Of brothers and coulibaly came into contact with these people, especially one of the brothers, and they were in a certain sense radicalized already from a very long time ago, and the brothers were held and coulibaly were held when there was an attempt to release from prison, of this terrorist group that came out in the 1990s, so theres a generational system going on here. Rather than talk about i think rather than talk about whether it was somehow guided from yemen or guided from other parts of the muslim world, i think we also need to see how these networks are not just beginning today in france. All right, thank you very much, michael. Just stand by for us. Were going to talk to another guest whos joining us here from washington d. C. This sunday. Robert russell is the executive director of a Cartoonist Rights Network international. Thank you very much, indeed, robert, for being with us. Let me first ask you about your reaction as were seeing so many people in the streets of paris. Im not sure that youre able to see the video thats coming out this sunday. Nonetheless, people are basically coming out in such a strong way and in such a huge way to defense essentially press freedom and freedom of expression and liberty. Absolutely im sorry, absolutely amazes me. Ive got an echo in my all right. Absolutely amazed me to look at the videos this morning of this vast, vast playground of people having this serious reaction to these horrible murders. There was just endless, endless rows of people, all kinds of people from all religions, all ages, every part of society came out to express themselves today. Its absolutely marvelous and miraculous. What does that mean for satirists and cartoonists like the ones who lost their lives at Charlie Hebdo . What does that mean for the people who will pick up the legacy, so to speak, after Charlie Hebdo, and continue satirizing and continue doing cartoons . This, to me, demonstrates that humor and satire are the most powerful weapons we have to deal with the fear that is the main amunition of the terrorists. And our cartoonists will be complete ly completely void by this, encouraged. They will want to continue on the tradition of Charlie Hebdo. It was wonderful to see the staff yesterday coming together having their first meeting to plan their next issue. We can only hope that the next generation of Charlie Hebdo cartoonists will be as humorous and as funpoking and as good artists as sharb and his colleagues were. Let me bring an issue though that people have been talking about throughout the week, and that is the issue of whether Charlie Hebdo and other satirical magazines should be as provocative as they have been. Some people have been saying that maybe they need to think about toning down their messages somewhat at least, in light of whats happening. If you start toning down messages, where would that stop . Okay, cartoonists and islam and cartoons about religion today, tomorrow, it might be tuning down criticism of political leaders, or catholic priests being pedophiles. Cartoonists lift up the carpet, the edge of the carpet to see what has been swept under there. Do we want to keep that carpet edge down and keep sweeping corruption and false saupgzs and lies under the carpet . Saupgzs. The best people in the world are cartoonists to lift up that carpet with a sense of humor, a laugh and a chuckle and let the rest of us see whats really going on in the world. All right thank you very much for being with us there from washington d. C. Id love to give a plug for our website, cartoonistwrites. Org. If people want to learn more about the dozens and dozens of other cartoonists who are in trouble around the world, please go to our website and familiarize yourself about what cartoonists are doing all over the world to press free speech. Thank you very much indeed, robert, once again, for talking to us. Is he still there . I wanted to ask him, there seems to be a difference in the nature of the cartoons. I dont think its necessarily the same thing to say, should we question whether we blast another persons religion or whether we blast another persons politics. I dont think theyre exactly the same thing, and i dont think that the discourse should be necessarily on the same level level. Lite see if hes still with us from washington d. C. What do you say to that . Well, you know, where do you who is supposed to draw these lines . Political an awfully large part of the world, what is the one point something billion people are muslims, and most of those governments are heavily, heavily influenced by religion by the islamic religion. My point is never responded negatively in the same sense as they did this past week, its been in reaction to the printing of caricatures of mohammed when their own countries have been care catoured. In other words, the political satire in the muslim world has always been very active, even in the muslim world. In fact, its oftentimes been considered a safe place to do political commentary. And im asking this question, because i think its a question thats going to come up again and again and again. In other words, even in america right now, ive seen in the new yorker, in the new york times, even in the guardian of london, ive seen articles question whether even though you might have the right to create a cartoon or that vilifies or somehow pokes fun at the prophet mohammed or any other major religious figure, that having the right doesnt mean that you have the duty to do so. Robert, lets just get the last word from you. What do you say to that, just because you could, does it mean that you should . What do you say to that issue . Thats a very good point and not necessarily should you simply because you could. But that is the decision to be left up to the moral fiber and the World Outlook of the cartoonists, him or herself. That should not be determined for them by any other outside agency. That is a decision of the artist as they sit before a blank paper with a pen in their hand. They make the decision about what they would like to do, and they have to bear the criticism and slings and arrows of an outright society if their cartoons insult someone or bother someone, theyre open to that criticism. Thats part of free speech. Free speech is very messy and it goes both ways, but it doesnt pick up an ak 47, and it doesnt shoot people in the head. All right, we trust that this is going to be a topic that will continue to be debated in the next few days, if not weeks and months and perhaps even years. Robert russell, once again, the executive director of cartoonists rights Networks International joining me from washington d. C. Thank you, and goodbye to you. Were going to turn now to our reporter standing by once more. Chloe, whats happening . Well, people are slowly leaving at the square, but there are lots of people here, and i want to mention also on the politicians present during this republican march, you had politicians from all parties. That was what the government wanted, so the government in the front of the march, you had a socialist, you had eric velt, the ump, the former ruling party. Theyre all hand in hand. You had politicians from all sides apart from the french four right. Apart from the national front. You he decided to boycott this republican march saying he had not been formally invited by the government, the government saying that anyone could come to this rally. Im joined by one of the politicians who is taking part in this mass rally. Shes called raquel gabido. Shes a spokesperson for the radical left party. Raquel gabido, you are here and took part in the march today. What was the atmosphere . You really were in the thick of it. What was the atmosphere and how were the people reacting today . Theres a great sense of happiness, i think theres joy in finding each other and being together. Sometimes silence. There were moments when no one would speak, and then someone sings le marseilles. Ive never ever seen this in my whole life, and ive been to ral rallies rallies. Thats what you do when youre from the west, you rally a lot. Ive never ever seen this idea the french flag, this idea that our nation is a political nation. What makes our identity as a french as french is. [speaking french] that aptitude, that palpability of seeing in others not whats different, but whats similar to us. Was it important, do you think, to show united fronts with politicians from all sides together today for this republican march . Well, actually, im not very sure that the people mind what the politicians are doing in general. This is a very how do you say it, grass roots citizen spontaneous movement. Probably very far away from the parties, in any case, and i think thats whats important, is that theres an important people want to be together. They want to show that they can be a people together. Because in france, youve had in the past years an extreme right party and intellectuals that every day say that some of us cannot be the french people, and specifically the muslims. And that fragilization of what france is, has started to build telling what we are, and suddenly what this expresses, more than a Million People out here in paris today are saying is that, yes we can be a people together. I absolutely dont care if you have a religion or not, and if you do, which religion that is, because we are equals in our in the way that were french. One last question. This was an important march for the whole of france, for you, of course, for this national trawling tragedy, for these attacks, and you were watching the attacks when coulibaly turned himself into a french supermarket. Were you there, and can you explain why you were scared. Thats in my neighborhood and also where i live, and i was walking through the metro station on friday at quarter after 1 00 because i had a meeting with president Francois Hollande who was Holding Meetings with all of the Political Parties and i had a meeting with him at 2 30 and our party leader, and i couldnt actually get to the metro station because i was suddenly caught in a Police Operation where the policeman had preoccupation i had never seen. They halted all of traffic, and then they came in with their bulletproof vests, their heavy weapons on their shoulder, absolutely worried. Thats when we understood something very very, very big was going on, and obviously i was afraid, but i looked at the other people around me. There were hundreds of people and lots of kids because theres a high school right there and we all together, i think individually, but at the same time decided not to be afraid and this is also what this rally is about. Whoever out there wants to divide us or wants to kill us, we say, we are not afraid. Raquel, i thank you very much. As you just heard, the french have turned out en masse here politicians, ordinary citizens. This has been dubbed by one of the more highly respective newspapers, these have been dubbed equal to 9 11 for the french. All of the french population knows where they were at the time of the attacks and this is possibly a very important moment in their life and this historic march clearly is also. Historic indeed. Thank you very much. Also thank you to raquel garibdo who you just heard from there. Just as weve been speaking to chloe and raquel, weve been getting news that organizers have said that up to 1. 5 Million People are taking part in the march this sunday in paris. Were also hearing that 900,000 people are marching outside of paris in cities like leon, bordeau and masse. Weve also seen a lot of foreign dignitiaries coming into paris for this event. Weve seen dozens and dozens of World Leaders, heads of government and heads of state participating in this unity march. One of the dignitary ies whos here, dick mashalty, the foreign minister of albania and i have the pleasure of welcoming him to our set. Minister, thank you very much for being here. Im going to let my colleague chris take over in a moment, but i want to ask you first about your reaction, about what youre witnessing in paris and in france this sunday. Actually, its a huge demonstration by the entire international community, i would say, because the murderous events that took place during this week in france have affected not only the french society, but the entire world, because we are dealing with crime such as terrorism, and we have to stand up for our own values, to protect our own values, and also to protect and strengthen the future here, where france is being seen as coming from albania. We were here today in the state delegation led by the Prime Minister, with a group of ministers, and most importantly with four religious leaders representing muslim, christian, and also this community of my country. Representing in this way also the interfaith and very Good Corporation that exists among the different religious communities and believers in my country. Mr. Bushati, christopher joining in here. You come from a vulcan country with a predominantly muslim population. You met with president alat. What did he tell you . What did he ask you . President alond appreciated very much the fact that our delegation is quite unique. Also with our leaders it seems that there is a conference about the fact that everyone is cherishing a lot of the religious harmony existing in my country, the fact that france has chosen the first european destination last september was to precisely give this message that we should continue to work with community leaders, with religious leaders, and we should continue to promote religious harmony even in digital areas for europe, such as vulcan. Albania has been a very good example in this respect, and we would be more than happy to cooperate also with other countries in this direction today is about marching. Tomorrow will be about finding solutions to tackle this problem of terrorism which hasnt only hit france as we know, but other european countries. Tell us very concretely, what should europe do . What measures should europeans take . Actually, as i stated this is a global challenge. Its like the challenge we have been facing recently with the socalled foreign fighters, which have affected basically europe europe, and also bolcan which is in one way or another can serve as a gate keeper between middle east and europe. This is a very political one, and we believe the European Union and europe in general will be a little more strategic rather than acting technical, because there can be no competition with those extreme forces and terrorist forces, but its important to act in a more unified way, to complete the process of reunification of a few of the such. Secondly, its very important also to engage with forces in other continents to encourage them to continue with the same path in terms of reforms and also to continue with education and cultural issues. We need to communicate more and exchange more and have a stronger europe emerge out of this. Im sorry, you speak of a stronger europe, and we have had voices throughout the day, and weve also heard from european interior ministers who say that they are keen and they are willing to do more to share intelligence, for instance intelligence on individuals who might be trying to plan the kind of attacks that we have seen throughout the week here in paris. Do you think that is going to happen . Do you think the government in europe and elsewhere, for that matter intended to obviously if governments are keen on getting intelligence from abroad, they may not be willing to let go of the information they have and to share that information. Intelligence sharing is key in this respect. But is it going to happen . I think we have had some very good and encouraging facts regarding terror, specifically dealing with several issues, including my own country, basically applying different schemes of population, and one of them is intelligence sharing. And again, i think this is only one dimension of how we could face this issue. First and foremost important one is the political dimension. How do we see the future in five years, in 10 years . Especially in a world that is really changing quite dramatically, and how we would also submit the transatlantic bond, not only in terms of words, but in terms of deeds, in terms of complete commitments, not only in the security area, but also in trade and economic related aspects. And finally, youre not part of the European Unit yet, but you have applied. What is so unique about the e. U. Is the Free Movement of people in the shanninga zone. People are calling for stricter controls at the border. Are you worried that as a result of these attacks, shangan, the very existence will be challenged . Very often, yes. I believe it will be more important to think and act about the future design of europe, and again, first, we have an area that is called bocan, where a Success Story was post about due to the european dream and european project, and we need to strengthen this corporation to complete as soon as possible the reunionfication process of the continent, and finally i think its time to engage more with other parts of the world that would like or are willing to share with europe the same values in todays paris unity march, i have seen lots of dignitaries coming from our world and coming from overseas, so basically, there is a growing consensus about the necessities to act together, especially when we are facing these terrorists coming from within. Minister, lots of albanians are tweeting, we are charlie, or i am charlie. Je suis charlie. Ill take that as a yes. Including myself. Thank you very much. The Prime Minister of albania. I know you have a busy schedule so well let you go. We certainly appreciate you coming by the studios. And now im being told that were going to turn to our reporter, Rochelle Ferguson whos joining us from place de juan, the end goal, so to speak, of a lot of marches this sunday in the french capital. Which is the other end of this unity march, and rochelle is standing by for us rochelle. Marcus, i think one of your guests just said it there religious and racial harmony is really coming out of place de la nation today. There are lots of people here now. Were getting estimates and it cant be confirm, but it would make this the biggest march that france has seen. Whats importanted b today or interesting is that a lot of people have never come out to march before. Were talking to more and more people who said i felt absolutely compelled to take to the streets today. One of those people is with me now. This is the first time that you hav