M camera is on 5 Live at 5 o'clock heavy snow is expected to cause widespread disruption across much of the county today weather warnings are in place in northwest England the Midlands and whiles Dales the head of highways in Oldham we have the 7 crime rates index which will just keep going round keep treating them if conditions go to what the forecast is say and then we may actually reduce the network down and keep some key roads open instead and then if the weather then gives a fault in our favor about a point that will try to widen again so we're just keeping to keeping going on them Boris Johnson will meet Iran's president in Tehran today and the foreign office says he had frank discussions with his counterparts yesterday and discussed now as a means of Gary Rand cliff she's in prison accused of spying Barbara right Cliff has a mother in law I think about 3 weeks ago I. And she and I agree that we were just at the end of the with the following Saturday in London for us to take with us. You know is a key piece of the folks up. Arab League foreign ministers have condemned President Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital they say it risks plunging the region into violence and chaos and the u.s. Can't rely upon the Middle East peace broker the Equality and Human Rights Commissions to carry out its own inquiry into the ground for telephone or the watchdogs expected to consider whether the governments and the local council failed in their juicy to protect life 71 people died in the disaster as a call to ban energy string energy drinks in all u.k. Schools of 5 Live investigations found a 3rd of young people regularly have the drinks which Hine caffeine and sugar is adding Goldberg school children are often targeted through t.v. Advertising and online content Some brands are sold for as little as $25.00 p. Cheaper than bottled water now the m a s u w t teaching union wants energy drinks to be banned completely in schools the British soft drinks Association which represents manufacturers says the drinks have been deemed safe. The government set out plans to encourage more students in England to study for degrees in 2 years rather than 3 the pay thousands of pounds less in Jewish and fees even though universities will be able to charge more than $11000.00 pounds a year Iraq's prime minister's declared today a national holiday he says the war against the Islamic state group has ended Judith you Farai is a professor of Middle East Studies at George Washington University it's the kind of statement that a politician makes to show that everything's under control and I think in this case you've got a prime minister who is not the strongest leader that Iraq is had and it is very important for its credibility to have this issue under control if not a limited and Chris really is believed to be in a stable condition after collapsing on stage when this is say the 66 year old singer songwriter fell backwards as he performed in Oxford last night. Nice England to taking on a Cricket Australia 11 in their laces Ashes tour match in Perth the latest now live from Adam own thoughts. In the batting again 36 for 2 years they lead the local team by 1997 Jennings out from north quarter slipping down Lawrence the Essex youngster just out 15 but now the chance to carry balance trim pressure selectors he's not out on at 14 anyone would gather up for 20 overs more then leave the cricket straight 11 with a target chase in 40 earlier Mark would push his case for selection at the Gabba with 2 wickets we could not get the rest of the sport with showed it Britain's James De Gale suffered a shock points defeat to the American Caleb Truax who becomes the new world super middleweight champion it was the Gaels 1st fight in 11 months and he was on the ropes from early on at London's copper box you can listen back to cheer x. Is way on sports extra from 6 am earlier Les Selby retained his featherweight world title with a points win over Eduardo Ramirez Roy Hodgson says there was confusion over his Crystal Palace side selected penalty taker following their 2 will draw with Bournemouth the result puts Palace back at the bottom of the Premier League table but Christian Ben take a Mr stoppage time spot kick that could have won the match Hodgson says the Belgium shouldn't have taken it Antonio can say he says his Chelsea side are effectively out of the title race after losing for a 4th time this season against West Ham It was David Moyes 1st when his hammers manager and Ronnie O'Sullivan will face Sean Murphy in the final of snoopers u.k. Championship Murphy was a 63 win over Ryan day in the 2nd semifinal O'Sullivan is going for a record equalling sic u.k. Title this is b.b.c. 5 live on digital online the smartphone and tablet the weather more significant snowfall across central areas through Sunday with large accumulations in places less cold with local gales in the sales and drive brought in cold for much of Scotland with heavy snow in the northeast today of minus one in Edinburgh and 7 for Cardiff b.b.c. 5 Live I'm Adrian Goldberg in every Sunday 5 Live investigates present. World class investigative journalism we went to all 46 police forces across the u.k. I feel like I'm being strangled I feel like I'm panicking you know sedately struggle every day 100 percent increase since 26 and I had to see their g.p. 5 times this week we're looking into evidence that children are being influenced by the marketing of energy drinks and the consuming that unsafe levels despite the industry committing not to target under 60 because of the label and the Brandon afterward they like it to me because it says the energy and so you think. Of an engine that's 5 Live investigate this morning from 11. 7 calling a half a breakfast from 6 o'clock 1st though Dr Chris Smith in that scene with science it's a pretty recorded program so please don't call or text. Hello welcome to 5 Live Science I'm Chris Smith from The Naked Scientist team and in the program this week evidence that London air is stunting the growth of developing babies scientists use ai to decode what they're all friends of sewing and health for a teaching Oxford scientists to combat drones that are behaving badly plus the small device architecture of having a capsule is exactly compatible with out technology and in fact the project that's just been funded develops a new set of optical filters which could be miniaturised and placed into a capsule format we wanted to we're looking at revolutions in healthcare just around the corner that make it scientists for 5 Live. 1st air pollution from road traffic in London is adversely affecting fetal growth and leading to low birth weights but it's the conclusion of a new study out this week from scientists at Imperial College and what's very worrying is that the affected mothers were exposed during their pregnancies to pollution levels that were only about half of what is currently set on the e.u. Law as the safe limit for human exposure leading the study was Moray we took every single Singleton live birth in London during 2060010 that's 5 year period and that means we actually were looking at 540000 births and we then estimated the residential exposure of every mother during her pregnancy to various different pollutants in particular small particular air pollution which is mainly a result of vehicle emissions we then looked at the link between the air pollutants and the birth weight of a every baby and we then saw that for every 5 microgram per cubic metre increase in small particular pollution there was a 15 percent increased risk in a mother having a low birth weight baby at 10 it was a big numbers only so how did you actually 1st of all quantify the amount of pollution that each individual was being exposed to so across London there are various different pollution monitors measurements from those monitors are read in a mapped and then we are able to map down to a 20 meter by 20 me to grade for our air pollution exposures across the whole of London are there not lots of other factors that could be playing a role here for instance if you live in a deprived area where there is more traffic you're much more proximal to a road you are therefore subject to much worse air could you not also be subbed. To much worse housing conditions in general a poor diet of air for higher risk profile for many of the problems that but include low birth weight yes absolutely it is very important to consider the other factors that play an important role in a mother's risk for labor for a baby and so he can make status is one of those we did take into account deprivation what we did was adjust for that the area level say we saw into every mother based upon her residential address what says he can make status was for that area so if it was a poor neighborhood we would assign poor neighborhood and if it was a rich a neighborhood we would have an affluent school for that it's not perfect but it tells a very good job at trying to take into account factors like 6 economic status and the things there are correlated to it like smoking we did not have individual level information on but we did our best to take into account that point of information as much as possible what about noise as well because when one drives down a road one makes a lot of noise when you live near a road you will subject to a lot of noise we know that people who live near Heathrow Airport on average have high blood pressure and a higher heart disease and stroke risk the people who don't live near Heathrow and other busy airports I could not noise just account for this yes absolutely that was a very important question and that's something that hasn't been addressed in any previous research study on this kind of scale before this was the largest study in the world to look at that question as to whether they affect that we are seeing on labor Thwaite are they really from the air pollution or could they be from the noise or from birth we actually found in our study that although traffic related noise could potentially have that impact we did not see an independent effect of traffic related noise or no labor why. Throughout London So what should the secretary of state for transport take away from your study not that they're going to read it but you know having listened to this program what message should they take away so I think the key message for policymakers is that the current legal limits set by the e.u. For small particular air pollution of $25.00 micrograms per cubic meter the average pregnancy exposures to small particular air pollution of the women in London is 14 micrograms per keeping meter you know the words are current levels for small particular air pollution are actually much lower than the legal limits and therefore it's absolutely clear that we have seen adverse health effects at these lower limits and therefore our current legal limits are not safe they are not protecting our pregnant women and they're not protecting their unborn babies and they must be released all right or Dahmer and the study has just come out in the British Medical Journal. Dolphins are exceptional in the variety of sounds they make as well as being able to communicate with each other through a complex language of whistles they also use echolocation clicks to hump right and to understand their surroundings a team at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California have developed an artificial intelligence system that can spot patterns in these clicks and then assign them to the species that made them this could improve our ability to monitor dolphin populations and their behaviors over time there is Thompson heard how it works from creator Caitlin Fraser. Thall friends make 2 to 3 main categories of sound they make whistles which are communication oriented and then they make these echolocation clicks which are like back sounds they're really high frequency very short like microseconds long kind of laser beams of sound that they produce out of their forehead they have an organ up there called the melon that focuses the sound like a lens and then it comes out of their forehead and bounces off of things in the environment and then the reflection comes back and based on that reflection what frequencies come back and how fast they can interpret if there's a target in front of them what is it how far away is it you know is that hard is it squishy is it something to eat that kind of thing so they're producing these signals constantly and we as scientists are able to eavesdrop on those signals and use them as a tool for studying dolphins so we build acoustic recording devices that will sit on the sea floor and record these sounds for very long periods of time but what's different about the way that you're trying to study the sounds as a grad student I spent a lot of time looking at data manually looking at echolocation clicks specifically I work in the Gulf of Mexico and so I had you know millions of these echolocation clicks that I had detected in data and I spent a lot of time staring at computer screens thinking Ok I think this type is different from that one you know trying to wrap my head around what the similarities of some were versus others and then I realized you know I think it would be better to use a computer to do this consistently and so what we're doing now is trying to use unsupervised learning so it's this idea of I don't know exactly what's in this data set but I'm going to use computing techniques to tell me more about my data without me telling it upfront what it needs to find so trying to use those to see if that can help us understand our acoustic data better. So instead of telling the computer that this click is produced by the species of Dolphin you're looking at work for itself is that right right so we're using these network analysis tools to aggregate lots of similar dolphin clicks together and what we're looking at in the Dolphin clicks is frequency content so frequency is our you know there is low there is really high pieces and those vary between species we think some species it may have to do with how their head is shaped so raising that and we're also using the rate that they're clicking at so some clicks lower on average and so we're using those 2 pieces of information combined to look for unique click types in our dataset and how do you know if it's doing this correctly as a way of checking if it's right. So for now what we're doing is comparing it to what a human analyst would do but on a smaller data set so we have a data set that human has looked at and we run that using the computer and we compare So for example results Dolphin have a very distinct click type and that has sort of emerged from the unsupervised process which gives you a sense that it is doing something but the next step is really going out into the field to just see if we can figure out what species or genus is making these different types how do you think this computer approach will help change our understanding of dolphins so these clicks are produced by all of the animals in the population and they're in large numbers so by recording these clicks you can do a lot of that calculations to estimate how many animals are swimming through the area over time and look at how populations are changing and so what this research is doing is trying to take it to the next level not just how many are there but who like what animal what species what genus those sorts of questions so that we can start to get more a more detailed picture. Telling us Thompson about the study that she has just published in plus computational biology You're listening to 5 live songs with me Chris Smith still to come fight Science and Health for a teaching good song to trace down the drums before that though we're going down to earth. What happens when the science and technology of space comes down to earth. Welcome to dance with naked scientists the mini series that explore space from space technology being used on earth I'm. This episode how what started off as NASA trying to tidy up his website ultimately hopes an era of cloud computing. World. Be careful what you post online but when you're a large organization such as NASA keeping track of what's new website is a challenging task and in 2008 when NASA was trying to clean up its web presence the agency realized they needed more than just a spring clean not only does NASA share images and results from space missions it also uses a myriad of computer networks to store mission data engineers soon realize they need a better way for people to access the data and computing power on their network to do this they develop the software need to create their own cloud or they may sound fluffy and nebulous clowns are very much real things they are in essence just a large number of computers that connects together and can share different computing tasks Rexx of computers will often be found in a warehouse more elegantly called a data center located somewhere with a fast internet connection when you access a cloud based website was service you computer a smartphone is talking via the Internet to the computers making up that particular cloud Take for example watching streaming videos on the internet your smartphone is talking to a computer in that company's cloud it will find the right video most likely stored on another computer somewhere else in the same network and send it back to you the clever part is the sharing of jobs between different computers means that if a company suddenly needs more space to say a surge in people sharing kept videos they can simply plug in more computers and these machines can quickly and their resources to the big cloud and rather than just setting up cat videos the cloud can also run applications just like your computer at home you get the computers in the cloud do the heavy lifting and get them to send you the results back to your machine for all that to work you need software that can coordinate all the different actions of the computers making up the crowd this is what NASA together with a firm that runs cloud computing systems developed in 2010 a joint consortium launched Open Stack and open source cloud software platform open source means the computer code is free for anyone to use without the need for a license and it was this feature in particular that prompted the widespread uptake of cloud computing before this it was still a relatively new concept with only a few commercial players in the markets. Today companies such as common effect true supermarkets and financial services firms use the Open Stack platform to power their own clouds so that's how what started off as trying to make it easier to share the results from space missions helped to promote the widespread adoption of cloud computing. That was down to earth naked scientists money begins and you can find more episodes online at Naked Scientist dot com slash time to. Thank you next time on down to Earth 2 finds out how a drill technology originally destined for moles to help scientists to look for life cannot hope to rapidly recharge your electric car in the garage. For the past 400 years or so the convention has been scientifically research is published in official journals is follow a strict code of conduct they recognized internationally and they present trustworthy information on the scientists and the general public can rely on but in recent years a new breed of publication has appeared which lacks these guiding principles and morals and exists only to make money the problem is that the costs just financial ones these publications of a cause for fight silence and named confusing need like well regarded official journals and the proliferating rapidly managed Lalu from the University also has been studying the phenomenon that is these so-called predatory journals so a predatory Journal is basically a journal doesn't follow the usua