Ellen they want the uk to stay. All of them want them to stay. Germany, the biggest economy in the eu, wants them to stay. The only country where a large number of people really were not sure what they thought was poland. I cannot explain that. Lisa but it is interesting. Ellen it is interesting. In the uk the polls are looking more and more like people want to leave. It really shows that there are big differences. David the issue is trade mostly . Ellen the issue is trade. Although now they have a lot of stories pointing out that the uk has a lot of economic problems, but many have nothing to do with the eu. A lot of people really want out. Lisa how much of this has to do with immigration . It is a big concern that people have. When somebody comes into one country, they can go into any of them. And there is sort of a wave washing over. Ellen and they are worried about jobs. Outside of the uk david the stay camp. Ellen they want them. Lisa it will be interesting to see if more people would become comfortable with the idea of leaving is a growing number of people in the uk are voting for a brexit. Ellen it will. People dont exactly know what the new uk will look like once they leave the eu. There are a lot of open questions. Lisa lets get to the special global tech edition. There was a story about glaxosmithkline. These grain sized implants to treat diseases. Nanobots. Can you talk about that . Ellen they really are investing on tiny, tiny devices. Some the size of a grain of rice, if not smaller. The idea is these devices would send electrical impulses to the right nerves. They would kind of wrap around nerves, like a doughnut, and send messages. Part of the trick is to figure out which nerves they want to send messages to and whether those messages are going to be received by the brain. But it is a whole new area. They are in pretty deep. David glaxo is betting big on this. This is a company that is not had success with many rounds of pharmaceuticals lately. Some drugs are becoming ready for generic treatment soon. They are betting big on this. Lisa how do they get electricity into these little nanobots . Do they have little mini batteries . Ellen batteries are getting smaller and smaller. When it comes to medical devices they given implanting batteries implanting been batteries for a long time. Pacemakers and then internal heart defibrillators. Thisll be a more advanced version of that. Lisa what kind of diseases can these potentially be used to treat . Ellen i think they are looking at a wide variety, neurological diseases. Potentially cancers. It is sort of an open question. They are looking at lots. David you profile another company, one that is very sciencedriven. The article centers on a guy who had been offered a tenuretrack job in academia. He was lured away. He was working very closely with genes here, gene therapy. Ellen that is all about the devotion of figuring out how to manipulate dna to change and to change asthma and a whole variety of ailments by targeting the right genes. We have a photo of him with his incredible looking piece of machinery. You look at it and you think, genes . This looks like something that would create steel. Lisa one thing i found fascinating about this story was the rags to riches element of it. Here is somebody came from an immigrant family, who had a job, a tenured professor. Think heprofessor, i had a full scholarship to start his own lab. Yet he chose to go to this startup. Did you find a lot of Tech Companies were sort of these ellen well, that is sort of a Silicon Valley is partly about. People taking enormous risks and then following their passions. I think you will find throughout this issue is all about passion. At the end there also happens to be a lot of money. What is also interesting about the issue is how global it is. We have a line on the cover which is 70 Silicon Valleyfree. So much of this is going on all over the world. It is not just in california. Lisa we talked to the reporter on that story. Adam one thing that fascinated me was it took almost two decades for them to get a successful drug. David there were failures along the way . Adam they ran on ideas for a really long time. Straight out of the gate they developed a technology that was so exciting that they got amgen involved. They kicked in 100 million, they got a partnership and went public and raised 96 million. The first drug to treat lou gehrigs disease failed. The stock plummeted from 16 to four dollars. Most Drug Companies would of got away, but atgone the same time there is more exciting science going on. The team at the time count technology that got them on the covers of science and nature magazine. He was cited all the time. The stock had tanked but he was becoming this famous scientist. Soon after they were able to ink another 100 millionplus deal with Johnson Johnson that also went under. When Johnson Johnson pulled out of that, they were developing one of their other proprietary technologies, this amazing, almost scifi mouse where they subbed in human genes for the immune system. And so they could test out antibodies on it. Lisa how much leeway does a company like region are on regeneronpany like have to explore and have Research Development and really invest in that before coming up with a drug that really is incredibly profitable and could actually create some value . Adam they kept finding ways to the science was exciting enough that they kept finding ways to raise more money. They did go through some lean years around the early 2000s where they had to have layoffs and things like that. It does not seem like they ever had a dry period in terms of scientific discovery. They were always moving forward on that front. Since they were scientists, they were not panicking. They were looking for the long game. It is surprising. It took a long time. In fact, the breakout drug they developed in the 1990s. Lisa what does that treat . Adam macular degeneration, one of the leading causes of vision loss. Mainly on the strength of the drug that their stock has risen almost 2000 , which is what makes him a paper millionaire. David what is this company like today, and what are the aspirations Going Forward here . You mentioned they had some failures along the way. This ocular drug was a success. What is it looking forward to doing . Adam it on the frontier of the genetics revolution. What they are doing is interesting. It is sort of why i wanted to write about them. They have inked partnerships with a whole bunch of different researchers around the world. There is a researcher who studies mennonite populations. There was a researcher who studies families down in texas. There is a Large Health Care system which is collecting dna samples from about 250,000 of their patients. What they are looking for is people with rare mutations. A lot of this started when they found a bunch of people down in texas that had abnormally low cholesterol. They isolated this through genetic mutation and that has led to some exciting new drugs to treat cholesterol. Lisa up next, we hear from the company developing a breathalyzer to measure thc, otherwise known as pot. David and the epiphany that led to a booming ocean turbine business. Lisa the garage is where some of the worlds most prolific inventors are burning the midnight oil. David all that ahead on Bloomberg Businessweek. Lisa welcome back to Bloomberg Businessweek. I am lisa abramowicz, in for carol massar. David i am david gura. You can also listen to us on the radio on sirius xm channel 119, am 1130 in new york, fm 99. 1 in washington, d. C. Lisa in this weeks global tech edition, the British Defense contractor who is developing a weed breathalyzer . David we spoke to the cto. Jeff in states Like Washington and colorado and perhaps in d. C. Where marijuana has been legalized, we were looking down the road and deciding that at some point Law Enforcement officials will have the need to decide whether a driver is driving under the influence of thc, marijuana. We knew in our company we had technology that we could leverage and bring to bear on the problem of how do you detect when someone has consumed it without an invasive test . We decided one day that if you could develop a breathalyzer to do this, that would be the ideal approach. We have had a relationship with Washington State university for almost 15 years. Right about the time that we saw the opportunity to develop a him in product to do this we found out our good friends at Washington State, professor hill and his graduate students, were looking at the same problem. Professor hill understands the science of measurement of these kinds of materials. He also knew we had technology that he be brought to bear on the problem. We decided to develop this partnership. David there is a standard metric when you breathalyze someone for alcohol, you know they have violated the law. We dont have the same metrics here for driving under the influence of marijuana. Is that standard going to be coming . What is going to bring that awhat is going to bring that about . Jeff i know in the state of washington there is a level of thc you are allowed to have in your blood. If you exceed that level, you are considered impaired. We dont know about the policy. We are not lawyers. David it doesnt matter to you guys . You are out to detect it. Doesnt matter what the level is. Lisa that raises an interesting point. In other words, the threshold have to be very low. It has to be incredibly sensitive tests . Jeff the instrument is able to detect very minute quantities. The level of thc we have been able to detect is 10 picograms, a particle of thc can be detected by our instrument now. David sounds small. That is small. Lisa so small you have never heard of it. Jeff many of your viewers may not know what a picogram is. As a reference, an e. Coli bacteria is about 10 picograms in mass. You are talking about detecting particles that are not visible to the eye. David aspiring inventors never know when or where they would get the next idea. Herbert williams got his idea in prison. Lisa that idea, an undersea turbine, made him rich. Reporter once in a while i get to cover outside inventors. What that means is people with no real engineering background who obtain patents and are able to get their idea out to the world and be successful. Herbert williams made millions on this invention. He had Little College background. He was a dropout. He built boats. He was a handson guy. He was a crab fisherman in alaska. A lot of different jobs. Fished for turtles in florida, which im not even sure what that means. His cv runs the gamut. Certainly no official schooling. Lisa and no turbines. David hes made a lot of money off of this. He has had investors in his newest project as well. Describe where he works. It is a pretty big compound. Reporter thats right. The ocean turbines started generating revenue for his small company. He put that into a wind turbine company that is a whole different take on the typical threebladed turbines you see out in wind farms. These are very much like an ocean turbine. 10 blades. Looks like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. The u. S. Department of energy has been very interested in this technology. They say it ports well to rural areas and gets small gusts and low altitude and can be used to pump water, run tools, generate electricity. And so his vision for that is to one day have these in the ocean on a Floating Wind farm to help generate electricity. Lisa you talked about his time in prison and how he came out of prison with these drawings. How did his time in prison inform his design of these turbines . Reporter when i talked to herbert, he was reluctant to talk about prison. It was an awful time. The first couple of years, understandably, are just very hard. Apparently they got a little easier as conditions got better. Towards the end he met a fellow prisoner who taught him technical drawings. He started making blueprints, dozens of them, of marine contraptions. He started learning a trade. When he left jail he left for a tiny rural town where nobody would know him. He received 27 from the federal officials. He had his blueprints with him. So that is how he started. David up next, why democrats hope the way hillary handled Bernie Sanders puts her in a better position to handle donald trump. Lisa and are investors expecting too much from brazils acting president . David welcome back to Bloomberg Businessweek. I am david gura. Lisa i am lisa abramowicz, in for carol massar. In the politics and policies section, why political ads may be about to get ugly. David we talked to reporter josh green. Josh there is a new premium on personal attacks. Deal technique is you do not old technique is you do not want your candidate saying mean things because it will poison their image with the public. You outsource it to a tv ad. Now trump, as he has in so many ways, set a new standard by showing that if you make a personal attack in front of the camera, that will travel very quickly throughout the media ecosphere. Lisa josh, taking a step back, can you talk about why the democratic primaries have been so free of negative advertisements . In contrast with Donald Trumps new standards . Josh i think there are a couple of reasons. One of the reasons is despite the vitriolic way in which the campaign has been covered, especially on cable news, both Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders are very popular with democratic voters. You run a risk of offending those voters if you run negative ads against an opponent that is also very wellliked. I think really what it came down to was a pair of idiosyncrasies. In sanders case, he doesnt believe in running negative ads and explicitly told his senior advisers dont you dare run negative ads. Clinton, for her part, believes very much in negative ads. We remember the 3 00 a. M. Ad in 2008. She has no problem with those kinds of ads in theory. In this case you realize early on that Bernie Sanders has a lot of supporters, a lot of energy. If i attack him for being a socialist or whatever, im really going to potentially hurt myself and my ability to win the voters over. As we can see from the tightness of the trumpclinton matchup, she will need those voters. Lisa is donald trump in a worseoff position because how Much Negative campaigning he did . Josh donald trump is his own walking, talking negative ad for himself. He does a lot of the work that his opponents would ordinarily have to outsource to tv ads. I think the implication here, and i think clintons people to a large extent believe this, that it is trumps own mouth that will hurt him. It is not necessarily 100 million in negative ads. Lisa josh, hold on right there. Some could argue this is the reason why he is in the position he is in today, because hes gotten so much free advertising from some of the outrageous things he has said. Josh well, sure, and that helped him in the republican primary where a lot of the people agree with a lot of the outrageous things he said. But he is running for the president now in a general election with a much broader electorate who does not automatically share a lot of those views. David this weeks Global Economic section, why investors may be expecting too much from brazils acting president. Reporter they believe in the government. They are very handson in terms of handling economic policies. They are scared about the economic slowdown. So they inject a lot of credit into the markets using state banks. It worked for a while until it didnt work. David yeah. Lisa sounds familiar. [laughter] lisa given the new budget proposal, where have the biggest cuts been proposed . Ye some of the cuts they are mostly focused on the spending part of it. In brazil situation, there is less room to maneuver. Most of the spending is mandatory, like 80 is mandatory. It is protected by the congress. To make some room, they have to amend the congress. Some of the cuts in social spending and health care. These are the two biggest areas. David what does this situation portend for other countries in latin america . I think of venezuela to the northwest where things are probably not much better. Maybe a bit worse. Are other countries watching brazil . Ye it is interesting. I think its probably a global phenomenon. People are fed up with the establishment. In the u. S. You have the rise of donald trump. In latin america, because people are so upset with the economic slowdown over the last couple of years, they are shifting to the right from the left. Brazil is one example. Dilma rousseff is on her way out. Argentina is another one. People are moving to a more marketfriendly regime, which is a good thing. But in other places like chile, people are also upset with the current administration, the new president is proposing to be more handson or stateoriented. So, yeah, its a global phenomenon. David up next, building the First American factory in cuba. Lisa we will grade some tech predictions from 1996. Dont be scared to dream big. Lisa welcome to Bloomberg Businessweek. I am lisa abramowicz, in for carol massar. David and i am david gura. Lisa we are here inside the new york headquarters of Bloomberg Businessweek. David why Tech Companies are on a hiring spree for economists. Lisa we will look at materials of the future. David and the First American manufacturing factory in cuba. Lisa all that ahead on Bloomberg Businessweek. Lisa we are here with the editor of Bloomberg Businessweek, ellen pollock. There are so many must reads in this issue. In technology you asked a question whether the pentagon can really learn to be more flexible. Can you talk to us a little bit about what that means . Ellen they opened an Innovation Office in Silicon Valley with the hope that they can learn about Silicon Valley and