As twins as they beat Italy 26 points to 15 in Rome they topped the table whilst champions Island ran out 2213 when as I was Scotland at Murrayfield. And Ben Stokes helped England recover from a tricky position on day one of the final Test against the West Indies instead England closed on 231 for a fall in football Liverpool beat Bournemouth by 3 goals to nail the now top of the Premier League whilst Manchester United a 4th after their 3 nil win a full in Cardiff and Burnley are out of the relegation zone after wins all the schools are on the B.B.C. Sport website as ever and G.B. Sprinter Phillip secured her full successive national 60 metres title on day one of the British Athletics Indoor Championships in Birmingham this is B.B.C. Radio 5 Live on digital B.B.C. Salary small speaker. A look at the weather some cloud in rain for the southern parts of England this morning one in some parts of Scotland possibly a frosty start to the day heavy showers expected in Northern Ireland around lunchtime before sweeping east drawing day expected to overall highs of around 7 degrees. The clear the culprit is a lot of those who go to the multitudes to see your. CAR I see your brothers down there it is real the Mafia had to pay saying come on. Come close to. Hell is over people don't press it is old. Friends existentialism doesn't happen every day. All the seminar you'll get a. Little bit of our childhoods coming home to Simon I was in my childhood come on up. Here is a bad one it's a career impact 1st Monday morning for you 6 well Chris and Ellie a handful breakfast from 6 but 1st we join Dr Chris Smith and the team for 5 Live Science this program is pre-record it's a please don't cool text. Hello welcome to 5 Live Science from the naked scientists I'm Chris Smith And in this hour we're tackling the science questions that you've been sending to us including Can dark matter make dark stars the gut busting question of why there is always regardless of what you've eaten room for dessert and can you get wife or I on the International Space Station make it scientists for 5 Live. But 1st up let me introduce our guest this week Richard Halling I'm is the one half of the space bar friends of space boffins podcast fame is a space science journalist and he'll take any questions on about space exploration and Laura Van Harman she's a coma University psychologist she specializes in mental health particularly adolescent mental health sitting along from her is Francesca de she's a coma University astrophysicist So the universe is quite literally her playground and back here on Earth Giorgio also comes University is a geneticist and he's got a special interest in food haven't we or we have a little GUESS WHO game which we're going to play right across the program for everyone at home to listen to so what we do is give you a sequence of clues as the hour unfolds and you have to try and work out what this thing is I'll tell you for free it's an animal the 1st clue is this is what it sounds like. Any clues will give you a bit more information later on as the program goes but for now let's start with this question for you Richard what's the wife i situation in space do astronauts get Netflix. Well sort of so there is wife on the space station so you probably see if you see pictures of the space station you'll see astronauts with i Pads or laptops not connected by cables so they have one way 5 but it's not really connected to the Internet as such so they can access the internet but mostly they are accessing Nasser's communication system which provided by the satellites called Tejas which are tracking and data relays satellites so imagine the international space station spinning around the earth low Earth orbit and then above those in orbit every hour and a half is yeah yeah every 90 minutes and then above that in geostationary orbit are spinning at the same rate as the earth so they're just sitting there above the earth there are these 10 satellites which act as a data relayed to the ground so using those you can get H.D. Video you can get pictures you can get mostly all the data NASA uses you see pictures or videos of astronauts in space that is pretty good quality that also means you can send up movies so yes they have a movie night usually I think on a Saturday or Sunday night so I have movie night on the space station have a screen they have a projector and they can all sit around in the sort of dining area watching movies but it's not Netflix I'm afraid a lot of astronauts haven't you so what do they tend to watch because because a lot of Saif i Phones or space films out there that's a little bit kind of prophetic if you're actually up there doing it for you know they do they love their site far they love Apollo 13 you know they love it is also they learned. In the same way like that is that the sort of visual equivalent of a sort of masochism where you can actually watch I was in trade the other day I was on a plane and I watched one of the an aircraft is asked. Moving you can do that on planes but they like that same way in Antarctica so Antarctic mid-winter they watch the Antarctic horror film the thing and that's the annual movie in Antarctica there is this I think you know they get their astronauts on I mean they're not afraid of anything I guess that's absolutely true thank you for that Richard Charles Sam's been going bananas about this question can you help him. D.N.A. Could scientists I heard that we share 50 percent of our D.N.A. With bananas does that mean we are all half a banana are some people more banana than others that's a golden or perhaps you could even say or a yellow oldie isn't it Giles that question I mean what we've actually mean 50 percent by genes of the planet we clearly share 50 percent of some of the genes with the but because we're all living beings like on Earth and we if effectively evolve from the same primordial soup and so they are going to be and the magic reactions things that actually happen with us that are going to be shared but clearly just sharing the D.N.A. Does not make you 50 percent of an army is like saying there were 90 we share 98 percent of our D.N.A. Complete D.N.A. With with chimpanzees does that make as 98 percent chance I think what is critical is not only the stuff that is there but how it's turned on and how it's actually turned off and I think that is probably what is the biggest differences there so no I mean we're not 50 percent banana per se even though we share half our genes but but it's really coming down to the distinction of what is a gene because a gene is essentially a block of D.N.A. That does a job in a cell and that gene is made of genetic letters which will have it spelled out and so I could have a gene in a banana that does a similar job to a gene in a human but the actual genetic spelling of those 2 genes they do a very similar job in the 2 context but actually they're spelled quite differently so it's actually down to semantics what actually is a gene compared between 2 species that's absolutely right I mean I mean it's not as easy a question to answer as you might actually imagine what a gene is that the bit but that makes the protein makes the actual enzyme of the bits that turn it on and off is that part of the gene so I think it is a very good question and you're right different spellings of even the same homologous enzymatic reactions that is speak it doesn't mean it's going to work but you know Larry will transfer a banana gene into a human necessarily and get it to work in a human in the same way but you could because the genetic code is the same. Because this is so we all came from the same promotable soup you could take a gene from one species and put it into another and it would be understood by the machinery that makes what the gene spells out of city but it would necessarily do anything useful that's correct so the instructions are going to be we're going to be able to read them whether or not we can do anything that with whatever comes out the other side is another thing entirely Thank you Charles now Francesca Here's one from EVA which is for you can dark matter make dark stars you physicists always get the sort of rough into the deal here because you get a question that has all this embodied knowledge within it and then you have to spend half an hour on picking what that means so can you just explain to us briefly what this is why it matters and also what the subtlety is in this question dark matter is matter that we know is out there in our galaxy and in the universe because we can see its gravitational impacts on other matter it makes the matter me faster from its gravitational pull but we can't see it at the moment in any other way we can't see any light to anything that it emits as far as we know it doesn't emit any and we can't detect it in any other kind of lab based experiment on earth so most of the matter in the universe we don't understand even though the regular matter we understand really really well so there's this kind of big tension within physics that there's this small group of stuff the stuff that the earth is made of that we really know what we're doing and then most of the stuff back that we've just got no clue could it though because its gravitational active like the matter we're made of is gravitational active Could it all come together and make a huge great dark matter star which is what the question is all about maybe so it depends what exactly dark matter is in some models of dark matter you do get things called Dark Stars and by stars what we mean here is an object that has an inward force to it's a clump of dark matter there is an inward force set up by gravity and there's an I would for set up by some kind of pressure so if dark matter interacts with it south of it interacts with other dark matter then it could form a star like object but the star wouldn't shine in the way that our stars do because say what color would it be was my question actually is dark matter necessarily dark . It has to be dark if there are limits. On how much it can interact with visible light but it doesn't have to be a completely non interactive it's a bit light and indeed we hope it interacts a bit otherwise you've really got no charge about discovering what it is let's talk about the brain for a minute and an aura we had this from someone who didn't give the name and I said that we're constantly hearing about mental illness in young people at the moment is it really on the rise or are we just becoming more aware of this right I think the answer is both really and lessens is a really important time period for the emergence of mental disorders and we know that by age 1450 percent of our mental health disorders have emerged and by age 18 it's about 75 percent so a Lessons in itself is a really important time period where the majority of mental disorders 1st emerge and what we also know is that about one in 10 children and adolescents have a diagnosable mental health disorder but in the last couple of years the number of children and last and with him mental health disorders has been rising and this is particularly prevalent in girls and a good example fact is that there is a 68 percent increase in the number of adolescents hospitalized for self harming behaviors and the self report off self harming behavior has increased substantially from one in 20 to one in 4 so there is definitely a very clear pattern of emerging and increasing mental health problems in youth and how much of this do you think can be so sure media driven you know because you know just orthorexia you know where you actually are eating disorder where you like to eat perfectly from Instagram isn't examine how much you think is driven by social media so there's actually a really good research done in the last couple of years about the effects of social media on adolescent to health and actually the effects are really really little and it seems to be the case that little use of social media is actually benefit. All but then a lot on a lot of use is not beneficial but social media use research is really complicated by the fact that most studies actually look at screen time know what what is screen time they count chatting with your grandma Face Time is the same as looking at their pro and Web site for instance so you have negative interactions and positive interactions there are all kind of clustered together that's a very good point you're making because it's very easy to say you're just spending ages on social media but actually some of those interactions will be reinforcing your communication skills and so on and bring you a wider social network others will give you fear of missing out and worried about what the person next door is wearing and so on so it isn't social media in general that we need to look at but is what are they doing on social media returning to the original question do you think then that we are seeing a big increase in mental illness in young people or we are just becoming much pressure spotting I know you said a little bit of both you know there is there is you know there's a really clear evidence really that the prevalence of mental health disorders in youth is increasing so and it's definitely also the case that we're more aware of it and we're talking more about it but that is unrelated to the increase thank you very much and a lot we've heard from Ed Wilson on Twitter Richard who says Is there any regulation or quality control on the space tourism industry. And space tourism Well no. Not to the extent once it's in space so on Earth yes there is so at the moment the regulations have been drawn up for the space planes and they're covered by civil aviation rules so they're slightly more relaxed because you know these are experimental rocket planes so you basically sign a waiver and say I agree to all this but you know no company is going to fly tourists and still they're pretty certain they're also going to bring them back to earth again it's really not a good commercial model if you don't do that so yeah there are regulations and regulations for rockets as well and it's really interesting that shifting so they used to be international regulations used in court require a huge amount of insurance to fly into space that's now shifting so they're all becoming on a par with aviation and often depending which nation regulated by the same with orators Thank you Richard will stay there because we've also got this question that has been sent in by Simon who says Can animals mate and give birth in space it's a good question it is a good question can I break that down into 2 things so let's talk about the animals that we know have mated in space so we know frogs that mated salamanders of mated sea urchins of mated fish of mated we're not sure about humans so they're the animals that have mated in space then you have to look at offspring so there are some of given birth in space and there was some THE have conceived in space and then given a birth back on Earth so we know frogs have successfully reproduced salamanders not so much fish have successfully reproduced as looking at this and the best research seems to be done in mice and they had mice conceived in space and then they brought the embryos back to earth what's their development not a successful so not so many successful healthy mice were born as would have been born on Earth so this is on. Certainly down to lack of gravity so the must be sorry link not just radiation was that it wasn't the incident radiation in space there is but that's unlikely you know when you took a few days on the space station which is shielded and in low earth orbit so anyways got the protection of the Earth's magnetic field the sun in the conclusion of that paper was there some gravity factor that's you on the embryo and the lore how is there the fact that here in space it must be really stressful for these animals how stressed a being then to very well they probably haven't and if you were a mouse floating on. This box you know that's not so none stressful environment so yeah absolutely it could well be that it could well be that I think there is a bigger if you can just talk about stresses the bigger moral issue with the point of doing this research is so humans can reproduce and live in space either in an orbit around a planet in 0 gravity or on the moon or Mars in lower gravity then water the morals of actually raising a child in that sort of environment for the same reason we don't raise children in remote Antarctic bases should we actually be raising children on Mars and I think that's I think it's more interesting question almost Thanks Richard here is another clue in our guests who quiz running this is where we give you a sequence of clues through the program and are sure to tell us what this thing is a place of the sound it made earlier here's a reminder of that. Sounds ominous doesn't it the next clue is that the closest relatives of this animal are members of the mongoose and near cat families now we've answered the questions that people have been sending in from home now I have the team some questions that we made up earlier it's the Naked Scientist big brain of the week quiz I'm going to have 2 teams team one Richard and Laura team 2 Giles and Francesca you can confer on each of the rounds and whoever wins the most points is the Naked Scientist big brain of the week round one is an old chestnut an old. Favorite is called Tech Yes or techno team one which of these is a real piece of technology vacuum cleaning shoes or awning gloves I'd like to think that containing shoes would be great. And then they're likely going to. Be really heavy Well it may be vacuum cleaning shoes could be wheels something you could look at roller skates cage around your house in your hand the same doesn't exist let's say but yeah yeah going for the shoes or the gloves I would say that the gloves are actually more realistic What do you think yeah let's go for the clothes because you go for the gloves. So actually that you are right Richard the vacuum cleaning shoes a real piece of tech someone's probably not far behind the clubs they seem to which of these is the real jeans the double as a keyboard or what it is that gets scolding hot when it's stolen and that forces the thief to drop it so how does the wall there know when it's been stolen it would have to be far enough away from some phone or something I guess it's got to be right because otherwise how are you going to feel you're going to always have to take your fire Oh I there's been a disaster because otherwise jeans jeans as a keyboard Yeah you get these like flexible plastic these days right so it could be I care jeans like in D.N.A. Just right not most was the change that yeah. You see that we were a we who have suffered a beginning I'm going to go I am going to go you got to go with the genes Yeah I think it's going to tell the story I got genes in the brain. And it is the genes. Genes that double as a real capability. Are actually a real deal you can buy genes they've got a keyboard on the crotch area so you can if you're touch with. Them you know you're making it up you can tap away to your heart's content you're saying touch me to social media or we have friends think that he likes and that causes a family program it's. As you say Fran flexible plastic type technology can I have an interest in a wrong place their story. Well it off you scored a point that's the main thing OK team 2 in the lead at the moment round 2 round 2 is called Weird Science Team one which experiment has actually been done genetically engineering glow in the dark cats or genetically engineering ducks so they have chickens legs would you think. That's that's not ethical You can't do that I think glow in the dark can cats I think that's doable Yeah I think for doable ethically not so G.B.'s crossing the line with us that w