Transcripts for BBC Radio Ulster BBC Radio Ulster 20180930 0

The Indonesian government says it fears the number of dead following an earthquake and tsunami could reach the thousands the official number killed on the island of way Z. Is more than 400 Liang Garley felt the earthquake and hasn't been able to contact her family in the coastal city of Palu since the tsunami hit. This really be my house is made by even from really this take while looking for my so we are now trying to organize the informations because there is thousands of people and now has no information as. Resigning as chairman of Tesla after reaching a deal with the U.S. Regulators he was accused of falsely claiming to have secured funding to take the call make a private He'll also have to pay a $20000000.00 fine but will remain Tesla's C.E.O. Michelle Krebs is a senior analyst at Auto Trader someone needs to rein him in and you know I think that's it with appointing a chairman of the board and adding a couple of board members and I hope they pick one that are very valuable or well well speak up instead of rubber stamp. I think that's actually good for the company Boris Johnson's attack Trey's amaze breaks it plans again as the Conservative Party conference begins in Birmingham he told The Sunday Times the Prime Minister's checkers proposals are the ranged He's the former Conservative M.P. Edwina Currie that is not the way to make progress and the Tory Party and this is what happened to him last time isn't it I mean he has stood for prime minister before and he got absolutely nowhere when he actually did it round and counted the number of members of parliament who would actually support him. resumé Says she's acting in the national interest Meanwhile the Information Commissioner's Office says it will look into a security flaw with the Conservative Party Conference app it allowed contact details including the phone numbers of senior politicians to be accessed a woman from a Russian village believed to be linked to one of the soul's brain nerve agents suspect has told the B.B.C. She recognizes him and he's a military intelligence officer a claim support the findings of an investigative website that said the man who gave his name as Roussillon Bashir of was in fact a highly decorated soldier code and a totally. The F.B.I. Has begun its investigation into claims of sexual misconduct against President Trump Supremes Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh federal agents examining the accusations by Dr Blass a forward have contacted a 2nd woman who has come forward Mr Cavanaugh denies any wrongdoing President Trump spoke to journalists about the investigation as he prepared to board Air Force One there's never been anybody that really look. Like Judge Kavanaugh I think that is going to work out very well but the F.B.I. I believe is doing a really great job they have been all over already. And Kanye West has changed his name to yeah he announced the news on Twitter he's had the nickname Yeah for a while now and used it for the title of his album released in June that's the 5 Live news now he's here with the support Europe captain Thomas Bjorn held a remarkable performance from Francesco Molinari and Tommy Fleetwood on day 2 at the Ryder Cup as his side extended their advantage over the USA to 4 points in Paris Molinari and Fleetwood made history becoming the 1st pair to win all 4 of their matches at a single Ryder Cup of bent the host take a 16 lead into today's 12 singles matches and need just 4 and a half points to regain the title in Paris coverage begins here on 5 live at 11 AM Liverpool manager Juergen Klopp says his whole dressing room was done thing after Daniel Sturridge came off the bench to help the rescue a 11 draw against Chelsea in the Premier League club believes the England forward is in the best shape he's seen him since taking over at the club that result allowed Manchester City to go top on goal difference that's after they beat Brighton Manchester United's defeat to West Ham means it's now their worst start to a league campaign for nearly 30 years British number one Joe had a concert was beaten again this time losing to number 10 seed you in the China Open 1st round and the title contender Sebastian Vettel says his Ferrari reached its full potential in qualifying but he could only manage 3rd on the grid for today's Russian grown Prix. In Formula One but Sadie's Valtteri Bottas his own poll had of his teammate Lewis Hamilton this is B.B.C. 5 Live Digital only smartphone unsound and the 5 live weather a mixture of sunny spells strong winds and showers in Scotland will spread into Northern Ireland parts of Wiles' and northern England today however most of England whiles will stay nice and dry but a little cloudy PI's in Birmingham of 13 degrees. The takes. To see. The. Next. 3 places a. Lot of sports extra. 5 Live breakfast is here from 6 with Sam Walker and Nicky Campbell in Paris at the Ryder Cup But 1st we join Dr Chris Smith And that same for 5 Live Science this program is pre-record it's a please don't call or text. Hello welcome to 5 Live Science I'm Chris Smith from the NIH could scientists in this hour a D.N.A. Repair kits that can fix genetic diseases a U.K. Project launches to clean up 7000 tons of spice junk and a new computer guy secretly teaches you about electricity plus well in terms of people who don't need we're looking at somewhere in the region of 50000000 or even more I mean think the highest estimate so about 100000000 to put that in context the total number of people killed in the war is about 17000000. As we head into winter and the flu season we're pushing the influenza virus under the microscope the naked scientists are fine BLITH. 1st this week scientists in Cambridge have developed a system to fix a class of devastating genetic diseases called mitochondrial enzyme defects Charlie guard the little boy who became a high profile case Great Ormond Street and sadly died last year had one of these diseases they occur when structures called mitochondria which supply our cells with energy don't function properly this happens because some of the mitochondria which contain their own small pieces of D.N.A. Carry genetic changes or mutations that prevent them from working properly speaking with Katie Gammage from the Medical Research Councils the board tree of molecular biology has developed a gene editing system that knocks out selectively be defective mitochondria so they're them replaced by healthy working ones severe medical or is it is likely to result in the patient not often leaving the hospital serious mobility problems that likely have columns of difficulties requiring round the clock care most of the time and life can really be very very difficult and in slightly less severe cases being wheelchair bound and struggling to live and then in life we aimed to develop a system that would enable us to target the mutated mitochondrial D.N.A. And take that percentage down from say 90 percent mutated down to 50 percent mutated then hopefully someone who did have clinical disease no longer has any more so you're talking about editing someone's we're talking about selectively removing one entire subcollection Yeah so how on earth did you do that we took some genome engineering tools which had been developed in a different form for different purposes zinc fingers and finger nuclear is to be precise and what these things do is later target specific portions of D.N.A. And cut it if you cut the most going to do you know it gets degraded and so if you can selectively cut the versions of the mitochondria genome that have a mutation then you selectively removed. From the total pool and so hopefully you change the percentage of mutated versus healthy we created these zinc fingers that would be specific to the mutation in this particular mouse has a relatively mild form of mitochondrial disease and it is it has a mutation which is very similar to human mutation we tested it in mouse cells to see if we could alter this ratio of mutated to mutated and then we put it into the mouse so injecting into the bloodstream the genetic instructions for the zinc fingers using a harmless virus that's been repub is for this kind of thing and this virus really really likes to be taken out by heart cells predominantly we measured the levels of healthy mice going to D.N.A. Versus mutant study from about 70 percent and going down to about $3035.00 cells generally like to maintain a total number of my total D.N.A. Molecules they say it's a 1000 if we've removed say 20 percent of them or 30 percent of them well happen as the remainder will will be replicated and so your Basically every time you remove one molecule you're increasing the chance that it will be replaced by a healthy one how far you away from doing this in humans. The beauty of this approach is that it's generalizable every time we want to target a new mutation we have to do is reengineer the parts that D.N.A. And then all work that will take us a certain period of time a few months perhaps to design some new ones to human mutations and then get ourselves into a position to be performing chemical trials in humans that could take a lot longer we're hoping to have something on the cards within the next year or so are the need Taishan in people who saw her from my 200 disease different from each other and if so do you have to pass on lies this tool for every single person that you treat there is a pretty broad selection of mitochondrial mutations that occur and humans and cause disease but there are some real standout candidates that appear much more commonly than others for example there's one which accounts for about 30 percent of all my sort of D.N.A. Mutations in humans so there is definitely going to be a required level of reengineering for different people in a personalized medicine kind of approach but a good portion of the population should be served by a handful of these therapies you are just doing this with mitochondrial D.N.A. Are there any risk to the neatly a D.N.A. We can't find any evidence of any activity of what we've developed in the nuclear genome we took parts of the nuclear gene and looked very very similar to the area in the most condo genome that we were targeting and then we assessed the area around it to see if anything had changed and in our experiments we did this we found absolutely no changes in a world where you don't have an effective treatment it's a potential silver bullet obviously there's a lot of caveats they go with that and a lot of optimization and and careful testing and safety assurance is potentially is a very very big change step change for people who suffer from these diseases what a wonderful story Pam damage from the M R C's mitochondrial biology unit at Cambridge University and that work was published in the journal Nature Medicine. Now imagine saving up for years to buy your favorite car but in order to get it home you have to drive it through a pile of rusty metal safe to say you're going to damage it well that's actually pretty much what satellites go through with every launch because our planet is surrounded by a sea of orbiting junk left behind after our previous 4 eyes into space now scientists across Europe are grabbing this bull by the horns with an imaginatively one project called remove debris is a clock spoke to sorry Space Center director and leader of the project Al Yeti Currently there are more than 7000 Dons of stuff up there in space and that mostly are old satellites or of the final stage of rockets things that have been put in orbit maybe you know decades ago and they are still there spinning around some of them have broken into bits it is a problem because the stuff in orbit travels really fast and so even is more fragmented hitting a new satellite could destroy this new satellite. Imagine spending all that time researching a brand new satellite only to launch into orbit and then have it destroyed by a piece of space junk. And his team is planning to change well what we have done with our partner is to put together a cool source room to demonstrate it acknowledges that can be used to to remove some of these debris and the project has been sponsored by the European Commission on the kind of technologies that we are going to demonstrate our relatively simple technologies if you want one is a net so the idea is to capture your piece of debris with an athlete and the snap of that envelope the object and then you can drag it down in order to acknowledge that we are going to the most rate in a few months is a harpoon so Also here is a seamy lot of thing so without a boom you try to capture your object and then you will pull it down until it burns into the atmosphere OK Say you've just done this fast test so took me through it how did it walk OK Everything went very well saw from the main satellite which is the size of an old television set that we have a release out of the fish I get is maybe the size of a loaf of bread to give people an idea and then this has inflated the stature to be much bigger so it is more up as entity or very out piece of debris then from the main satellite we have launched the net the that has captured the. Little debris with these inflatable structure and has completely enveloped the debris and so now is going to the auto beat with it and burn into the atmosphere how is all of this controlled how would your device know where to capture this piece of debris. Well in our case we have released our own piece of artificial debris so we knew where it was and that relatively easy to do to recapture it in an area else in our Your the 1st thing that the satellite will have to do is to get closer to the potential target so you would have to have a more sophisticated control of the satellite in. To get closer to your target therefore you can capture it. Another test that the removed debris team have said job is to use a camera to monitor the speed and shape of debris in order to check how a potential target me after that it's over it's a trying to hard pain rather than an to capture. But how does it all think it destroyed. The idea is that we are going to. Be To saw these junk can burn into the upper atmosphere and normally our satellites out of the zine in a way that they can burn completely in their high atmosphere however you would try to do these maneuvers maybe over the ocean so even in the unlucky case that the little part of your satellite maybe doesn't burn completely the potential fragment then drops into the ocean and then even in an area where maybe there is a higher density of dance how do you hope this will walk in the future what we have done was a demonstration of the technology so now that we have shown that the technology is viable we hope to be able to convince all the stakeholders to actually finance such a mission what we magically is just to do with a few missions every year where people would agree beforehand what is the particle piece of debris that we are targeting so you can go up put capture these pieces of debris and then do a lot of it this is what they kind of scenario that we have in mind sounds to me like have got a very big job on their hands that was great from the sorry Space Center and you can watch a video if you wish of project remove debris in action on their website. You're listening to 5 Live Science with me Chris Smith still to come we're marking the 17 or 8 of the 918 flu pandemic and 10 years of the Large Hadron Collider but what's it done for science before though to something highly electrifying. It is engineers at Cambridge University have launched a professional computer game to enable players to learn how electricity works it's called Wired and software engineer Dermot Campbell and also Engineering Technologist Richard progress on its creators Welcome to both of you Dermot turning to you 1st so briefly describe this game if I play it what I see Wired Is video game and you control a character who has to get to the top of the building and she goes into various rooms and when you go into a room you'll find that they'll be mechanical doors and platforms that can rise up and fuel cells and switches but initially nothing moves because nothing is wired up so what the player has to do is 1st wire up all the components in the room and then they can run through it pulling the switches jumping on the platforms and get out of the room there is a story that runs through it because the player encounters a sort of old silly projector screens of various points where there's this slightly eccentric professor who explains about some of the electrical anomaly real life then. Impart some of the learning as well so for learning through there absolutely but you also then get to find out who that professor is what his relationship is to the player character and the story evolves through that so a lot of educational games tend to be delivered through the classroom so they only ever end up having to be more fun than the lesson that they're replacing and the whole idea with Wired was saying well let's show that engineering is genuinely fun so. Let's deliver it through gaming websites instead of the classes. So people can choose to play it so it needs to be at least as fun as other games that people choose to play yes so that they're all the way through from the beginning it's been designed with fun as being its primary driving force Well I asked a young person to have a go of it would you like to hear what are made I recorded having a go. Hello my name Samir and I'm 12 and I've just been playing this really fun game called Why it you have to wire up circuits which make doors and platforms move so you can get around a school. And what short circuit is that you have to wire machines correctly you have to have a power supply to the machine and also you can have too many machines connected to a power supply and the more machines you have connected to a power supply the machine. This is a good game because I'm learning something and it's definitely fun to do when you're bored in the holidays. I mean what did you get on the electricity route there Richard why choose that subject I think came from interviewing students for admission over many many years where I was surprised by how many people didn't really understand the concepts behind voltage and current I thought maybe this is something that if we could get people to feel it to experience it to actually interact with it rather than just see it as a load of equations on paper it might help when you're sitting on the interview panel this intake hear them Richard will be assessing students to see if they've played your game because I could be part of the crowd and you're having a place at Cambridge because you haven't played Why oh no no I don't I don't know you could do that but I'm just kidding but no seriously I guess you're going to have to wait now to see if this does make a difference one year because if it does actually perform and does seem to educate Vassar version the way you'll seeking to do you know I mean I think it's fairly credit. The engineering problem solving is in bedded naturally in the gameplay I think we've got that far but that really doesn't help in unless the game catches on unless the game plays the fish and you're trying to say you know the $1000000.00 question is does it catch on well we will have to wait and see Richard Praga and Campbell from the University of Cambridge and thanks also to junior journalist Amelia for appraisingly going for us busking in the warm sun is a luxury that many of us absolutely love and it's also good for you up to a point because the ultraviolet rays in sunlight produce the bone boosting hormone vitamin D. In your skin but too much causes some burned skin aging a wrinkles and is also respond to for skin cancer rates of which more than doubled in recent decades but all scientists from Australia have come to the rescue with a wearable sense of that you pop on your wri

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