The call coming home the state governor of Hawaii has apologized to the whole forty's mistakenly issued an alert warning residents of the ballistic missile attack text messages that people to seek immediate shelter Ryan Thwaite his own home and say that we're just woken up basically in our hotel room. Of the same time we're not totally sure Israel wasn't sure what they're mostly boarders on my phone starts if a people running in there and we start heading down down there was a complete hail. Campaigners have welcomed the possibility of a judicial review into the decision to release the serial sex attack of John Worboys government officials say the justice secretary David Gould is considering a challenge but will only proceed if there's a good chance of success the former taxi driver was jailed in 2009. Election documents in the us suggest that Chelsea Manning who was jailed for leaking classified data is seeking the Democratic polities nomination for the Senate seat of Maryland the transgender form the soldier was released in May after spending 7 years in prison when Barack Obama commuted her 35 year sentence. Protesters in South Africa have attacked several clothing stores belonging to h n n itself the fashion chain was criticized for adverts featuring a black child wearing a top with the slogan coolest monkey in the jungle police dispersed protests in and around Johannesburg Yousif the brand she is a social activist and anti crime campaigner members of the Economic Freedom Fighters because there are many of them these Clearly for some time but then became very ugly Police were forced to use rubber bullets members of the party dressing the doors taking the clothes of their acts and I believe that they have run into hundreds of thousands of France. The government says it's backing a bill to give tenants greater powers to combat rogue landlords it can't last 5 lives had access to figures suggesting one in 10 housing tenants has had a gas leak a fire or concerns over fire safety in the last 12 months these people live in tower blocks in Southampton where 5 doors have broken handles and don't shut properly it's scary but I've had a for what I had to hit and all I had a candle on and I obviously in the not set my bedroom or so on I was taught to have a or not block and it just can me and have way to my daughter lives out this building and really it's just scary it really is scary you just don't. Spot now and England all taking on Australia in the 1st one day international in Melbourne Let's get the latest from Henry ran heading into the midway point in Australia's innings arguments went to 7 for 3 in the 25th over England will be pleased with their work thus far but very wary of the fact that Alan Fitch is in looking dangerous for Boron's on to the Australian side of the bill for the way to the deep it will get boundary fit on to 16 I know wickets a full but over water Smith and head England as I say will be pleased to make those breakthroughs but wary of Finch is power and 131 to 3 the scoreboard ticks over to let's get the rest of the morning sport he showed us aka the Southampton manager says the use of the video assistant referee should be extended from the f.a. And e.f.l. Cups to the Premier League it's after pelligrino saw his side denied a win at what food with the core a scoring the equalising goal with his hand in their $22.00 draw Sam Allardyce accused his Everton players of being unprofessional in their 4 nil defeat at Tottenham alibi says his side threw in the towel in the 2nd half or Wembley the Doncaster Rovers manager Darren Ferguson has attacked the standard of refereeing in League One calling it appalling and saying substandard officials should be shot for poor decisions. It's after Ferguson's team were denied a penalty against Plymouth and the wasps forward James Haskell could miss the start of the 6 Nations campaign with England with a suspension he was sent off in their defeat at Harlequins in the Champions Cup he said 28 was related to song to you because the Premier League commentry feels a little anxious to see that. He's right here this is your station by finally sports extra strength coming up at 6 it's Sunday breakfast with Sam and Chris will be sent right now Chris Smith and the Naked Scientist set inside a black hole to find answers to your science questions this is a pre recorded program say please don't call or text. Hello welcome to 5 Live Science from the Naked Scientist team I'm Chris Smith And in this hour we're tackling the science questions that you've been sending in including Can a shrimp punch through glass is there such a thing as a perfect genetic love match and how deep do you need to go underwater before it gets totally dark the naked scientists are 5. We're all of the panel of people who are going to answer the questions for you this week a feller's a post-doctoral research or she's in the department of physiology neuroscience a coma University where she studies the eyes of mantis shrimp How about that so what do you have an eye for science early on what took you down that pathway Yeah my mom used to do Mr Wizard science experiments in the kitchen of us when I was a kid and they create vacuums with glass and water and just imagine a penny and then I also had my own little I guess toy microscope as a child like the one the you have to use a mirror to light up and I would stick stuff under that all the time and I don't microscope so it is amazing isn't it what you can do these days to stimulate the young mind yeah yeah you actually you can even get like microscope adapters for your phone now to actually turn it into a microscope thank you also with us Philip broad with the he's a science journalist of the. Last sighted chemistry said to have the chemistry set them for the present what took you down that route I didn't actually ever have one my sister did and I did some of the stuff with her but I think the thing that really got me going with science is I grew up on a farm and I was always out with we don't like fixing bits and bobs not welding or fixing the tractor or whatever and that involves a lot of problem solving and you know just fixing stuff with the stuff that you have to hand so I think that's probably where a lot of it came from he did become a farm and then you know I was actively discouraged. Sitting next to Phillip is Patrick short who's a geneticist and she works on inherited diseases so why is d.n.a. Called d.n.a. Petri Well it's an acronym it's just it's a done I don't know. Just getting it what do you work on so I work on specifically developmental disorders so we look at a big group of families here in the u.k. Where the child has an undiagnosed developmental disorder and try to figure out what's causing it from a genetic perspective what sorts of disorders can be intellectual disability autism any sort of developmental delay and what took you down that path so I've always been interested in math that was kind of my 1st love but was never really a theorist I really liked the practical aspects of it and I I fell in love with biology and how messy it was and thought it would be cool to take those math interests and apply it to genetics and it's a pretty exciting and quickly growing field great to have you with us also here friend of the program been with well since you were last on the map Middleton you're an astrophysicist So when I just start gazing sky with them what took you down that path Oh I think initially I collected fossils and that didn't work out very well. They just they just sat there would you let him find an ear Well I just sat there just collected a lot of minerals and all these are good so I go into science and I thought No Ok I watch a lot of side fire in the eighty's and ninety's me who didn't want to start a next generation and lot of students went yeah yeah I want I want I want to be set up and then also I just got just one of these why not it's amazing and I used to be black holes I do sort of black holes you know. There you go Great to have you with us thanks Chris Middleton Let's kick off with this wonderful question my name is Sarah and I am all your files why do I as Phoebe how. Do I seem to get out so living because in. Order to use your will. Nice is you want to get us started with who would like to take their foot in that sounds like something a bit chemical but atmospheric Why do we see the clouds moving in the sky what's going on you know well I'd say and yet there's a there's a little bit of both of those things happening so the spin of the earth does have an effect but the biggest effect is probably the wind but the interesting thing is that the wind at high altitude where the clouds are can be totally different to the wind at the surface where you're standing which is why you might sometimes see the clouds going one way and feel the wind blowing the other way but everything's spinning in the universe isn't it. Pretty much everything is spin yeah I mean the momentum is everywhere I mean look at formation the solar system a form of a big big ball of gas and dust and it was rotating and that's why the planets now rotate and that's where I was going with that that point that the earth is turning but why is the earth turning as are the other planets in our solar system is because they have spin to start with is absolutely they form from a proto planetary desk so there is rotating and it was collapsing down a condensing langar momentum as a consequences so the final product was also spending because it didn't can get rid of can get rid of that energy can get rid of that rotation so absolute this is what has been well thank you for that so basically coming about 10 years question it's the Earth is spinning Therefore the air is moving and the air is also moving in random directions because there's additional where movements from input from the sun and so on for yet so the wind comes from the sun heats up the land and over the water you get convection which is air heats up the gets lighter it moves up but then you have to have more cold air coming in underneath the replace it so that starts the whole thing moving and that's where the kind of wind comes from but winds really important because it picks up moisture which is where the clouds come from. The whole atmospheric chemistry and physics of that system is is important but also intriguing Philip thank you very much let's turn to you know because Jack has got in touch with us from Facebook this one Hi Nick scientists My question is why is ocean marine life more colorful than in lakes so this has a lot to do with the light environment underneath the water and so in like a coral reef system which is probably most famous for being super colorful The water is what we call blue blue blue dead dead dead so it's super clear and it really blue and gorgeous and that's why we like to go on vacation there and so when you live in a clear water you can be really colorful and send lots of visual signals to your neighbors or to someone you want to mate with and all that kind of stuff but in lakes in particular in fresh water systems that are very closely tied to the land you end up with a lot of dissolved organics and there's a really great word for that that's called guild stuff that just means yellow gook or yellow stuff and so when you're in this darker murky or light absorbing water you can't send a signal as readily so they tend to be fish and things a little browner Yes it was so it's more like they evolved to fit in the environment that they live in you know using bright colors how do they find each other than Well I mean a lot of chemical signals or sound vibrations like this way others a lot of other sensory things but with that I must make you aware of the freshwater darter which is one of the most beautiful colorful types of fish I've ever seen in my life they're only found in the southeastern United States and the males of these these species they just back up to these like rainbow beautiful things in the spring with like red and green and just I mean they're rainbow fish in the streams so that they can find the ladies Patric the colors obvious are great for attracting mates doesn't make them more likely to get attacked by a predator as well as there's some sort of trade off or dance that they do yeah well so you can use. Level signals as a sexual signal which there's risk with that but if it didn't work and they all got killed off then they wouldn't survive so they're obviously there's some behavioral thing they're doing to overcome the risk of being really flashy but you can also be colorful to blend into your background so if your background is really colorful then maybe you'll be really flashy as well probably one of the thing that's very colorful given we have someone who's by scientists to man when we see pictures of our solar system depicted the planets are given colors Is that accurate. It can be I mean some people like to fiddle with the colors of those things if you've ever seen a picture of a nebula you do get red and blue their beliefs are scattered light but when look at the planets what you're mostly seeing is either the rock in case of Mars which a very thin atmosphere you're seeing the chemicals themselves in the atmosphere I mean Neptune in your or so the other case in point a very blue Neptune is bluer than you and it's because it has a high content of methane what happens is that that methane absorbs the red lights coming from the sun and it bounces back the blue and this is why we see it so it's it's not inaccurate it's not just artistic license when we give planets color there is some genuine information coming back in the light from those planets which means we can see our look but they must have a lot of chemical x. In the atmosphere and we we give them that color with a reason absolute across Absolutely let's come back down to earth for a 2nd because this one I think is ideal for you Phillip it's coming from Lauren on Twitter and this is what she wants to know how does Perth you know what could I make my own curfew out of flowers as a present so something else is pretty and nice flowers coming make perfect from Yes well so a lot of the chemicals in Perth do actually come from flowers particularly Damascus roses and things like that things that are very highly scented but are a perf you a commercial perfume will be a mixture of many many ingredients and the more expensive perfumes can have hundreds of ingredients some of those are fragrance molecules and there will be some that are very light and they evaporate very easily and they give you a very floral sense but then there are some bigger heavier ones that might stick around a bit longer and give you the more Would your earthy sense and they might even be really horrible if you got them in high concentration but in the small concentrations that you find in perfect they they just add to that sense and that's all part of I mean our sense of smell is insanely complicated and when you're not really smelling individual molecules you're smelling a on sambal effect of all the molecules in there but the other thing that there isn't a commercial perfume is that there are things that will either help them or cues to stick to. Skin a bit more so that they released over time or they're just to stabilize it in words in the bottle so it doesn't go off if you make your own which is perfectly possible you can extract the scent compounds from the flowers petals which is where they're most concentrated using either hot water or sometimes oils or coconut oil or some no doubt it's perfectly possible but what you'll get is a less complex scent and it will probably not last very long because if you want to try and concentrate you have to heat it and then you can destroy some of the molecules of lead evaporate and that kind of thing so you might end up smelling but not the way you wanted to smell and 1st place Yeah and obviously if you pick the wrong flowers there's a potential hazard if you pick something that's that irritant or and if you're concentrating those things down so you have to be a bit careful about what you pick but you can definitely do it and there are recipes online that will tell you give you more detailed instructions so it could go wrong Be careful Matt Yeah so I'm I'm basing this on an episode of Futurama so you can see where our source a lot of my information from isn't like some horrible thing from a whale which is post provide a base for some of these things yes called ambergris it's basically whale vomit it sometimes gets washed up on the beach and people find it and it's it's worth a phenomenal amount of money like so you can in a couple of kilos and it might be worth hundreds of thousands of pounds we're going to the beach now Chris Rock. That's not really stinks does it have you have you found some no I've never found it but Boehner put it really if you get it in the pure form and in that kind of concentrated it really really reeks but in small amounts in the perfumes it smells it and it's like Musk from Yanks and stuff they really Reka if you get them concentrate Patrick here's a question for you from Katie can I change my d.n.a. What do you think about that one yeah I mean 10 years ago the answer probably would have been absolutely not but in the last 5 years or so there's been an amazing revolution in genome editing technologies so just a month or 2 ago the 1st f.d.a. Drug was approved to treat. Pretty rare form of blood cancer and the way that it works is actually by taking blood out of the patient editing the d.n.a. Of the immune cells so that they would target the cancer specifically and then putting them back into the patient to target it there's also other great examples like muscular dystrophy for instance so people have a genetic disease that causes their muscles to an art of Ela properly and there are there are peace now that have already worked in animals and they're starting to test them out on humans to actually go in and fix the mutation in the muscles so it's certainly possible would you do this at the moment though because there's been a lot of fanfare about the whole idea of going in and rewriting bits of d.n.a. But in the examples you've given one of them Kim Maria the drug that novo artists have got licensed that involves taking cells out of the body and changing them so that you know that when you put the cells back into the body you've got a reasonable degree of confidence that you've done something right and you're not introducing something you shouldn't in the case of muscular dystrophy the treatments there are a template like sticking plaster they're not physically rewriting that person's d.n.a. Are they but now we've got tools being developed an elaborate trees things like crisper where people could physically go into your body and reprogram the d.n.a. In your cells which is I think that's a bit different than the 2 examples you've discussed Yes So I definitely wouldn't try it at home and there are some people on the internet who will talk about biohacking editing room d.n.a. Certainly not safe and it probably doesn't do anything at this point where someone sent me a video to look at that she's making documentaries every least an hour but it was a chap who literally was doing doing this Gina dissing on himself at home in California and I was quite shocked to be honest I mean he was just injecting himself with a starting of a guy I am rewriting the d.n.a. In my muscles it sounds terrifying the dangerous Yeah and it's I mean I think it's pretty much snake oil there's I think the most likely thing that's going to happen to him is he'll accidently hurt himself you have billions of cells in your body and you've got to go in if you want to change the d.n.a. In all of them you've got to have some way to deliver. This crisper enzyme to every cell in your body so I think the more likely