert Williams the most famous Minstrels of the time and he was plugged into the black performing community and Chicago and I believe that's what they were doing there that they at the same time as they shot this film they filmed a cake walk film which also survives and I think this was done a little bit on the side as a kind of impromptu parody of the mayor when film I'm looking at the Mayo when kids are usually different have a very very different I hope your listeners are going to lead because it is it is ubiquitous and they it's very stagey they kiss very chase Lee and it is not the kind hashing it you know love will humorous kiss that are performers have. But the performers we know we discovered a little bit about them they were fairly well known and not super famous Chicago based performers named Gurley Brown and Saint subtle and Saint Sato was a ragtime composer and songwriter he was known for performing kind of high class characters. And dirty brown became a performer with the Pekin stock company in Chicago which was the 1st black on musical involve Bill theater in the country about a decade after this was filmed so these were you know working performers in Chicago and then that Midwest Did you know do you know this was a parody did you know the regional food and this is talking about did you immediately recognize the comparison. Yeah absolutely because I mean just by chance I also happen to have. A bootleg kiss that I think was made by this other company called Luban So I'm definitely very familiar with the cure so but one thing that strikes me on this it is for many of our listeners approvingly don't understand this is say shoe context of this new film why new I say from 8090 a right. To 70 Do we could anything yes you know what it was and as you know say these films were named on the films themselves but they were sold with terms that would indicate to exhibitors what the subject matter was so they were sold with identifying titles and this was called something good negro casts something and so it identifies the film as a need for a pass but some think it is doing something interesting in the title and I think it's indicating to exhibitors that this is not tawdry that it's actually you know quite Charmain and that it's something that a family could could say. And it's really that the significance of it is you know kissing between African-Americans and cinema at all is incredibly rare up until about the 1970 S. So we have as you say the snogging. But it's so different from all the representation that we have of African-Americans on cinema at this time I mean it was not American cinema was not hospitable to African-Americans they were frequently represented in demeaning racist caricature hours and this couple they're not the butt of any joke they're not the punch line they are being you know human beings expressing joy and love and that's you know we can't underestimate the power of the film simple assertion of just black humanity so how did they get away with that in a consensus where most filming of African Americans was done from a. Negro. Phobic necessarily but. Exploitative. Point of View anyone caught Suzy that Imation is well I've seen some of the morals of. Bizarre racist animation that black people caricature has of them in those areas how did this film then book again is the trend and what it would have done well would not well it's interesting so I want to be clear that the film itself was marketed as a comedy because of the presumption that the black people on screen would be inherently comedic So it was framed with all kinds o