Bloomberg knows better than that. Thatheard some people say we stop crime. I can go door to door and stick it in. We cannot do that. I wish you would emphasize that we cannot allow Police Officers to do that because the constitution says you cannot. I appreciate the point. That is one more point from the judges ruling. Judges ruling. It may lower the crime rate but it is unconstitutional. That is not where we begin, that is where we end. Situation, you can lock down an entire city. In that particular situation, that made sense will stop sense. Legal and moral problems. We cannot look at these issues through the narrow problem prism of what could reduce crime. We have to look at Public Safety and the fact that we are a democracy with open values and tolerance. Some sense of equal treatment. Even people who disagree with me and think that this is a toward that should be used sometimes and disagrees with the court, i should mention, we have to look see our eyes wide open to how these programs are working. Try to come together as a society which is always been hard for us. Our raciale of experience and figure out how we can Work Together as a society. This is why these issues are important and i appreciate our last call and everyones input on this. Re melber. You can watch them on the cycle. He is a correspondent on the nation. Com. If you like to do that, his guilty issumed premiering on msnbc will stop on the next washington journal, the rise of the conversation on drones and privacy issues. 745, and seven 45, would talk about domestic drones at 7 45, we talk about the usage of domestic drones. , a privacy and west. Washington journal begins live at 7 00 a. M. Eastern time every day on cspan. Wednesday, the center for American Progress hosts a former a forum for preventing and ending human trafficking. Obamas halfsister will be a speaker at the event. Remember the march ending and dr. King delivering that speech will stop president kennedy invited us back to the white house and he stood in the door of the oval office to meet each one of us. He was like a beaming and proud father. He was glad that everything had gone so well. E said, you did a good job he said to dr. King, you had a dream. Tomorrow, we will look back with a Panel Conversation with john lewis and your chance to call in and comment. Starting at 1 00 p. M. Eastern time. Ladieson two of first begins monday, september 9 with a look at the life of the Edith Roosevelt will stop we have encore presentations of season one. Each weekday, at 9 00 p. M. , programs from Martha Washington to ida mckinley. Margaret taylor and Abigail Fillmore. Sarah polk was up on diplomacy and intelligence. She made no bones about having an interest in politics and being her husbands partner. She group in a political household. She grew up loving politics and she married james after he won a seat in the legislature will stop he not does she would not have mailing legislature. She would not have married him otherwise will stop otherwise. Throughout their long and illustrious political career. She lived there many years. Generals on both sides would pay their respects. It is an interesting commentary on what beloved status she held. She was honest about her husbands work. She went to every post she could go to with him. She went through the arduous journey. She was very wellliked in the diplomatic community. They met all kinds of people. Friends and enemies and others. They had to make things work. They were very experienced people. They were more sophisticated than what is around them. She felt that women should develop their mind and cultivate scholarship as much as men. Pretty groundbreaking at that point in our history for a first lady to do. Today, first ladies have causes, literacy and reading would have been Abigail Fillmores cause. This bookshelf was of the First White House library. She much preferred being in a room with a good book to standing in a receiving line making mindless chatter. Abigail was a wonderful seamstress. We do have her quilt here. A very colorful quilt. She was one of the true intellectuals. She loved reading. She was very caught up on politics and very much liked being a part of all the cultural accoutrements that came with living in washington. Welcome to cspan series first ladys influence and image. In this we will meet three first ladies. They served during the 1840s and early 1850s as tensions continue to grow over the issue of slavery. To introduce us to sarah polk Emma Margaret taylor, and Abigail Fillmore, we have two historians. An author and historian in Historic Preservation. And a historian and legal scholar based at Albany Law School, the author of a biography of Millard Fillmore. Welcome to both of you. James k. Polk is sometimes described as the least known influential president. Would you agree with that and why . Is certainly not are well known, and he is certainly important. When he was nominated for president , he had no public office. He had twice lost the governorship of tennessee. Before that he had been a one term governor, and before that a member of congress. He was a lawyer, practicing law in tennessee. He was what is known as the dark horse candidate. He had hoped to get the Vice President s nomination, that is what he was pushing for. And suddenly, out of nowhere polk is the president ial nominee. Most people dont know who he is. He becomes president and almost immediately puts us in a position to have a war with mexico. He pushes for the war. He is prepared to declare war on mexico, and sends troops, including Zachary Taylor, who will be the next president , he send Zachary Taylor to the Mexican Border in an area that is completely disputed at all International Asset belongs to mexico. Polk says it is american land. While taylors troops are there, he goes to his counted and they vote on a saturday afternoon to ask for a declaration of war against mexico. That night, he gets a message, because it takes a long time to get information from mexico to washington. That night he gets a message that taylors troops have been in combat. He rewrites his message to congress, saying, american troops have been killed on american soil. Abraham lincoln would later give a speech in which he would say, show us the spot where it took place. It was not on american soil. He gets us into war in mexico. It also means the complete blowup of all the compromises and cushions the country headlong into what would ultimately be secession and civil war. But we dont know anything about him. His wife is also, frequently when you do modern struggle surveys of influential first ladies, she is always in the top tier. Always. Why . She was truly a political partner with her husband. They did not have children at a time when women were expected to be mothers and hearth and home, the keepers of the faith. She was very much her husbands political equal and his partner. She never went too far within the boundaries of what a proper victorian or Early Victorian lady should be in the 19th century. That everyone knew that they shared an office in the private apartments. She was active in discussions at the many state dinners they had. And he would ask her to mark newspapers and articles for him to read. She was a sounding board. Franklin pierce before he became president , told her husband that he would much rather talk politics with sarah polk then with james polk. And yet, the women of the time excepted her. She was very highest, very religious. A strict presbyterian. She did not allowed to go white house. She got rid of hard liquor. But they had wine and brandy with the frequent dinners they had. She was not a prude, but very much a woman who knew what she wanted and that her rules out and everyone had to play according to those rules. She was respected for it. She was very popular. To introduce you to the polks, we will take you to the polk ancestral home. The house they lived in together no longer exist. But this Historic Site contains much of the history of the family. We will take you there next. This is the inaugural fan. An incredible piece of history. It was a gift from president polk to his wife, sarah. She carried it with her on day of his inauguration. It is gilt paper with bone styles and lithographic images of the first 11 president s from washington all the way through james k polk. She carried it with her all throughout the inauguration in the spring of 1845. The back is as beautiful as the front and features a lithographic image of the declaration of independence. The pokes came into the white house, a young, vibrant couple amidst a Democratic Party that was widely split. James k. Polk said he would run for a single term only and then step down. Sarah polk used the white house to enhance her husband political prestige. Dining in their white house was a serious affair. Twice a week, on tuesdays and fridays, mrs. Polk would entertain 5075 people coming to dinner. The china that they used was beautiful. It is considered some of the most beautiful of the white house china. It features the president ial seal embossed along the side, the dinners that is white embossed with gold. They had a tea set that was blue and a dessert set in green. She did not allow alcohol in the white house, her presbyterian upbringing precluded that. That is not exactly the case. She stopped the serving of whiskey punches, but mine was one of their largest goals during their years there. The more interesting objects in the collection, speaks to sarah and her ability with music am a we have a music book that has handwritten notations. One of the songs featured inside is the song hail to the chief, which she is credited with starting as the official president ial anthem during her time as first lady. A moment to ask about that. There is a little controversy between our last program with the tylers, who are also claiming that they introduced hail to the chief. Is there a definitive answer on that jacko i wont touch it. [laughter] [laughter] it came about in the 1840s it is possible that the tylers used and the polks and confirmed its use. It is silly to worry about something about that. There are so many more important is to talk about. You drew the contrast with juliet tyler who brought dancing to the white house. Who ended her brief tenure by throwing a huge party as they left the white house. Was sarah polk more in touch with the times . Sarah polk it has been called an imperial presidency. Meaning that the couple fought the office of the presidency and the white house as the official executive residence needed to be highly respected. It was more formal protocol and so on. It was a very liberal approach. You could come with an introduction to any of their receptions. Polk was a democrat. At the same time, they were well dressed, there were more formal dinners. There were multiple courses. It was considered an honor to be at the white house. Basically, sarah polk said, dancing at the white house is not dignified. She was known for frugality. The president making a 25,000 a year salary, and expenses for the what has huckabee paid out of that. How was her frugality seen by washington and the public . She reorganized the staffing at the white house. She was very well organized. What she did was hired a steward. They brought in their own servants and got rid of some of the paid that the white house. She then got her steward to cut deals with the various vendors, grocers, and so on in the washington area. If they give them significant discounts, they would give them the royal seal, as it were. Endorsement . [laughter] it is the american version of that. If you want us to buy all of your roles for all of our white house dinners, which were a lot, then youll have to give us a discount. It worked. They were very frugal in that way. During the entire time they were married. Just to clarify, she brought in her own servants, these were slaves. I was about to say, she owned those servants. That is important to understand. That they come from very wealthy circumstances and our slaveowners and bring a lot of assets with them. Again, they can afford to be president , just as john tyler can afford to be president. We have a quote from her, i would like to have you put this into context. She writes if i can be so fortunate as to reach the white house, i expect to live on 25,000 a year and i will neither keep house or make butter. Like Hillary Clinton the cookies. The context of it, someone said, i think i will vote for his opponent in the race, because they say his wife keeps a good house. And makes her own butter. That was sarahs retort. By god, she did live on the 25,000 a year and did not keep house. She ran the house. She did not make butter. She made sure that utter was made efficiently and the place was run well. Slave mistresses dont make butter must they enjoy the handicraft of making butter. It is important to see this love for sarah polk and for Margaret Taylor. I want to tell folks that this is an interactive program. We are working Facebook Comments and tweets in already. We also want to take your telephone calls. Who put the phone number on the screen and began taking your phone in questions as well throughout our program here. The three first ladies we are featuring in this part of the series. Dolley madison has been part of our series this is her last hurrah. What was her role with the polk white house . She had come back to washington. Sarah polk and dolly became very close. Dolly mentor to sarah and sarah fed her. Which was important because she was very broke. She treated her as the grand dame and honored her in their entertainment. They were the two war first ladies. War of 1812 in the mexican war. There are many parallels between the two. The sense of self, the sense of fashion, the understanding the role of the first lady and conveying of the sort of, indirect that would support her husbands residency. It is not easy to be a first lady during war. You were many detractors as the war went on. Polk went in and said i will do the following things in four years, and he did. This is also the first time we have photography. And we have a fabulous photograph to show you on screen right now. Which brings together a number of these characters all in one place. Here are the polks, Dolly Madison is the second from the right with her turbine. And we have an opportunity here to see harriet lane, served as white house hostess later on. And sarah polk and Dolly Madison and james k. Polk. Photography as a political tool, how do politicians absorb this new technology and begin to use it for their benefit . They are just beginning to figure this out. You really dont get it until the 1850s and maybe the 1860 election when photography is everywhere. Now it is almost a novelty. It is not all that terrific. You have to sit for a long time. It is not a single shot in the picture is there. You have to sit there rigidly and not move while the photograph is being taken. They are moving toward photography. Much more important than photography is the very sophisticated line of type and art in newspapers. You have Wonderful Campaign posters being done. When polk runs, currier of currier and ives does a Campaign Poster for his opponent. With a picture of henry clay. They are using that kind of technology. Photography you probably want to save for the fillmores and beyond. We also have the first known photograph of the white house. We will show it next. We are working with the White House Historical association throughout the series. As we look at this white house of 1846, sarah polk brought some innovations to the white house. Central heating and gas lighting. She didnt actually bring them. [laughter] lets say they arrived. Central heating and asked lighting, she didnt hold out when they put in the gaslight and insisted the oval room of the white house be left with candlelight. When they turned on the gaslight, when they shut it down for the light, the whole white house went dark. The oval room was still lit with the beautiful candlelight. There were experiments. It ultimately failed the president ial family a lot of money. They had to keep the white house out of that 25,000 salary. These efficiencies did come in, starting with the polks. Central heating in the white house mustve been a great innovation. It mustve been a joke. [laughter] i dont think you would have been very warm. Other than the alternative. Got it. You wonder, the nice warm fireplace in the right room keeps that room warm. What you are getting at, which is always true for the white house, for every presidency, is that technology is going to change the way president campaign, the way they betray themselves and the way president ial families live. Notice, by the way, you just had a picture of him sitting there. That is what you had to do when you are getting a photograph taken. I just saw a picture of john kennedy giving a speech with his fist in the air. You can almost see his fist shaking in the photograph. You can do that here. Not as much sense of personality in the us photographs. We get a bad sense of personality. That these people are absolutely stiff and frozen and have no personality. They are dead. It is daybreak to keep them still. They are not smiling. It would be too hard to smile that long. The question from twitter what was sarahs educational background that allowed her to be so politically savvy and an equal to her famous husband . Her father was a great leader in educating women. She and her older sister were educated at academies in murphysboro, nashville, and then he sent them to the Salem Academy in winstonsalem. Salem college today. 500 miles away. It took him a month to get there. They were there for two years. She was unusually welleducated for her time. I think that atmosphere encouraged her to speak her mind and participate in discussions. She grew up in a political household. Next question on twitter we will answer by video. Dave murdoch asked lets watch this video. Then we will talk with you about this, b