From our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. Mendes is here. Documentaryed in a about the 10 month International Tour of his production of richard iii. His productions include king bond film he24th is directing due in 2015. He is very busy man, and why not . Welcome back. Thank you, charlie. Let me talk about the projects. Abaret. Oadway, c giving you hellbent on us one production after another of cabaret . Cabaret . This production has been part of my life for nearly 21 years. I did it at the dunmore and we it was 1992. 22 years ago. Theater intod the a cabaret or club. That was your big idea. That was my only idea. I started with that idea. We went on a kind of journey of discovery like you doing any play. And veryvery useful thrown together, almost a sketch. If i had known it would have led to this relationship i have had with the piece that has lasted two decades i would have been frozen. It is a good example of how when youre working in that freedom and there is no pressure that Something Interesting happens and it has developed. The lateo new york in 1990s. Natasha richardson played sally bowles. It is not on for me. The last time i saw it was not on broadway when it closed but folliesy bergere begere. It is an incredible place under the lobby of which is the private cabaret that was created for the nazis during the occupation. What is it, opportunity presents incentive. , is is it about this play it special, is it that special that it is redone . It is special. I am not a huge fan of musicals in the sense i have love all musicals. All are classics, worthy of holding up against the great classic plays of the 20th century and i have said this on this show before. Think i believe ultimately it ss one of the great exploration of naziism and the rise of not naziism. We could say we have grown up under the shadow of nazis and that is one generation further away from the holocaust. Of only important question the 20th century, how could have happened and it does it in a way lyat is breathtaking theatrical. It is the only show that when it closed i missed it and i wanted it to come back. I said i would love to do it again. Did you say one caveat, it has i have to find the right sally bowles. Absolutely. That is a given. A small list of people i was interested in and one of them said yes. Michelle williams. What were you looking for in sally bowles . Rex she is a confounding creature and difficult to cast. You want someone who is fundamentally a great actress and is very vulnerable but who has the strength and the courage to sing and dance. Trainedot a singeranswer because you are playing a character who is not a professional, who is not perfect, whose desires and wishes are above her talents. I am talking about the character. That is a difficult allens to strike. Think she is wonderful i have thought she is wonderful for a long time. She was inwas about two girls of zest with nixon. Gray joel grey made it his role. For now it is alan. It is not just the way he handles individual numbers, it is the entire production. Because we flip it and we create the nightclub at studio 54. That was once upon a time of theater turned into a nightclub. Because he governs the entire show. The rhythm of the evening is dictated by him. Nightclubginal, the acts were set in the body of a stage. Aditional broadway i see this every time. This would not be possible without help prince and the original. In the mid1960s it was the musical about the rise of naziism. Two couples who fall in love and cannot be together because of the nazis and that was daring and it has come into its own as time has gone on. Did you codirect this with rob marshall . Rob arrived with the broadway production and it needed a healthy dose of proper choreography and showbiz. The man who did chicago nobody do that. There are certain similarities as well. The sense in which the numbers occupy a territory of fantasy which is the nightclub which is not dissimilar to the nightclub in cabaret. Now talk about king lear. Which is in production as we speak. There is a lot to talk about. I want your production and why he is right person to do king lear for you. The people we are talking s ist, alan and simon, thi the ninth play. We graduated from richard iii to king lear. Ugh it was a relationship we would arrive at. Which is seen currently or incorrectly as a sort of pinnacle. I am not a fan of the word pinnacle and peak. About lear being this mountain to climb. It is the most extraordinary frightening and violent play. I found it incredibly wonderful to work on. I think the production, it is a very coherent vision but it is the vision of the play. Very unsentimental and paints a lear. E of a layer this is a society that has been has notd by a man who heard no for many years and finally hears it from his daughter when he will hand over the country. He does not like the sound of it. He does not like it at all. At that point you see just the collapse of a family which happened a lot but the collapse of the nation at the same time. They run concurrently and i felt like i had seen a lot of productions when i watch the family collapse. The National Theater on the largest stage and in the west as it were, enables one to paint a picture of a nation in crisis. A nation splitting apart. And National Play for the National Theater and the politics of the plate have always fascinated me. It was those two things that led me into the play. The relationship with simon who was interested in those areas and then i had as i get older there is no point in doing shakespeare or classical theater unless you feel you can add to the debate. You have to by arguing in your production ear was an evil man. It asks an audience whether they can be moved by the downfall of someone who has caused immense destruction. On the one hand, the great plan about homelessness and losing everything. If you take away your job and home and family, what is your essence, who are you and how do you define yourself within that. The nature of your being and it is a stripping away of the layers of the onion. And through acts of terrible violence. I did not at the fact that someone is blinded live on stage or the full mysteriously disappears and dies or the fact that all three of his daughters are savagely murdered. One of the brothers is also killed and his father. I did not create the play in which seven people are. Lying dead on the stage at the end. It is a very bleak and nihilistic play. What sort of acting does it require question mark quite a fearless actor. Fearless. Actors who are seeking to be viewed as the wronged party. Morehe says i am a man sinned against than sinning, a lot of the time the actor in the production starts in the position that he is right. What if he is not right, what if he is absolutely causing the downfall. The play. E, not always in the area is expected. Is this a directors decision . Not at all. Very largeo in with , images. Suggestions i have made the decision that we were going to play in contemporary costumes. Relativelyork is democratic. The actors never leave the room. The cast is there all day every day and a circle for the first two weeks. We experiment with scene after scene and we turn it and do it different ways. We will talk about it all the time as we go. I havethe productions done i feel this is the most comprehensive in terms of including everyone in the companys point of view. I did not feel i was pushing any seen against it what anyone on stage was wanting to do. Once you unlock it in a particular way, they were aware of what i was looking to explore. They went with it and i feel like everyone believes in the production. You get a very different kind of energy. Sometimes that can mean the thing he comes overemphatic becomes come overemphatic. Eliminate one aspect and cut out the other. It is there is no such thing as the king lear, it is a king letter. King lear. There is no definitive lear. Are some characters that morph themselves around the capabilities of an actor. Hamlet is always satisfying in some way because hamlet seems to be able to shape shift. There is a sort of fluidity to his thought. There is a kind of direct connection between him and the audience. That always satisfied. Lear never talks to the audience. He only he is trapped within the mechanism of the play. If the production is off for the things that support him are not quite right, the performer is very affected and you i have seen some pretty dull performances of king lear. You do not create the context. While we are talking about shakespeare, richard iii. Documentary the production. It was kevins idea. We did the last production, the bridge project. It is an experiment, exploration we did over the course of three thes between old vic and brooklyn academy. The last was my reduction of richard iii. World but ended here. This is the story of that to her. Exactly. And the story of the whole project. The absurd, utopian ideal of traveling a traveling global Theater Company that can mount reductions on huge scale to tour the world and what it means in different cultures. It means when people cannot understand the language but can understand the polity of the play. Sydney tobul to greece. From outside to inside. Theto see the epidermis greece must have been amazing. If you have some magical experiences in them. I was slightly trepidations about going there. And it was a completely different thing. It is truly magical. I always sound like a terrible theater person when i talk about it. Unless you have been there, we have spent a long time feeling like secondclass it is citizens. We are artists and we are constantly going to fundraising galas. There is a sense in which the begging bowl is always slightly out. And the effect of that is to make you feel a thing quite a slightlyin america, peripheral. To argue that you are more important than the arts, that is difficult. So it is the thing that makes worth living. The more i go i feel that. Going makes you feel central. At experience of listening to stories is absolutely timeless. There inn played richard iii, that was 14,000 a night. Over three performances. Only one performance has done that, the three tenors. Pavarotti said it was like hearing the heartbeat of the world. It feels special. The heartbeat of the world, yeah. That race me to james bond. Rings me to james bond. I thought you would not do it again. Just think, is one of the largest grossing movies of all plus andbillion counting. It was a spectacular film. What are you doing . It is interesting, i did not want to do it again initially. I felt like first up i did not have time to work out. You have proven your bond. X i started a number of stories that were incomplete. Q and danew money and niel, there was a missing piece. I felt like there was a way to create a second part of a twopart story. And then i started to get reinterested. When they agreed to wait longer and not go immediately and not go with two movies but one which i felt very strongly about. This is a continuation of the story. I would not say it is the actual narrative. In terms of the evolution of the characters in part. What we try to do in skyf all, is characters were allowed to age and allowed to acknowledge the history and a kind of sly and mischievous way. The history of the franchise they had been art of. Part of. Of nostalgia when i sat with the nonny and was enough. That was my 12yearold self that loved that moment in that car. Which brings me to this story which i promised myself i would tell. I am reading about you and judi dench and you are a whippersnapper director of 23 and she is cast in whatever you were doing. The cherry orchard. And she says do you mind if i tried this way and you said try if you wish but it will not work. That is a true story. Your telling the great game, judi dench. And fastforward to bond. Her, you think i could try it this way or you could try this way and she say , buthe said you could try it it is not going to work. And then looks at me like the most triumphant, she had waited 25 years to get me back. And that was worth are doing the job just so she could get me thing about, the judy isshe was about she was very important in my career. Taught me an inner miss amount in my early 20s. She was a way to do shakespeare and i asked a lot of questions and she was very generous. Who,of those rare people when you act with them, makes you better. In her presence. Also arent you doing something with charlie and the chocolate factory. Lot to was like bond, a do with wanting to do it for my children. How long did it take you to do this . A long time. Longer than i would have liked. It was the longest technical rehearsal in history. I have done a lot of different within the field of film and theater, done a lot of Different Things but i can honestly say movies and new plays and running a theater and classical theater and what have you, the most difficult thing is new musicals. Nothing to touch it. The most difficult. I hope people in new york realize this sort of insane game of russian roulette those being played all the time, putting huge new shows in front of a broadway audience with little preparation. There are so many Creative Voices that have an equal status. You have the director, composer, the book writer my and sometimes the designer who is responsible for the way the show moves. All those people have to be in sync. It is not a pure hierarchy like a movie where the director calls the shots. You generallyails blame the director or the theater which is a writers medium and actors medium. S a total theater is a writers and actors writers and afters medium. I love working with writers. Live performance keeps you totally present. Theres a danger in movies, you can retreat behind a kind of wall. It is not scary. At a certain point, it is quite safe, take a long time over things and prepare it created never get that jolt of adrenaline as you get on a first review. Youre not teaching a master class of directing, you are teaching a coaches class. It, doesnt make sense to you . What rings a bell is the idea of i am not a teacher and i do not relish the act of teaching. There are many good teachers and i do not think i am one of them, necessarily but id you think i do think, maybe there are some things. I am a better teacher of directors than i am of actors. For example, a football coach, right, provides a structure canin which footballers perform to the very best of their ability. He does not teach a football how to play football. Talent is involved with it. However, he can teach another coach how to get the best out of his players so i do think directors teaching directing is useful and something that should happen. This is fascinating to me. You work honored at the Roundabout Theatre spring gala audiencehared with the what you learned during your career path you set up their, an yone who is interested in directing, i have written 25 steps toward becoming a happier director. Always choose good collaborators. Try to learn how to make the familiar strange and the strange mill your. Familiar. See it with fresh new eyes. Dench. Th dame judy wave blow blow away 500 bad guys but if he smokes one cigarette you are in bad trouble. It is great to see you. Good luck on all those things. Thank you. See you at the theater. And look forward to it. I look forward to it. Robert greifeld is here. Had recordsetting earnings and profit. Year, the ipoext got off to a rocky start. There are other things that are going on and im pleased to have Robert Greifeld at this table for the first time. Welcome. Is it true that you wrote your graduate thesis on nasdaq westmark yes, i did. It was on the fact the first wave of technology was coming into the marketplace and how that was going to change the relationship and the operations of the market. I had a good time writing it. I interviewed people for the basis but he did not see it. That was part of the qualifications for getting the job. Fix what was nasdaq like in 2003 . It was a different place and when i think back to that time, every time every day we were losing money. It was a situation where we had been part of the regulator, we had become for profit and moved along with the mission. We did not have the tools in place. We had to hoard cash and watch what were doing. We were a single focus u. S. Equity exchange and fighting for market share. At the productd progress we made in 11 years and it is greater progress than i would have thought. Cap,e 6 billion in market 2 billion year revenue. When i got here we were about 500 million in revenue. We have grown that quite nicely. Profit 800 million. How would you characterize your brand compared to the New York Stock Exchange . We have a great rant in it resonates in many ways around the world am a stronger in the u. S. We represent American Growth innovation entrepreneurship. When you see our successes in other parts of the world you realize how strong the brand is. Of our heritage. In 1971 when we were founded we were the only electronic market on the planet. Since that time, everyone has followed our lead. What diversification to have paid off the most question mark that is a great question. I hate to rank the children that we have but clearly our focus is a Technology Company is the underpinning of everything we do. We have 80 exchanges running our technology and 10,000 corporations use our Technology Solutions to help them be a company, be an effective public company. In addition to that, when you look at our index business, you know us most famously for the nasdaq 100. The biotech indices, that has grown to be a 100 billion asset so we are happy with that. The muster medic change from the power of technology is what most dramatic change from the power of technology is what . Fromen i look at the stats 1995, the cost to come in out of the market is about 140 asus points. Right now it is about 10. You had a 14 fold decrease. You have to attribute that to the power of technology and a lot of that to the power of effective regulation in the marketplace. Book . You read luces what did you think. The market is rigged. If he did say that and i think it was irresponsible and let me tell you why. We do not disagree with what he says is going on. You disagree with characterize it as rigged. Or both. A little bit of both but primarily what you said. His description of how dark holes is not an accurate that i would say this. I feral feel poorly for the academics. Are researched more than any other market out there. We have 100 academic tapers written papers written about how the u. S. Markets operate. They have a similar number overseas. When you see the sack of papers, you haveut yea high, people come out in favor of hfts. Trading. Requency this is with academics who spend their lifes work studying this. Allow itself to devolve itself into a story. It is a the dense academic papers. They have an advantage because of their speed and their technology. I want to make it clear that markete analysis of the has to be datadriven