Chief, were jumping back in. Lets listen back in. Do you train both cadets, recruits as well as veteran officers . Yes, i do. Okay. And can you describe the difference between the training that a cadet would receive versus a veteran officer . Something like this is given to the recruits. Some officers go through the other training. We would get into the training. We will introduce all the topics. All the topics like offer them those and go through different crisis training. Its different from what the recruits and the regular officer will do it with veteran officers is it generally the same type broad categories of information . Its possible the same, yeah, similar. We want to be consistent. Similar, yes. Right. And so the information that a veteran officer would offer in training is inclusive of what to look for in terms of crisis, would it not . Yes. Right. You would train officers on the policy about crisis intervention. Correct . Yes. You would train them about what to look for when a person is in crisis, right . Yes. You are talking about recruit training or the veteran officer . Veteran officer. The veteran officers are you referring to the 40 hour training . Yes. 40 hour training, i dont that for the veteran officers. That is the officer association. Okay. So you dont know any information that the veteran Training Officer the veteran officers would receive . I do know some of it. But not the entire curriculum. Okay. Youve trained veteran officers yourself . I do. But not in the 40 hour week. Understood. But in the refresher type course . Refresher type course, yes. In the refresher type courses do you discuss with officers the policy of crisis intervention . Yes. Do you discuss with officers the signs to look for both in terms of suspects as well as individuals observing . Is it. Especially the suspects. Especially the suspects yes. But ultimately, you would agree that training also includes the critical Decision Making model, right . Yes. And the critical Decision Making model is not limited to or focused on simply the suspect, correct . Objection, leading. Hes back on to a topic where he can lead now. Correct . Im sorry . Objection is overruled so you cant answer. Okay. Will you repeat that, sir . I have to remember my question. The critical Decision Making policy that you train veteran officers on, would be inclusive of people other than just the suspect. Is that correct . There is no policy on the critical Decision Making model, only on the crisis policy. Okay. The critical Decision Making policy i keep saying policy, but its model. The critical Decision Making model is not limited to interpreting or responding to the suspect exclusively, is it . Thats correct. An officer is trained in the critical Decision Making model to go out and review the entirety of the situation, the totality of the circumstances, correct . Thats correct, sir. And the totality of the circumstances is more than just how you interact with the subject of whom youre arresting . Right . Thats correct. That would include citizen bystanders. Right . Thats correct. What do to do when a citizen you about stander steps in. If there is a threat or arrest . Right. How to consider your own interactions also with the suspect themselves, correct . Thats correct. And you describe this critical Decision Making model as being a very dynamic ever changing thing based upon information that comes to the officer in real time. Right . Thats correct. Yes, sir. And so an officer may consider who has used force may move backwards in the policy but may have to jump somewhere eliminatelse in the model because new information comes . Yes, sir. So it is a constantly evolving process whe is where a officer is entrusted to make decisions based on all information that he or she perceives, correct . Yes, sir. And that also they offered training, right . Yes, sir. And other things that may not be apparent to a citizen. Yes, sir. Right. Tactical Decision Making, for example. Yes, sir. Knowing that help wassen open the way, right . Is. Yes, sir. Making decisions about officers safety, right . Yes, sir. So all of these thing its not just one small thing that youre focusing on the subject, youre taking in a lot of information and processing it all kind of simultaneously through this critical Decision Making model . Agreed. Yes, sir. All right. But in terms of the information that you advise or talk to officers, veteran officers about, are how to recognize the signs of someone in crisis. Right . Yes, sir. This policy has a specific definition of what constitutes a crisis, right . Yes, sir. Its not limited to someone who may have a Mental Health problem, right . Yes, sir. It could include people who are using controlled substances . Yes, sir. It could include people that are simply experiencing some event that is overwhelming them, right . Yes, sir. En that may be losing a job or getting a divorce but it is what that person is observing at the time, zbagreed . Yes, sir. So the crisis intervention policy actually defines crisis as having a trajectory, correct . Yes, sir. And that trajectory can increase in the severity over time. Yes, sir. And thats why it becomes important for an officer to create time and distance, right . Yes, sir. And creating time and distance for an officer is an important part of the deescalation process, is it not . Yes, sir. And would you agree that you train Police Officers that as that intensity of crisis increases, the risk or threat to the officer grows greater . I dont believe i trained specifically like that. Because as the intensity, my training is the intensity increases and you have the distant like you said, the time you try to bring it down. Not increase intensity of it. What im talking about is not the officer trying to increase the intensity of it. My question is this. As a person is in crisis, and the intensity of their own personal crisis grows, you train officers that as they kind of get more intense, the risk to the officer or others is greater. Yes, sir. And, in fact, officers are trained to respond to in a a variety of ways, right . Yes, sir. Some of the technique thats the Minneapolis Police department trains both veterans and recruits would be to have a confidence about them, right . Confidence about them . Right. Yes, sir. An officer should try to appear confident in his or her actions. Yes, sir. They should also try to stay calm, right . Yes, sir. They should try to maintain space, right . Yes. They should speak slowly and softly. Yes, sir. They should avoid staring or eye contact . Yes, sir. And ultimately, when a Police Officer is dealing with any situation, they could be dealing with any number of people who are in crisis, right . Yes, sir. Right. The subject, the arrestee may be in crisis. Right . Yes, sir. People who are watching may be in crisis. Yes, sir. Another officer could be in crisis . Yes, sir. They have to take this in and make a determination what his or her next steps would be, right . Yes, sir. And the observations of the officer in that situation, i think you described on directexamination, you described that an officer will also take into and apply to the critical Decision Making model his own sensory, his or her own Sensory Perception . Yes, sir. So the touch, having a feeling a suspecting tense, right . Yes, sir. Or loose, right . Yes, sir. What they may hear comes into play. Yes, sir. So if they hear people threatening them or potentially threatening violence, that goes into that critical Decision Making model as well . Yes, sir. And often times the scene of an arrested individual is very tense, right . Yes, sir. I have no further pictures. Any redirect . Yes , sir. Can we publish exhibit 276 again, please . Thank you. So im explaining the critical Decision Making model that you been testifying about. And the thrust of your direct testimony was using this in terms of assessing a person in crisis with a purpose of determining whether or not they needed medical intervention, is that right . Yes, sir. Now in discussing this, again, all of these must be taken into account when deciding the next step, is that right . Yes, sir. And the officer always has to keep in mind their support to act. Thats one of the parts of the model. Is that right . Yes, sir. Now defense counsel asked you if the officer should just focus on one small thing. And i would like you to make some sort of comment on differentiating between a small thing and a big thing. You would agree that something is a big thing would be more important than a small thing. It depends on what a big thing is and what a small thing is. For example, if were looking at assessing somebodys medical condition, for the purpose of rendering emergency aid, would that be a big thing or a small thing . That would be a big thing. If then that is contrasted with, say, a 17yearold filming you with a camera. Is that a big thing, the filming, or a small thing . The filming is a small thing. And so then if youre taking all of the situations, all the circumstances into account, you have a big thing and you have a small thing. Youre looking at your authority to act. And that is policy, right . Yes, sir. And policy would include the policy governing the use of force and that it must be reasonable, correct . Yes, sir. And it would also include for authorities to act, a duty to render medical aid, is that right . Yes, sir. As the policy is written, correct . Yes, sir. Which includes not only contacting the ambulance but performing emergency aid like chest compressions or cpr . Yes, sir. Nothing further. Anything further . Please proceed. Sergeant yang, in terms of the critical Decision Making model, again, youre analyzing all of the things medical, aid, threats from citizens or observers, whether people are recording, what youre seeing, what youre feeling. It all is premised on whether it is safe and feasible to do something, correct . Yes, sir. Nothing further. Thank you, your honor. You may step down. All right. Theyre done with this witness. Sergeant ker yang. Let me bring in laura coates and Charles Ramsey. Im going to say in laymans terms this seemed a little bit meticulous for some of us. Ill include myself in this. As if they were kind of beating around the bush on something with this witness. Can you walk us through what we were watching . So heres the strategy of prosecutors. While many people watching it, they think to them sefldz, okay, we get the point. Youre belaboring something here. They have to be very meticulous and not leave any stone unturned. They have to make sure that theyre accounting for even the most obscure reference that may be taking a note by a juror that says they really get to the meat of the matter . They have to be exhausted even if it for the viewing audience it feels like theyre belaboring a point. However, this particular witness was there to talk about this crisis intervention. Im going to interrupt. We have to jump back to minneapolis right now. Lets jump in it. Thank you, your honor. Sir, how you are ploipd . With the city of Minneapolis Police department. What do you do for the city of minneapolis . Im currently on medical leave but im a lieutenant with the police department. How long you have been with mpd . Since 1996. Id like you to tell the jury a little bit about yourself. Could you share your educational background . Yes, sir. I got a four year degree from the university of north dakota in criminal justice studies. What year . I graduated 1995. Okay. And after you graduated from the university, did you get a job in Law Enforcement right away or did you go elsewhere . No, sir, i got hired from the Minneapolis Police department in 1996 and joined the Minneapolis Police academy. Describe your academy experience. I was a cadet. We did Police Academy and College Courses to qualify for the minnesota test. Did you take and pass the post test . Yes, sir. License peace officer . Wait a little bit so we dont talk over each other. Yes, sir. After you completed your course work, did you go into a Field Training program . Yes, sir. How long were you in that program . I believe it was about four months at that time. Then ghot your first assignment . Yes, sir. What did do you . I was signed to the third precinct, southeast minneapolis. Duties were patrolling the streets, answering 911 calls. Okay. How long did you serve as a Patrol Officer in the third precinct . Initially for a couple years and then to the Community Response team, a plain clothed unit. The Community Response team, i heard it called the crt . Yes. What does that do . They respond to the local communitys concerns about crime. Prostitution, drug dealing, gang activity. How long were you with the crt team . I did that for about three years. And then what was your assignment after . I went to the patrol unit, technically downtown unit at the time. What is a mounted patrol unit do . We patrol on horse back, mainly crowd control for busy times in minneapolis. We focus on downtown minneapolis. How long did you do that . Full time for about a year and a half. And then i went to patrol in downtown middle watch. Okay. And how long were you in the downtown middle watch . I was on downtown middle watch until 2006 and then promoted to sergeant. In order to be promoted for sergeant, did you take an exam and pass it . Yes, sir. Its a Civil Service exam along with an assessment center. After you were selected ads sergeant, you received your first assignment. What was it . I went to the robber unit in downtown at city hall. And that from there i went to the juvenile unit. And then i eventually ended up back downtown on patrol as a supervisor. Okay. And how long did that take . What year are we up to now . I think were at about 2007, 2008. Okay. And after that . I was there full time and then went back as a sergeant in charge of the unit. I went back to the street for a year and a half and then i went to the Minneapolis Police departments Gang Enforcement team as a sergeant. And then we from there, i investigated gang crimes, gun crimes. Then after that assignment, north side on patrol for about a year. Year and a half. Then i went back downtown as a sergeant on the Community Response team, the crt team downtown. And then in 2017, i took the exam for the lieutenant and passed and was a lieutenant in 2017. And where were you assigned that as a lieutenant . After i got promoted, i was transferred to the Training Division in charge of use of force. Okay. Id like you to talk to the jury a little bit about your own background in the use of force. Are you familiar with the Minneapolis PoliceDepartment Policy regarding the use of force . Yes, sir. I trained for several years with that. The. That was part of your Academy Training . Partially. You know, you get to be familiar with the use of force in the academy. And then after you lift the academy, did you have to take refresher courses which would have included use of force training every year . Yes, sir. In order to maun intain your license . Yes, sir. You have had training beyond that, beyond what was presented at the academy and your yearly certification . Yes, sir. You could please describe it. I was a part time use of force instructor in 2010. I maintained that part time status use of force instructor up until i was promoted to lieutenant where i went to the Training Unit full time. What did you have so to do to be qualified to be a use of force instructor . I went through different courses. Designed to train us up on use of force. I also started training brazilian jiujitsu for the department. As part of our Ground Defense initial ti. Id like to qualify a few terms if we may. We talk about use of force and use of force training. We also hear the term defensive tactics. Can you differentiate between the two . I think theyre interchangeable. I think use of force is the more appropriate term. But i think defensive tactics is more of a term used longer so people tend to refer to use of force instructors as instructors. Would it cli more hands on type instruction . You mentioned brazilian jiujitsu, for example . Yes, sir. Were you interested in brazilian jiujitsu before becoming a Police Officer . How did that develop . No, sir. I was in martial arts through college and then i got interested in it from some of the other use of force instructors kind of recruited me to do that and really fell in love with the art form and really what the implications and uses are for Law Enforcement specifically. Would you please just provide a very high level overview of what brazilian juice jiiujitsu . Its a form of marshal art that focuses on leverage and body control, deemphasizes strikes and true brazilian jiujitsu, there is no strikes. It is using body weight. Kind of like wrestling and joint lock manipulation. Neck restraints. Things that, you know, pain compliance as well as physical body control to get people to comply. So you use that phrase pain compliance, what is that . Pain compliance is using a technique that causes the person using it against to have pain so they comply to your whatever it is youre asking them to do. So if we were using an example maybe from childhood, you familiar with the game mercy . Yes, sir. All right. Where you lock fingers and twist down and somebody has to submit. Similar to that . Yes, sir. All right. Although brazilian jiujitsu is not the only defensive tactic that officers at mpd are trained on,