Pleasure of introducing to you i said to him, Cardinal Turkson, what can i call you . He said how will that peter. I will not use peter, i would use Cardinal Turkson. He is at the forefront of the ideas we have been discussing this morning in the few minutes we have gotten started as we have laid out the imperative of this conference. He has some familiarity with the united states. He went to school there. He went back to ghana, became an archbishop and then a cardinal, first nominated by Pope John Paul ii. Pope benedict brought them here to the vatican and pope francis has given him this new response ability. Here is what hope francis said handed this responsibility which begins january 2017. He will be competent in issues involving migrants, those in need, this sick, excluded and marginalized, as well as victims of armed conflict, natural disasters in all forms of slavery and torture. You have your hands full. [laughter] Cardinal Turkson that is quite a case. Good morning to all of you. Very glad to be in your midst this morning to share these thoughts of frances with with you. If the government dealt with this, i dont know how many ministries they would have. Hope francis, as part of his reform, decided to bring the different offices. There used to be in office that ,ealt with migrants humanitarian assistance and health care and sanitation. It has been a very good arrowhead for effectiveness. He decided to bring them all together under one head. That is what he is preparing for. From the beginning, we decided this should not be a marriage of offices. We decided to formulate a new vision of pope francis for the involvement of the social arena. In the process of formulating when we were done, we saw what offices we need to carry out this vision. Charlie you had a lot to do with the popes encyclical of the environment. Connecting what happened with the environment and poverty. I want to pick up on this theme. Tell me what you think of business and what you think might come out of this conference in terms of what business can do and what the church can do in a very concrete way when attacking questions of poverty and inequality . Cardinal turkson concretely now, i came to the vatican in 2010. This was the middle of the financial crisis. We thought it was our responsibility to provide a way of looking at this financial situation for business because of banking and all of that. One of the first things we did was help and encourage the pointing,stop accusing the world of business. We produced a small booklet called the invocation of the business leader. We invited Business Leaders to come and tell us what they do. Us, when people want to become priests, brothers or nuns. A invitation to businesses for the Resources Available as cocreators, partners with god. Making the resources of nature set of rules of humanity. We say that god created the tree, not furniture. We have business transform trees into furniture and minerals. That is what we think a business is. Inis a partner with god bringing the resources of nature to the contribution of humanity. I think business not only those who enable business, who go to work, so the investors, but also those who need to benefit from business. We encouraged business to do that. Sometimes we have to encourage people to recognize the reasons. Seellls ishat what it dignified. To ensure the wealth is also good wealth. And to ensure that the customer, the relationship is good. When this is observed, businesses are very dignified in the role of society. Business vow oes their responsibility to stakeholders and the public . Cardinal turkson they invest to bring in business deals. The character of business depends on more than who bring in the money. If we are dealing with a mining company, for example, there is a place to go to. A lot of people lived on the terrain. Peoples lives will be transformed by the mining activity. Thanved in this just more for the investors. We encourage a holistic view of business. By the end of the day, bottom line for us is that everything that happens should serve the worlds wellbeing. The human person is the only thing god created for its own sake. Everything else was created for the wellbeing of the human person. The human person was created not to serve anything else. When therefore the exercise of business or any other human ndsivity of engagement te to make man set another goal and they suffer distortion. Everything should help the human person. The human person cannot be reduced. Charlie do you believe that, or does the church believed there regulation it is not so much the market economy itself, but the ideology behind it. Marketception of the which exists in political oversight and regulation. What did the holy father mean . Cardinal turkson you will meet him tomorrow. He were probably tell you what he meant. [laughter] i think there is something from this we can pick up. When i got here, we produced a small booklet. We called it reforming the Financial System and went on to say in the life of a global authority, Global Financial authority. The booklet was well received in several places. It got to frankfurt to the bundesbank to discuss with businesspeople and all of that. Of thelysis we made crisis was accepted. Identified technological causes. When it came to establishing global authority, to exercising oversight, there we had the greatest resistance. The establishment of any form of authority to regulate this is not easy. That is probably why the book was referred to. The only time we can guarantee all so well. Hat alsit thereds to be fixed and is the problem of who controls it. A certain out of control is the ethical ensure these. All of charlie in america, they call it dodd frank. [laughter] the idea of the dignity of work. Charlie in you have asked us, the world to consider the dignity of work to be aboutwe ought having machines pe perform the work of human beings. Cardinal turkson this i think will be a problem that will engage our creativity for quite a bit of time. Ii, we were invited not to produce work. Its objective creations. We have been invited to recognize what work does for the human person. We have been invited to recognize the objective and subjective character of work. Not reduced to what we produce, but what it does to the worker or person. Nity not because of salary or putting bread on the table, but creating a human person that can provide opportunity and wants to exercise its own creativity, put the work his own talents. The sense of work is not to be limited to the recognizeoduce, but does it improve the subjective nature, character of the person who exercises the work. The dignity of the person himself is what he does. That is how one person resembles god, producing himself out of his own creativity and talent. Charlie the dignity of family. In the washington post, a columnist said the thing about globalization and the rise of populism and all of that it said globalized elite are leading participants in a system with removing capital and rapid innovation. During the past 20 years, it has taken one billion people out of extreme poverty around the world. This is arguably the greatest humanitarian achievement in history. Without debating the greatest, that is a remarkable achievement. So, the point here i keep coming back to it what is necessary to make sure that business withos, all the resources, the opportunities, on the Human Capital businesses have, the best and brightest in many cases how do you employ it along lines of morality and profit . Cardinal turkson the statement you just quoted of business, lifting a lot of people out of poverty, it goes on to say why. Charlie it does. Cardinal turkson lifted a lot and inequality has been increased. It would be great lifting people out of poverty does not increase inequality in any way. Exactly what does it require . I think it is to be commended helps. De and commerce give opportunity for occasion to people to exercise their own creativity, talents. But, it will be great if in the also able toe are make the threat of business and avenues of work does not inequality from this. It isnow how many best not to go into countries. Introducedcases, it a lot of work but also widened the gap between the rich and the poor. Charlie the question is could it have reduced it lifted so many people out of poverty without increasing the gap of inequality and what is the pathway to do that . What can the church do . [laughter] think you doson i this by asking them not to make profit the Main Objective of business, investment and activities, but to recognize as a main goal of business the lifting people out of poverty. I know that business requires investment, but profit may not become the objective. As for what the church can do, i think they can give us an outlet for promoting and lifting people out of poverty by directing resources and investment to needy areas. And, we have a case before us now were looking at haiti and south sudan. Povertye places with and we need to build a model that enables to get them out of poverty. Next year, one of our concerns would be to try to see thew paths that have failed and adopt new ones. We have the means to change the orbit in which people live and do that in the case housing, work and access to work. So, housing, work and, if you want, what we call land. Access the property to property. Have roof overem, their head and work to sustain their lives nand ultimately something they can call their own personal capital, we will succeed in transforming the orbit in which people live. Charlie there is a call for action that a colleague of mine said you can do well and do good at the same time. Cardinal turkson we wish we could do well. I think there is a lot of goodwill out there. Thee the beginning of appointment of pope francis, there has been a lot of goodwill to the call to action by pope francis. We have received gifts from fast food chains who said we heard what the pope is singing, what can we do . Begin by looking by your supply at your supply chain. You will have helped many people. There are some of that say we recogniz success of energy is a problem in a lot of countries. They want to help with production and scale so that people do not struggle with smoke and lung cancer. That is something we welcome. On bit of information account of this, the access to 2017 in in the new forms of energy for the huge or. The vatican decided to participate. We are learning about new technology in form of energy. Trying to tell a story that tells the origin of humanity. Again, the hands of humanity. Bad . D good, is god and that emphasize lifting people out of poverty. It is energy within all of us. We identify that as spiritual energy. That leads us to pray, meditate and do good things. Charlie thank you so much for coming. Cardinal turkson thanks to you all. [applause] charlie here is what i want to know who is watson . What is watson . John most people think of watson as the game machine on jeopardy the infamous match almost five years ago. Watson is much more than that. Watson is the beginning of a new era of computing. You think about computing which has almost a century of calhnology mechani switches and then we moved to programmable systems that we tell what to do. Watson is the first of the next generation of computing, built andbig data and extracting understanding massive amounts of data to help humans make decisions. Charlie tell me about watsons intelligence. Its watson gains intelligence from the data it gathers or given. It has no inherent intelligence as it starts. It is essentially a child. As it is given data and outcomes, it learns which is dramatically different from all computing systems in the past which really learned nothing. Data,re it interacts with the smarter it gets. Charlie what is its potential . John i think it is unlimited. Data keeps growing every day. Troubles every year. Data, they continue to work on this. As it interacts with humans, it becomes smarter and never forgets. Charlie it is almost like watching something grow up. You have seen it passed the test, get smarter, assimilate more. You are watching adolescence. John that is a great analogy. On the jeopardy game five years ago, when we put the Computer System on television, we had no control of it. Ioften feel as though as was putting my child on the school bus and i had no control over it. Charlie it was reacting to something it did not know. John it had no idea the questions it would get. I could not touch it any longer and it has learned ever since. Fastforward five years later, we are in cancer now. We worked with the best people in the field, the best computer scientists. More importantly, we work with the best oncologists. They helped us teach watson. They told us what data to feed watson. They told us the best human knowledge. Watson learned over that time. Charlie would watson does is helps find information . John no, it helps us make better decisions. The analogy i would use is the search we use on the internet helps us find information. Charlie watson does what . John watson goes through the information but understands the information. It reasons on that information. It builds a model for what is being said. It understands relationships. It is not just looking for keywords and it will come back to an answer for question or in observation we cannot see. Charlie it is only as good as the information you put in it. John correct. The more it learns, it consumes more information. It has dates on every clinical trial, drug discovery. Charlie every medical document, every clinical trial, everything of importance to making decisions in the medical arena. That data is already there. John yes, it is updated every day. Charlie how does watson analyze . John watson takes it in and has a series of computer learning engines that tries to make sense of what it is seeing. It has already built a model of its world. As it gets new information, it assimilates that knowledge and tries to put it into categories like we do. Charlie how much control do you give it . John we control through the data we feed it. Relevant it will learn on. Charlie do people say to themselves when they hear about intelligence and here watson, named after one of the founders, and they say how smart can it be and can it be as smart as human beings . John it can be it depends on your definition of smart. Intelligence andit can be smarg information, reasoning information and getting insights on why is it too large . When i speak to doctors or lawyers, they always tell me im in cognitive overload. I cannot keep up with this information. I need a system to support me and give me reasons. Charlie and watson becomes their best friend. John in the health care industry, it is referred to as their learned colleague. Charlie how do you give watson voice and image . John on the day of the original jeopardy game, we created the voice that is infamous with watson. It is computergenerated. Charlie how did you make the decision on what it would sound like . John we could have given it any voice. We did a lot of Market Research and we wanted a voice that was difficult. It have to sound Something Like a machine. Charlie why was that important . John we wanted to represent what technology can now do. We were not trying to recreate a human being difficult. Or human knowledge. Charlie putting hair on it. John it is still a machine. Charlie does it have personality . John today, it does not have a personality but you can understand your personality and can take your language and understand the words in the pattern of your speech. Based on that and its knowledge of technology psychology, it can build charlie it can make a profile of me. John based on the words you use and the profile. As we get into neurological diseases and diseases of the brain, we are finding that watson can pick out patterns of speech which often are early indicators of neurological problems. Charlie that is crucial, isnt it . John it is crucial. Charlie it is early detection. John thats right. It opens up a whole new set of possible therapies. Charlie how does it do that . John it listens very carely to the words you use and the patterns. It says it will affect speech. Actually your speech is a tremendous window into your mind. Often, neurological diseases manifest themselves in speech patterns first. Charlie people who have a. L. S. Have said to me they first noticed it in voice. John and we can clearly see speech patterns in pete who have schizophrenia and other things. Charlie there is knowledge, and then there is ethics and morales . John it only knows what we teach it. Charlie so you can teach it ethics . John it can only learn what our ethics are. It doesnt develop its own ethics. It can look at our patterns of conclusions and minimalic that. Charlie is there any reason for it to be an ethical or moral machine . John there is no reason for it to be one way or another. Charlie what do you wish it had . John when we did the original jeopardy match, it did one thing and did it well. It under stood language and open do main questions. But it had no oiblet to understand images. If you feed is a digital image, it had no idea what it was. Since that time we have taught watson bakely how to see and how to analyze images. So much of the worlds information now is images. 2 3 or 3 4 of the data in health care now is in images. Charlie because it is about the brain. John that is right. It is about the brain, not the eye. What watson does is it looks at images. We tell it, this is it and this is that, and it learns on its on to then go forward and understand images. All we need to do is tell it what is what to begin with, and it will extract its own understanding and machine learning. Charlie but is that the way you teach it, just by the information you give it . John yes. That is what is so different about this era of computing. In the past we would have to go in with programmers and tell the machine to do something differently. In this case you dont reprogram watson. You give it new information. It develops and reasons in new ways and gets new insights on it own in working with humans. Charlie when did you make the decision that that was the way to go . John in early 2000s were looking at what at the time was Artificial Intelligence. Everyone before this effort had tried to build systems that directly mimiced human understanding, human learning. They were developing all sorts of rules. They were trying to Program Systems to be like the brain. There were some tremendous breakthroughs in i. B. M. Research that said we are not going to do it that way. We are going to do it differently, purely statistical. We are going to put learning engines in, and we are not going to tell the system. We are going to give it the ability to learn. That was a tremendous breakthrough in technology and will be a tremendous breakthrough in history. Charlie and that was the history you based the company on . You basically said to i. M. B. This