From our studios in new york, this is charlie rose. Saad mohseni is here. He is the chairman and ceo of the moby group. One of the Largest Media Companies in afghanistan. Moby houses the countrys most Popular Television channel and approximately 15 million daily viewers. Last year it covered the first afghanistan president ial debate to include all major candidates. Saad mohseni believes the proliferation of media in the past 12 years is afghanistans most precious achievement. He is looking to bring this entrepreneurship to the countrys including iran, and iraq. Im pleased to have him them back at this table. Welcome. Thank you. Iran is up and running. Yes. We are in the middle east now. You were not trained as a media entrepreneur. You were a banker. Changed, whenan they drop the taliban, use opportunity. With one little radio station. We were lucky. Of an accidental business. One thing led to another. Lo and behold we have 20 companies. And partners like rupert murdoch. He is a minority shareholder in a company. Lets talk about the election. A success, i think. 7 Million People when they were threatened. One third of them were women. Many people did not believe it was possible. 60 participation rate. Higher than yours. Of course. We are less than 50. It was a bad day. It was snowing in parts of the country. It was raining. Leading up to the election it was a war zone. Buildings were getting attacked every day. Suicide attacks. Friends. Wo good it was an extraordinary courage to see people line up to vote. Now we have a runoff. We will see. To have a feeling well go one way or the other . We have three of the most prominent candidates are all phds, forward thinking. They are all western educated. We have three good candidates, 42 of whom are leading with and 47 each. They have not counted 10 of the votes. It is we will see if someone enough percent of the above. I am confused by this. How long does it take . We will have the final results in the first round on the seventh of may. Do think the change will happen now . The trends are emerging. Still having the leading number of votes. It seems like it now. It is early to speculate. He will probably be leading. How much will he lead by . One of the hopes is that we have a Coalition Government formed. We dont go into a second round. How would that take place . It happen in 2009. Karzai was leading. They thought it would be corrupt. He had his reasons. The constitution allows for that to happen. What is your judgment on karzai . He has squandered opportunities for this country, for afghanistan. He has brewed a pot of good relationships, like your country. He has ruined a lot of good relationships, including your country. History will be good to him. The countryterms, has changed dramatically prefer People Like Us who have been privy to so much more he couldve made a huge difference to the countrys economy, to its stature. Those opportunities were squandered. He will have read it for the smooth political transition. He did not take sides. He has been fairly neutral. He helped every candidate. He was very inclusive. What is his future . It isk he wants difficult to walk away from power. He wants to be use. He may work on a peace deal with the taliban. I dont know. Tell the story of when you society, Richard Holbrook was there, and you were backstage. Karzai was there. You were not there. Karzai new that tom preston, he was a friend of yours. He was going to interview karzai. That is right. He says this is tom preston. Of saad mohseni. He goes nuts. That is not a patriot. Out as to whyind the taliban, in terms of their operations, why did they have a support base in the country . The reason was because the government was so corrupt. The taliban had reemerged. We did stories on that. He labeled me as protaliban. How much of the country supports the taliban question less than 10 . Peoplea survey of 4000 facetoface across the country. Less than 10 of the population. They do not have a base inside the country. Paid . They who makes it the taliban . Students have been brainwashed. There is no shortage of poor, impoverished young men living on both sides of the border in pakistan, getting funding from. Ifferent groups karzai would not sign a Security Agreement. Yes. At the same time both candidates leading will support a Security Agreement that will have nato troops remaining in afghanistan. The 11 candidates, every single one of them said they would sign the agreement including the fundamentalist candidates. The support for International Troops is at 75 . Afghanistan is a strange country. We do not like foreigners. Every kick them out at turn. On this occasion they realize they need support from the International Community. Engaging. Not that has been costly for him. What is the relation between afghanistan and china . It is not strong. It is almost nonexistent. They have invested in the mining. That is what i thought. They are not even that serious about it. They havent started work on it. They have secured the contract. Copper mine. They have been nothing since. They are close to the pakistanis. They are not going to do anything rash. Ironically, according to our sources, cars and went to china to see what they felt about engagement to the Security Agreement. The chinese said do it. Make the deal. Question my it will stabilize afghanistan. Putin indicated that they would support that. Not officially. What is the future for afghanistan . Isit is a country that exceptionally young. 60 . The second youngest country on the planet after uganda. Why is that . A postwar phenomenon. It will have lots of kids. We lost a Million People during the soviet occupation. The population has gone up substantially. Form earlier, i was discussing the changes. 6 Million People have access to the internet. Internet theet the a mobile device. A third of our Internet Users use facebook. While. Wow. How has the life of women change . It is going to take a long time. What has changed is education. Literacy rate has gone up substantially since 2001. We are looking at 35 in the next decade, 65 . It is the quickest change in terms of educating the population, and a third of our students are women. Wasnt the fear of all of that the taliban returned it would be ripped down . Can they ask a major towns, i doubt that. What did the americans accomplished . Rescuing afghanistan. We were staring at the abyss. A population that had been completely destroyed. No infrastructure. No education. Most of us after the taliban came in. It progressively got worse. For that reason the afghans remain completely committed to international engagement. They are appreciative of what the community has done, hence the high poll rating of the forces. 75 . Wow. Do you think americans have a perception of what the mission in afghanistan is question mark americans have said we dont want to be involved in anything. Wars are enough. If they look back in terms of what has been achieved and how the afghans have changed, they should take pride in what the u. S. Has achieved. Afghanistan is not iraq. We have to be clear. The country how are they different . We are not going to go through another civil war. Secondly, antiforeign sentiment. They are iraqis, how they feel towards americans is obvious. Antiamerican sentiment in iraq. We dont have the in afghanistan. The other thing, this new generation of afghans emerge within the political establishment are very progressive. They are forward thinking. Is a Tribal Society question it is. Rural is almost 5050. 50 of the population is in urban centers. That changes the dynamics. You are afghan australian . Yes. Are you one to spend more time there . What is your sentiment . You are an international businessman. The beginning of your fortune took place in afghanistan. You have a vested interest in the country. Are you going to be more and deeper involved . You have enormous influence. We are very things committed. A moderate afghanistan. A moderate yemen. Who represents moderation . A lot of people. We are very lucky. Can he get past think am i right or wrong . You are right. Because of his association. Both candidates had votes across the country. We are not that divided. You are happy with either. It represents for you a strong afghan central government. In a moderate government. System,s centralized theyre going to put us on the right track again. We lost focus over the last few years. We can refocus on our priorities. We just had the political transition. Have security transition. End of 2014. And then we have an economic transition. Which is reliant on International Community participating. You are my afghan barometer necessity, the pulse of what is happening there. I have never seen you more optimistic. Time you wereas a worried. It was not long ago. Leavingcause karzai is in the election look like it is going to choose one of two options that you feel like our better question mark are better . We are going to have the opportunity once again to go back to the rest of the world and say we appreciate your help. We are grateful for what you have done. For the loss of life, for the billions of dollars you spent. Lets Work Together again. What about pakistan . Becausetan is a problem of afghanistan, domestically what is going on. The afghan war would have been different if pakistan did provide a safe haven. That is what every military leader will tell you. Withoutoup can survive assistance. For pakistan, the taliban are a serious domestic problem. They have to face up to the fact that they have to eradicate this group that wishes to drag both countries down this black hole. The population of pakistan is set to grow to 400 million by 2015. The fourth largest country. The population of afghanistan is set to grow up to 100 million. The 16th largest country in the world. It is a serious threat to global. That is the biggest concern you have. Polio is a major problem. We are working with the Gates Foundation to eradicating in both countries. Polio has reappeared in the arab, in syria. It has pakistani strength. It is not just a question of radicals, they are spreading other things. This is one of the concerns we have. If the area remains attica lies it will happen in the entire region. The area remains radical it will happen in the entire region. Ando think that will be indictment and the legacy barack obama . Yes. A huge opportunity was squandered. What you do with these groups . Starting from scratch is not going to be possible. Of people are asking this question. A valid question. Palatable than a super al qaeda group. What happened to malah umar . He is somewhere in pakistan. You assume he knew about bin laden . [indiscernible] she knows the region well. , what issurprisingly the right word, not of one note about karzai. Someeemed to give him latitude. All of us feel that with karzai going we are starting to feel nostalgic. Of course you are. [laughter] he wasnt that bad. It is great to see optimism. It is great that the war in afghanistan saved afghanistan. Yes. For which we have to thank your people and your government. It was a good war. And the brave men and women who went there. Thank you. Thank you. Back in a moment, stay with us. Riggleman is here. It he step down after 10 years of is here. K levin he stepped down after 10 years as president of yale. The citation said you stand among the great president s of yells history. History. Of kucera. The ceo massive online open classes, or moocs. Of your to be proud service. We made a lot of progress. Is what you are proud of different than what i cited . The Global Expansion . If i had to pick two things those are the ones. We made a big difference working to make the city much stronger, and we opened yale to the world. You didnt have a lot of management experience. I was chairman of the economics club. [laughter] omannio had none. Said he meeting you could be president of yale. What made him say that . I dont know. I had a number of mentors who saw potential. What you think they saw . Passion . Knowledge . Precociousprobably a maturity as a young man and an ability to summarize a situation and find a solution to a complicated interpersonal situation and make something happen. There is a lot to be said about that. Some people can look at it with great intelligence and look at something never quite see an essence of the core, here is the issue, and here is how we can answer it. That is right. That is a real skill. Combination of analytical ability and psychological insight. Almost political in situ. Understanding. Understanding peoples motivations. Yes, politics is the blend of that. But, you have to understand people are coming from, to understand the root. Were you surprised when these members of the boards of trustees gave you an honorary degree. I was totally shocked. I burst into tears. I was moved. Pre ive the place do. It is a great institution. I gave it my heart and soul. You have gone to a board or got a government job. Maybe been secretary of treasury as far as i know. You couldve done a lot of things. True. And you run an Online Education company. It is a fantastic job. I like running things. If an opportunity to run the most important is it is so much an extension of what i have tried to do to take yell to the world. This is an opportunity to take 108 of the latest educational institutions and teach the planet. Lets do the landscape. We talk about moocs. You try to experiment education. There is a checkered past. There was a time of instrumentation and learning. When we started in 2000 with this, stanford and oxford as partners, without our market was our own alumni. We narrow cast over it read over it. Over it. Row cast the bandwidth wasnt there. Videos were jerking around. It had that problem. We didnt have the right model for making it work. We didnt have a high degree of interactivity. You watched a lecture, give a lecture, and maybe they were visuals. That was it. Then, the next thing we did was of 42ale courses, videos of our best lecture courses, put out for free. They were great. They were free. They were free. ,he material from the course they were nor quizzes or exercises. We have the greater bandwidth. We can support lots of people. Taking quizzes, getting feedback. Having professors look at the data to understand where students are having a hard time. It is a constant feedback loop. It is terrific. And, the scale. We have had 7 Million People. It. Eparate how are they different . They are all different. Those are the three essential involved in this mooc space. They are many things online. There are online courses for substantial tuition dollars for some time now. These three are trying to get to a wideopen public putting courses out there for free. Approach is similar. [indiscernible] times asbout three many partners and three times the audience. It is a worthy effort. Competing. One of the features we are we are to our students, developing interfaces that will allow faculty to add features. I think it is good there is competition. I have studied Innovative Industries before became president of yale. Competition is good for innovation. The product will get better. And courseraedx have a similar mission. We are not a university. Platform that serves university. Capital. By venture yes. Is, if youron here nobelsor bob just won the prize. He authored a course started in february. But hundred 60,000 people who signed up. Up. 65,000 people signed 85,000 started the course. The course is just wrapping up. They are going to be over 10,000 who take the final exam to complete the course. There will be 20,000 altogether who have gone through the work, done the material. 20,000 students will have taken his class. That is way over double the number of students he has taught in his 30 years. Part of the history of Online Education as people sign up and they start the course and then they drop out. But it is free. Why not . You have no investment. The stuff about completion rates being low, but we have learned is that people who complete the first assignment, 44 of them finished. It. L number of people take Online Education will change the world. It is giving opportunity to people. Getting People Better jobs. We have a woman in bangladesh. An abusiveroduct of relationship with her husband. She escaped from her situation. A friend of hers and herself decided to start a bakery. She went online and took an accounting course, marketing course, how to run a Small Business course. She is running a successful bakery and credits coursera. They gave her independence. They gave her a life. A man in africa could and did a good job. He took an accounting course. Know clearly a place in the employment market to upgrade skills. Then we have courses like modern poetry that people say is the best education theyve ever had. They are lifelong learners. I would sign up for the and a nano second. Howd you do that . Courses are six and 50 there are 650 courses. Do we owe it to kahn . Medium cand have the be used effectively. It is great to have you here. Im enormously interested. It is an empowerment. That is what is important. That is right. It is going to get people opportunities. You can do with former president. We will be back in a minute. Thank you. Stay with us. Katty kay and Claire Shipman are back with a new book, the confidence code. Anchor of abche news america. I am pleased to have them on this program whenever they want to come. Let me talk about this. What is the confidence code. We started writing this book because we would interview women across america. We came across this selfdoubt. They would talk to us about how they were just lucky to be in the right place at the right time. Were they really deserving of their profession. It was something about confidence we wanted to investigate. The book is an analysis of what confidences. Where it comes from. He went on a search to find it confidence made it different . First, whether there was a confidence cap. Women often do feel less confident than then. We were surprised by some of the data. One of the studies we found, women will apply for promotion when they believe they have 100 of the qualifications for a job. Men will apply at 60 . Men and women take the same test. They will score the same on a science and math test. Women will imagi