I don't welcome to News Hour from the B.B.C. World Service coming to you live from London I'm James Kamar Sami in a moment we'll be going to Delhi and Islam about as tension in the disputed territory of Kashmir grows also the lunatic line that was the name that was given to the original railway built across Kenya by the British and not everyone thinks that a new railway line will be much better it's a white elephant We don't need it is the most expensive single predictor of Dan and it's not economically viable now in the future and. This is the kinks and dedicated follower of fashion eagerly pursuing all the latest fads and trends there but who should be leading the agenda is a glossy magazines or fashion bloggers. We begin though with the sound of sabers being rattled in the disputed and highly volatile region of Kashmir India and Pakistan have argued over its sovereignty for decades today they're arguing over the military action that was taken overnight by India along the line of control which separates the 2 parts of Kashmir which are administered by the regional deeply arrivals 2 weeks after militants attacked an Indian military base in the Kashmiri town of Gori killing 18 soldiers the Indian army says it has carried out surgical strikes on militant positions across the Line of Control left in a general Ranveer Singh is India's director general of military operations P S 2 on very specific and credible information which we received yesterday that some of this teams had positioned themselves in fact launch pads along the line of control. With an aim to carry out in preparation and did this strikes in Jim went bush meat and video of the metro's in our country. The Indian Army conducted 30 strikes last night at these launch pads. The hope regions but busy could be focused to ensure that these terrorists do not succeed in their design of infiltration and getting out destruction and endangered the lives of citizens of our country. Well Pakistan has condemned what it called an unprovoked attack in which it says that 2 of its soldiers were killed the Pakistani defense minister who watch a safe had this response. Bad may Durata you know. This episode occurred in the early morning and they have done this in a very deliberate and pre-planned manner yet they were saying these things for the last few days to satisfy their people and the media and that's why they have made this attempt with God's grace we have given an appropriate response and God willing if they violate the line of control again the Pakistan army will give an appropriate response when we asked for a response from both the Pakistani and the Indian governments but neither of them were able to give someone for interview this is all happening of course at a time when Indian administered Kashmir has been experiencing several weeks of violence and seen dozens of deaths and demonstrations which followed the killing there of a popular militant by Indian forces where we're going to hear from Islamabad later in the program but we can cross now to Delhi and speak to the B.B.C.'s Zubair mate who's in the Indian capital what is actually known about the strikes Well the officials have not given many details in India they have been claimed by India but they have been come to claims by Pakistan what we know is that some kind of action took place after midnight. This morning early this morning by Indian soldiers across the Line of Control that divides the disputed territory of Kashmir India calls it surgical strikes but we don't know how many people were killed soldiers were killed and civilians were killed how deep inside the Pakistani territory Indian soldiers went in who they engaged with we don't really know but Pakistan has reacted by saying it was a routine exchange of fire between the 2 armies which. Often happens on the line of control since 948 when the 2 armies came face to face the Pakistani Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has condemned what he called the attack and called it unilateral aggressive act his statement suggested that 2 Pakistani army soldiers were killed we had there from the Pakistani defense minister talking about an appropriate response is there a sense that the the rhetoric and attention is being ratcheted up I think so. I also spoke to couple of officials in Pakistan and they say there have been maintaining maximum restraint but when the time is right they will also respond to Indian action but so far. There has been euphoria in India there was a pressure a lot of pressure. Mr Morsi was facing after the recent tax in which 18 Indian soldiers were killed that India should take retaliatory action and now that the Indian government has announced surgical strikes people are happy but of course the Indian Army officials have also said that they're ready for any action from the side of Pakistan and they stand quite a lot of Pakistanis talking about this is just routine cross border skirmishes What do people in India think is happening at the moment it comes in the context of the unrest in Indian administered Kashmir are these 2 lines if you like of violence being linked in India. Well if you look at social media in India you will find people are congratulating each other they are congratulating the Indian army and the Indian prime minister. Even the opposition leaders are busy trying to you know . Talking nicely about the Indian army but of course there are some people who are suggesting that this is good or only be an act by the Indian government to. Pander to the media and also to the people who wanted some kind of action against Mike is that this may not necessarily be a surgical strike that this could also be just a kind of exchange of fire across on the L.L.C. But the way the media is receiving the information everybody seems to be very happy Zubair thanks very much the B.B.C.'s about Ahmed there in the Indian capital Delhi we will be hearing from our correspondent in Islamabad a bit later on in the program and if you want to get more insight into the complexities of the disputed Kashmir I'd strongly recommend you download the podcast of last week's edition of NEWS HOUR extra with my colleague I mean Bennett joins. There are only 6 countries in the world where abortion is completely illegal where a woman can be prosecuted for having a terminations in whatever the circumstances one of those countries is Chile and the country's 1st ever woman president is trying to change that now by introducing a bill that would allow abortion under certain circumstances but in a conservative and religious country Michelle Bachelet is facing tough opposition from Santiago research Acrobat he reports to the president of Chile at an event in downtown Santiago to confound gender stereotypes. Michelle Bachelet in both eyes what she's promoting she leads a country that remains dominated by men and she's made to criminalizing abortion commission I believe that. Women should have legally they will civility of making their own choices in this country until now this is criminal act if you interrupt your pregnancy. It will you will go to jail and I believe this is not fair I think women should have the possibility of making their own choices. Among Chile appears sophisticated and liberal here in the capital you see gay couples holding hands and a strong alternative street culture but some old attitudes enjoy abortion here is completely banned forcing women sometimes into terrible dilemma. By how and Andre are in their early forty's and both have palmed pregnancies but they were carrying fetuses which had no chance of survival neither was allowed an abortion even though Andrea's life was under threat doctors told power to pray both had to carry their babies for months and give birth to them without any hope they'd live and. I felt just like a song like The Walking Dead who just had to get up every day without wanting to live it was torture less. Than a bit of the For my part I feel powerless having to live this process after having my torture to tear. I suffer unnecessarily not just me and my family as well until this day previous governments have tried to liberalize the law but President Bachelet bill has already gone much further down the legislative process than any before I told her what happened to power and Andrea well liked I think it's awful it's awful because I have her friends to have gone through that process and usually it really sort of emotionally destroys the person there are some people who might be able to live with it and that's OK but there's a lot of people who really. The story emotionally afterwards and their lives are changed forever so that's why we do believe they should have the possibility to buy them on what is what they prefer. Yes. I'm here in a very busy market in Chile 2nd largest city Valparaiso there are lots of people out shopping buying fruit vegetables buying flowers is very colorful very lively that a lot of the polls here suggest that the majority of Chilean society is in favor of President Bachelet spill her bill is quite restrictive it only allows abortion cases where the pregnancy is the result of a break but the mother's life is in danger over the fetus is completely and viable . The whole is didn't lose the proposal remains very controversial and the opposition is spearheaded by the church services this is an Anglican church where typical service is much rock'n'roll is religion Catholicism remains dominant in Chile but all the churches have united against the abortion bill this is no exception with congregation members enthusiastically spilling out into the courtyard to sign a big petition against it. But. The glory of the church is a haven she had an abortion at the age of only 12 after being raped by a cousin and she's never got over it idea. Abortion sold nothing she says. Your in my case if I had a choice I would have had my daughter I mean but it wasn't by choice abortion scars you for life before and after it's cost you less negatively for life and nothing good comes out of that for sure nothing other than I want that Malar now on our now some say women's rights was sidelined in Chile as it struggled to get over its violent past on the military dictatorship of General Pinochet President Bachelet is trying to change that crucially she does have the majority of the public behind her supporting her bid to give Chile's women the choice the mothers were denied I'm the 1st female president elected them to live and I'm the 2nd president elected twice since 1920 or something like that. And for me that's why it's so important because I I really believe we need to go faster to expand women's rights Chile's president Michelle Bachelet and during that report from Santiago by Rita Chakrabarti You're listening to NEWS HOUR from the B.B.C. World Service. Coming up later on in the program the Italian prime minister who's facing a referendum of his own tells us that Britain must stick with its vote to leave the E.U. When the seizure of British people is bad the seizure in my mind and there is sad for that but if we don't accept their result of referral their escape is give them a soldier democracy is not an asset for me is a cult it and this is impossible might have the headlines at this hour the Indian army says it has launched strikes against militants along the defacto border with Pakistan in Tash Mir Pakistan says that 2 of its soldiers were killed in what it's called unprovoked aggression and Russia has accused the United States of resorting to threats and blackmail in their dispute over how to stop the war in Syria. You're listening to the B.B.C. World Service this is NEWS HOUR coming to life my studio is in London with me James Kim are some of Kenya's 1st colonial era cross country railway it was known as the lunatic line because of its high cost and the tough conditions of the workers who built it man eating lions were just $1.00 of the threats Well more than a 100 years later China is providing the money and the technology for a new multi-billion dollar line but with some of the same challenges as its predecessor is this project an entirely sane undertaking Alistair Leith and reports from Nairobi. The men who build Kenya's 1st railway more than a century ago would be amazed by the speed and the efficiency of today's mechanized trucks playing train. That piled high with preassembled sections of line picked up the mower just in front of the engine by crane and then secured the embankment the train laid the track as it rolls along back in 1906 it was a lot harder it was a feat of engineering that cost a fortune and many lives climbing up from the coast to Nairobi cutting through swamps and Savannah all the time risking malaria and lions it was dubbed the lunatic line this was their last of the Lions killed in a suburb where. The killing people didn't they local structural. And curator at Nairobi Railway Museum the money to really cause havoc in the historial a construction the lightest money to kill I don't want to get 100 people 100 by the line but total number of people died maybe because of diseases and other natural causes was 4000 people but for each of my 4 people to eat. So truly was a lunatic left in that sense and logic like you but yes. Today the cost is still astronomical Kenya's new standard gauge railway is being built by a Chinese company with billions of borrowed Chinese money which will have to be paid back critics like Economist David I think it's lunacy it's a white elephant We don't need it. It is the most expensive project in the project we've done and it's not economically viable now in the future he thinks Kenya is taking on too much debt for big projects that won't make enough to pay back the loans you're already beginning to see the impact of these borrowings on government finances debt service is going to consume almost half of it and these projects are not yet leaving any in return we are working ourselves into some kind of fiscal crisis in a couple of years. And now construction is encroaching on to Nairobi National Park where lions stalking prey with a backdrop of the city's skyscrapers they've cut across the corner here through the park and and they've put lots of pillows up in the air basically and they're going to build a railway track across the top and to the child as a tourist lodge on the edge of the park this bit of incursion into the park we were not consulted at all it was done without asking us I think it'll change the park forever it's not going to be a wild any anymore you can have a bridge across it. I think the message is to try and avoid cutting into the park any more and to go around the park on something here up on a hill overlooking this way the Nairobi National Park the sun is just setting behind the hills in the far distance and this is the route that the railway is expected to take 6 kilometers right across the middle of a park raised up on concrete pillars and although it will take 18 months to be built in 3 sections one will disrupt the wildlife in the park can you Wildlife Service say that the animals are much more resilient than you might think K.W.'s will be working with a contract to make sure that the construction will be as least disruptive as possible and as an environmentally friendly as possible Italy in Bath is director general of Kenya Wildlife Service He says other more expensive plans would permanently destroyed Parkland So we were between a rock and a hard place either give up 50 hectors increase the cost by 50 percent or have the least obtrusive bridge across the park cotillion bath either the director of Kenya's Wildlife Service sending that report by Alistair Lee thread. Scientists that Oxford University trying to find out why around 10 percent of children with HIV don't develop AIDS people without treatment have discovered that their immune systems share the same characteristics as those of monkeys which had a similar response to the virus let me hear more about the discovery and its implications from Philip gold a professor of immunology at Oxford who led the research study it was read designed to try and find out why it is that children don't regress to disease from ancient infection when in fact children generally regress much more rapidly than adults and what we found was that although they have very high levels of virus which in adults is normally associated with rapid progression to disease in these children they. They had no disease because their mean system essentially ignores the virus and doesn't make a big response to it why did that happen we don't know the fundamental reason why this 5 to 10 percent are different one of the findings that we made here was that the levels of C Z R 5 which is a receptor that lets the virus into the city for target cells the levels of C survival very low in critical cells that normally live a long time and so as a result these cells were still living a long time in these children whereas in children who progress a disease they tend to get killed by the virus so the observation is very similar in fact what is seen in the natural hosts of the monkey version of HIV in more than 40 species of monkey in Africa who have hundreds of thousands of years and lived quite happily with as I've interaction without any disease and they seem to use a similar sort of mechanism so one we are now seeing in these children and as the fact that they don't progress to full blown AIDS as children necessarily mean that they might actually progress to AIDS when they're adults Well I think that they do at least I think a proportion of them certainly 2 of the children we followed as they progress towards adolescence and adolescence starts much end of the month thinks in particular in African females and this is starting so in 789 years of age so the hormones that are associated with the development of puberty have a big impact on an insistent and I think as immune system transitions from a child immune system to an adult's mean response in some cases you see progression to AIDS in these children so in terms of. The application of your findings could this lead to new immune based therapies Well that would be the hope I mean the mainstay of treatment for people with HIV infections clearly and threat from therapy not stopping people who would have developed age from developing AIDS as a result of a child the only problem with that is that although people are being successfully treated with Answer Trump therapy they're not helping AIDS their immune system is still running in overdrive relative to people who have been at H.M.P. And the results of that is that more likely to be at risk of diseases typically said to set it aging like cardiovascular disease cancers and so on and so there is a need for additional sense right from therapy to try and tweak the immune system a little bit further so it's it doesn't result in these non-agency as you noted diseases that people with H.L.V. Have even when they're on interact from therapy and that was Professor Philip gold out of Oxford University on his research into the temper central site of children with HIV who don't go on to develop AIDS you're listening to the B.B.C. World Service this is NEWS HOUR coming to you live from London. This is the B.B.C. World Service where our roots trip looking back at Barack Obama's presidency is coming to an end. Up over from Afghanistan some great photos don't change the world . It's scary to find a job to pay a decent wage for my experience to still blame for that even though the economic downturn churn away before you came in office. Or your exit a mask. Drop the basket in your head when Barack Obama was running for president the B.B.C. Traveled across the USA talking to people about cakes and face a No 8 years ago shelters a possibility of change now we conclude I may tend to close people I'm chasing some people just given up hope of forest ever again battle golden age