2020 quantifier Hamdam park all of the birds the 89th minute when I scored just 2 minutes after Cyprus equalized keep Scotland leveling group by with Russia Northern Ireland B. Is stony a 21 but Wales lost to want to Croatia in the boss Phil Neville says he's confident forward Tony Dugan will be available for their Women's World Cup opener against Scotland later she left pre-match training with a thigh problem while Scotland manager Shelley Cass as she's got a fully fit squad and the pressure is 100 percent on England England's men balance back from defeat to Pakistan by beating Bangladesh by $106.00 runs at the Cricket World Cup a top score of $153.00 from Jason Roy helped the England hit their highest tournament total of $386.00 in Cardiff Australia's Ashley Barty says she's incredibly proud after winning her 1st Grand Slam singles title at the French Open today Austrian dominate team faces a leavened time champion Iraq file Nadal in the men's final at Roland Garros and Ferrari Sebastian Vettel will start on pole at the Canadian Grand Prix later after pipping Lewis Hamilton in the last few seconds of qualifying Bettles Ferrari teammate shell a class starts but this is B.B.C. Radio 5 Live on digital B.B.C. Sound Smart speaker. The weather is going to be a bright day for most of you cape with plenty of sunshine or was the cloud will tend to increase through the Often they would have scattered showers in the West in far north and some of these may turn thundery highs of 16 degrees falling on the schools extra The police easy Cricket World Cup. Such all 6 was put into the field to see noise today at 10 30 pm via the Australia really a battle going on here every bowl every pantry and every wicket with $5.00 and $5.00 large sports extra It sounded so good and keep up to date with the team as podcast download and subscribe using the B.B.C. Signs that the. It's breakfast in an hour with Chris and Charlie Webster 1st is this week's edition of 5 Live Science This is a pretty recorded programs of Please don't text oh cool. So welcome to 5 Live Science I'm from the Naked Scientist team and I was eke out for the Nation Science Team and in today's program tackling global warming could help to prevent heat fatalities what increasing plumbs light sensitivity could mean for food production and we'll hear about the 100000000 year old fossil of a beetle plus. It's the 1st in a series of extremes and today we're going extremely fast the naked scientists 5 Live. First up the story of human migration is one that we're still trying to account we know that all humans originated in Africa but once we left how did we manage to fail the entire planet it's new research may be able to shed some light on our journey as Adam if the reports. We think of north eastern Siberia is the most northeastern part of Russia we think of a cold place where humans couldn't live people do live there though and what archaeological records go back 30000 years the genetics of the people who live there can't be traced back cost about 10000 years published in Nature new work to D.N.A. From milk to be found in the region uncovered evidence of a previously unknown group of humans called the Yana people these people would predate the ancestors of Native Americans in Siberia and filling a huge gap in the story of human migration. I spoke to. The University of Cambridge and what got him interested in a story like this in the 1st place well I always been interested in the people. Because when I was young in my late teens and early twenty's as been time as an explorer and also a trap in northeastern Siberia so that was before I became a scientist but I was always wondering back then why do we have all these people speaking different languages having different lifestyles and what relationship to Native Americans which at just on the other side of the Bering Strait What did he find out that we basically have the population history of. And does being a lot of mystery connected to that story because the record goes back more than 30000 years for this area if you look at. Bill and their genetics it's just that the history is no older than a 1000 years so by sequencing ancient skeleton remains we have found out that there has been at least 3 migration of people into north eastern Siberia and the earliest one dating back to 31000 years this is from 2 tiny found at a site called the Yana cycle to the Yana river and these people and people that we didn't know before it's a very old people that diversified approximately at the same time when Europeans and Asians are developing as distinct groups so those are actually kind of a 3rd branch and. People but that a novel extinct these IANA people the story of modern Siberians and also of Native Americans Native Americans many people thought that the end systems of Native Americans must have been the 1st people in Siberia but they're not they're actually the 2nd migration coming up the and they are mixing up and replacing. Yana people and then the 3rd migration happening within the last 10000 years and this is the one giving Vice to most Siberian people to date but getting D.N.A. At of 30000. Be easy How did they manage it while that was also a challenge because normally when you use the rule of the 2 and the crown you know we basically those we don't believe those much do you need an ID so we are keeping that and returning it to the museums and so forth but in this case there was almost no material gift in these tiny tiny milk teeth so we asked permission to basically polarize the crown and we got that permission and that was beautiful D.N.A. Preserved in the crown of and we reconstructed and very high quality genomes the climate of the world isn't exactly the most inviting How did these people adapt to live there that is the interesting pot I think because we always think of north eastern Siberia as one of the most hostile environments right I mean it's one of the coldest areas on earth temperatures cool down below minus 60 degree sell shoes and you know it's just not a place where we expect it humans would like to please and the view has been that the population history of northeastern Siberia has been very simple Right I mean it's not like many migration so many different people wanted to go up there but we can see this is definitely wrong I mean it's just as you can see dynamic as you know the prehistory of Europe for example and it's probably because one thing in the equation we forget about when we think about all. Day is that back in the icy times this was an area full at diverged for one of mammals that was mammoth woolly mammoth a rhinoceros. It's horses bison it's Iraq and what we can see is that the jhana people up there 31000 years ago with the spitting hundreds were maimed in living from the mammoth and believe rhinoceros soldiers probably be very productive peace and even though it's cold and windy and do well. You're probably freezing your body of they are well at least there was a lot of food. That was S.K. Vilest of speaking to Adam iffy about his paper published in the journal Nature it's been widely reported this week that to reason may raise the issue of climate change with Donald Trump during his state visit to the U.K. This comes as scientists from the University of Bristol say that preventing extreme global warming could stop thousands of people from dying of heat they claim that to achieve this every country needs to ramp up its climate commitments to reach the Paris agreements target of limiting the global temperature increase to one and a half to Greece Celsius by looking at cities in the U.S. This is the 1st study to examine how dangerous the heat impacts on humans will get if global warming goes above 2 degrees reporter Phil Sands and spoke to the paper's lead author Eunice low hundreds to thousands of paid for that that's could be avoided if we limit global warming to one of the half the great Sosias is a substantial number based on the current climate commitments we are probably heading toward a 3 degree warming so this is why higher than the one and a half or 2 degrees per fee in the Paris agreement and so fast that they end up that's what would be the public health benefits of increasing our climate action to achieve the Paris agreements go so what exactly did you do we have paid her from the period of 1987 to 2000 of baby temperature. And also by any council small Totty of 15 cities in the United States were all U.S. Cities U.S. Cities and they all rather populated or major U.S. Cities part of the funding for the paper was from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the United States and also the United States has more house by Utah and weather stations ita than many other places in the world so that was another reason why we chose to study the United States OK so you had the state and from the 15 cities What did you do with it we found relationships between temperature and mortality so we were able to then say for example 25 degrees Celsius in New York City the multiple to risk and so with this relationship we combined it with future climate projections to estimate which are multiple levels it's as simple as that you could just find the relationship and then apply it to you know what we know about future temperatures a lot more complexity in the modeling side of things we have to create a scene Ariosto describe the one and a half degree 2 degrees for the great wealth to create the results we have found that hundreds to thousands of heat related that that would aka in the current charge actually of 3 degree wrote that could be avoided if we limit the global warming to one and a half degree so essentially the money that's to be presented if we increase climate action Yes it seems like a lot in itself but in a city of maybe millions of people now $1000.00 people isn't that many do you think that's like the full picture I think you think this is a significant result because obviously within Swans huge increases in heat related mortality in a woman wrote and hundreds to thousands of people per city in a certain year it's kind of a lot him open and are there any other factors that weren't included that could potentially make things easier or could make things worse. Yes we have paid off that the on current population and not included any you know population growth in the future I may also have been included an aging population in our study people who are 65 years old or both almost a perceptible to heat related mortality than younger people so these factors could increase at the most in terms of the number of heat related but on the other hand if there were future at the patient matches for example if there is better health care or there is an improved early warning system for extreme high temperature or heat waves then these at the patient mushes could also reduce the number of heat related deaths and so the takeaway message here is that region know at that time it's also very important and could prevent access a patient of a large increases in His related mortality in the future sobering research absolutely vital that was due to slow speaking to fill some sim and you can read that study in the journal Science advances You're listening to 5 science with me is the clock and with Casey Haleigh still to come the 100000000 year old remains of a beetle and we're going extremely fast but now it's time for our usual myth conception and this week Matthew Hall has been fired up about the temperature of metal palms on the cooked food within them. have you ever made a cake i'm quite the fan of baking sweets but one thing i could do without is when the siri hot sheep and sneaks its way onto your skin and you're left with an annoying burn for the rest of the day whether you of a fancy for baking or not it has a common notion that you stay away from the hot metal but the same is not said for the food that's been on the heat for just as long i mean you preheat the oven you mixer batter you put the cake in the pan and the new pop the cake and the pan in the oven at the same time the only difference in the end is that you can make the mistake of touching the sugary sweet surface of the cake and walk out unscathed why are the cake in the pan not the same temperature are cakes breaking the laws of physics temperature change has been a well known mathematical topic to humans sins noon publish his law of cooling early in the 1700s the law states that the rate of change of temperature or have fasten object it's hotter colder is proportional to the different between that objects temperature and the temperature of the objects surroundings also known as the ambient temperature applying the odd to the cake in the hop pen one would find that the rate of temperature change is the same since the cake in the pan are both the same temperature that is make any sense though sing that one of these objects literally burns you and the other does not do not fret the issue is not the cake you were still a wonderful chef the issue lies in the belief that he change and temperature change are the same concept which is the in correct consensus he change or better known as he transfer mathematically depends on the little concept known as the heat transfer coefficient the co-efficient varies as the material of an object varies and we can be cern that cakes and medal pans are not the same substance without getting into the nitty gritty the math though the higher the heat transfer co fission is for an object the easier it is for that object to take away or give you heat energy Picture this you're in your room which is a comfy 22 degrees Celsius and you reach for your metal door knob if you touch it and it feels cold but the wood door itself feels room temperature this is because metal has a rather high heat transfer coefficient which means it is much better Acca ducting heat away from your hand as the heat leaves your hand and warms the metal you experience a sensation of cold that the wood door cannot replicate unless chilled to a much lower temperature back to the cake that left the oven it turns out that the cake is in fact just as hot as the metal pen the metal is simply better at conducting the heat energy to your hand a little too good if you ask me next time you're about casually baking with your buds ask them which they think is hotter and be ready the pull of the monitor out on them you'll be the victor of a rather heated debate and be able to eat your cake as well and if you've had any suspicious sounding science send it into 5 Live Science at B.B.C. U.K. And we'll take a look when a rising global population and the impending impacts of climate change we need more faith unreliable faith sources safeguarded for the future but very unlike levels means that plant growing conditions aren't always consistent as Katie has been investigating. Imagine a plant growing in a field give it carbon dioxide and water and sunlight and it makes energy and oxygen but it's getting another light to fight the synthesize isn't always easy cloudy days overhanging trees being overshadowed by tall across can limit your life exposure in 10 can impact the palms growth and therefore how much food you have. Were obviously facing aims. And the amount of land that we're able to use to grow crops and with global population and increase climate change being what it is we really need to focus on improving the old with the land that we can use and trying to cope with situations where the light actually might be limiting. Out this week is news that by upping the sensitivity of a protein that cold water mites might capture Johnny hot from Cold Spring Harbor the bar tree in New York formerly of the University of Glasgow and her colleagues have been able to grow plants in low light conditions in the lab Janie tweak the genes of a protein called to try pen which coordinate some process is important for photosynthesis it can make leaves for Lata which increases the surface area for light absorption and it can encourage the photosynthesis hubs within prompt cells known as chloroplasts to me the round and get in the best position for light capture when light becomes a really limiting factor and their growth the course lasts will accumulate Avatar the leaf they're able to get more light than they kid if they were randomly dispersed in the south because Photoshop in the protein that we work with actually is in control of this process at a cellular level when you make it more sensitive the clerk class are much much better at positioning themselves at the top of the cell to get the most light that they can under conditions where there's not very much light at all. So how did they manage to make this happen look at the light something bit of this protein is pretty well studied so by drawing on previous work Jamie was able to in a test tube see how long various mutated forms of the protein stayed active in response to light and then after we identified the best candidates we actually introduced imitation. Into the proteins in plants so we turned the lights down way low where the plants are growing and try to see whether the plants performed better under these low light conditions compared to plants that were not modified. So by altering this light sensitive protein to act as if it were in high level light conditions even when it's not Janie study plants were able to grow even one levels below what is actually happening in the protein is that a chemical bond forms between one part of the protein and another part of the protein and life and the protein becomes active and is able to actually make it signal like haters like here eventually this bond breaks and the protein goes back to a start state so it's no longer signalling And so what we did was we made chemical modifications to the slate process that made this bond more stable which means that it retains this light state for a longer period of time it is able to signal for a longer and the really important part of this even if the light goes away you still are acting like you are being grown and a life and this is really what enables it to be more efficient than normal plants. Now how much more plants you can grow or how bad the light levels have to be on the plants will still grow depend on the plant itself cautions training and so far this changes only been made in study problems in the bark tree making these kinds of modifications can also mentally focus on bank growth sometimes on under certain conditions so you really would have to test a specific crop plant in order to see whether it would work properly or work out in an agricultural situation but you can imagine that it is the plants are being grown in a so Bob some all like condition or in a canopy somehow that you actually might be able to improve their growth under this situation and that's really the kind of application that you can do with this work . So watch this space or perhaps in future watch this field J.D. Hot on the paper has just been published in The Journal P N A S. Next today. The fielder at a park introduced many people to the idea that inception the era of the dinosaurs occasionally ended up trapped in tree resin that became fossilized around them and to preserve them to an incredible degree the film then took the story line off into the realms of science fiction but what researchers can learn from these sorts of specimens is very much science fact Chris Smith spoke with Joe Palca he thinks he stumbled upon the 100000000 year old remains of a beetle that has a very special relationship with ants what we have here is an impostor of the earliest known and societies the beetle that targeted the 1st colonies formed by and that we know about in the fossil record and used what we think a chemical and behavioral strategies to infiltrate colonies of these earliest ants and forge a kind of socially parasitic relationship where the beetle is tricking that and into gaining