Other efforts . A Super Committee [indiscernible] all these issues around transparency and oversight [indiscernible] and the way forward. Thank you. I do not know. I would be curious to hear what those kindss is and of programs. Is there a blueprint . I hesitate to say there is a blueprint because that sounds so concrete and fixed. There are certainly those conversations going on. They go on between the iraqi authorities and key institutional donors and Civil Society groups. And iraqi organizations. If you take the example of how do you program most effectively to stabilize areas that have recently been retaken from isis, for example. Within those conversations all are looking at this issue seriously and developing their own strategies for engagement. I think one of the kind of key messages of this research is within that conversation and within that roadmapping and blueprinting. The necessityet bignvesting equally as evidence and Civil Societys role in governments as you might invest in infrastructure. Very output heavy in the sense we will repair the water system and we will rebuild a certain number of schools. What people in the service tell us is it is not necessarily the most important factor for them. The most important factor is they feel their voices are listened to and things change when they vocalize those needs. Would appear that one of the ast effective is supporting very active and Civil Society and within that two key factors. Of organization, able to build the level of professionalism and focusing we are talking about. If you look at what a lot of said this is the most important Civil Society assessment. Thank you. Thoughtprovoking and thorough presentation. I am very curious in going further into defining investment in Civil Society that might impact the marginalization sense that you spoke of in the youth. So that we can get the most effective construct for change. And if there might be any ways of achieving that end result that you might recommend. Based on your evaluation of the data and your knowledge of what is going on on the ground. Think one of the key recommendations on that issue often programs that are focused on youth tend to look at it in a very kind of single issue. You might put a Huge Investment into a youth of climate employment program. What young people tell us and data shows is that the most Effective Programs are not ones that share the kind of project focus. It is looking at young peoples experience and programming with young people at the center. That holistic approach that recognizes that young people do not live their lives in silos. I am about think youth employment. The most Effective Programs are addressing that sense of marginalization. And to start to address the totality which sounds complex but comes down to a set of methodologies in terms of engagement. Something as simple as. Sychosocial counseling it can be powerful in affecting the sense of being able to control their own destinies. Question, and the best of circumstances trying to governance is a challenging road. You always stumble on and hit vested interests and you talk about that in your report. There is the vested interest in governance but you have also regionalerest in interest in the proxy wars that are happening and affecting and wiping out some of the investments you make whether it is in [indiscernible] how do you see the effect youn mark trying to look from the prism of the vested interest, local or regional. Is this a worthwhile investment,s this a way to counter that can you speak about that challenge . Obviously the answer is yes. Investing in iraq is a worthwhile investment. Give the right value to. Heir regional dynamics i think that they can they are already affecting a lot of what is happening. That peace believe building in iraq and the region has to start bottomup and this focusing at the Grassroots Level at this stage because we know that working at not bero level now might the best option. I think that investing in the Grassroots Level investing in Civil Society investing in the government at the local level is worthwhile. Pursueduld be definitely. About looking at what the data tells you. We have seen it work. If the question is is investing in Civil Society in iraq and effective investment in terms of your ability to familiar eight the effect, our experience is yes, it is an effective investment. It is an investment we will continue to make. Thatthough the program gave birth to this data is an did. Were not going to back away inm a belief in investment iraqi Civil Society because we have witnessed time and again their ability to challenge vested interests and change the dynamics. And yes, it is an incremental process. It is a very imperfect situation. Witnessed Civil Society effecting positive change. Will continue to make that investment. I will take the last round of questions so that we leave any final remarks. We have several. Several questions here first and then second, i will go to the last. I have to apologize. Hopefully after the panel there will be time to indirect with the panel here. My question is the integration of these efforts in the knowledge to come out of the story with the ongoing activities in iraq right now. Have mosul. We underlying is clearing the terrain of hostile actors, holding that terrain with security and building it with the institutions that have some permanence to them. The efforts being done by the Iraqi Government in Civil Society, the focus on these highpriority areas that are in the radar screen. I wanted to followup on the comment you made about having a holistic approach to the issues that young people face. Especially the psychosocial aspects of dealing with them. I think all the issues we have discussed, the lack of opportunities, injustice, poverty, are not issues that are going to not going to go away overnight. The people that will be doing with them if they are offered certain highly researched and evidencebased techniques to handle negative emotions that are part of that region, frustration, anger, feelings of high stress. Perhaps they can do with those issues, it can be better and they are not so ready to resort to violence. I am just wondering although this is a very useful and informative research. Are there any studies or interest in doing research on programs that have offering these kinds of tools and techniques especially to young people so that violence is not a first option in the region. Thank you. This came up a little bit about the importance of longterm research but also the importance of longterm programs. Until 2014 u. S. Funding for Civil Society in iraq and peace building was precipitously declining. Concentrateped to the mind. Close toth ramadi being cleared, there is 50,000 for stabilization and more funding. The focus is on rebuilding infrastructure. There is tremendous damage. They will be tremendous need of peace building, healing the divides that isis leaves behind. I am curious how this report has been received by usaid, state department, policy makers, does this seem to be more interest in longerterm funding for Civil Society and also for use which make up a majority of iraq in the longerterm. Thank you. I have to and here and give the panel the opportunity to respond. Diving into a comment you made on corruption within the Police Sector i wonder if you could dive into security and defense corruption a little bit more. Is that the unique pillar of the government that is causing perceptions of corruption or marginalization and his Civil Society looking into Corruption Police in the defense sector. Are they having issues with those sectors in iraq . Ask each one of you will have the a minute and a half to address all these questions and make any closing remarks. The has been one very good trial that i am aware of. The basic finding is that there be alone does not work. Therapy combined with fairly large amounts of cash to reinforce good behavior. It does seem to work. That is one study in liberia. So maybe not applicable in iraq. On your question about the available tools. As i said, very little is being done to the best of my knowledge. I am not aware of any extensive programs that are providing such tools to young people. I want to end on a positive note. On then our experience issue or what we did in northern syria, hes building at the local level is possible. It can be successful. You can prevent further violence from interrupting. This is why we are continuing our programming in the region and we call on other agencies to do so. To try and take off things on in order. It question on Effective Program models. It is imperative that you get stabilization policy right. In these areas like ramadi or to that have beent retaken. I think a lot of that is thinking through how you do that most effectively. Most conversations are flavored cotter influence stabilization approach. What this report tries to help in eliminating is how you might address that weakness. Through looking at several people haveveral talked about making large investments in peace building and conflict mitigation. The institutional donors to recognize the importance of those approaches and programs and areas of conflict and stabilization. Maybe we are not investing enough to make them truly effective. I think it is a question of volume. It is a question of getting that voice into conversation area conversation. Whether it is the development flavored program, all of that work we do conflict mitigation work, by duke peace building work, we work with iraqi Civil Society groups. Of engagement in iraq which has been through a period characterized i largescale conflict and fragility is that the has been effective approach and has not been given the prominence in terms of the strategies, Government Strategies or strategies by key institutional and national [indiscernible] its ability to build effective stabilization. Holistic approach is to use programming, i will not speak to that. Three priorityr areas of research. Basic answer the question, what works, what does not work. A Research Agenda and we hope to continue building that research in terms of a what you have been talking about. For peace building and Civil Society. Do you want to comment . No. Ok. It looks back to the previous comment. Thatessage is appropriate levels of investment in iraq it peace building and capacity is an imperative if you want to have effective stabilization. Of a very fragile state. I do not think the survey itself does not look that specifically into perceptions of corruption among particular improve as well. About that. Talk you so much. I like the title of the report to my investing in iraqs piece. From the last questions, it is not only an investment in iraqs pace as it relates to countering and stabilizing after isis but also in an investment in preventing violence down the road. I think it is a worthwhile investment. And stabilization probably a year ago may not have been part of the it was incorporated more recently. We can see more efforts going into supporting dialogue efforts and that is definitely the right trend. I hope that will increase. Ourse join me in thanking panelists and the researchers on the great work they have done with a round of applause. [applause] the chair, Jason Chaffetz will talk about the role of his committee and discuss some of the investigations. Fromis live this morning the Brookings Institution and 8 30 eastern on cspan two. The head of the Small Business and ministrations testifies about mismanagement. At 11 00 eastern also on cspan2. Book tv has 48 hours of Nonfiction Book and authors every weekend. Here are some programs to watch this weekend. Saturday at seven eastern, book tv is at the university of wisconsin to discuss the book of the march on washington. This is a movement that was at the core of many peoples beliefs about what this nation to should be what this nation should be. It changed a lot of minds. Their commitment to inequality. P. M. At 10 00 p. M. Eastern, the look at the cheney in his book cheney, one on one. He is interviewed by former White House Press secretary for the bush administration. No one on the right has attracted more of its real from vitriol fromore the left. Eastern,day at 5 00 life magazine intervening editor talks about her art and the latest book, drawing blood. I started out writing personal essays. Deal, peoplee book really liked them. I had this fantasy that since i ,ave written a 2000 word essay writing a 100,000 word book would not be that hard. Watch book tv all weekend, weekend,nd all every weekend. Now a discussion on the prevention of youth sports concussions. Will hear about research we will hear about research, and whether there will be a standard. This was hosted by the National Press club. We are here to talk about other youth sports injuries. This panel will offer an examination of data and concussion research. State policies and whether or not the u. S. Department of education should adopt mandates. Every state has a concussion related lawn the books. And they sports and youth Injury Program by galatian on the books. Enforcement is the issue and compliance is the issue. That is what the doctors this morning and the sports data person will be talking to us about. My name is mike smith and i serve on the National PressClub Newsmaker committee. Joanne helped us get it started today. I am a columnist for campaigns and elections magazine and a blog writer for huffington post. I also own my own Public Affairs shop in reston, virginia, and have been a member of the National Press club for 25 years. I tweet, so you will see a lot of tweets, dcconcussions. You will find Additional Information under our National Press club site. Various press releases have been put on the wire this morning including Health Research on the way here. Washingtons department of health provided a grant to Childrens National medical medstar, and the agency first didnt Health Research, offering their Technology Platform to collect data and information from parents, teachers, and coaches, and provide information for diagnostic questions to help student athletes. This will refer to a monitoring and Prevention Program implemented on the playground of the d. C. Parks and rec department. The will smith movie, concussion, has returned attention to the issue of football and concussions. An item we just saw on the Cable Network about a sports injury, a young athlete, a student who suffer from cte it was found. It is not just nfl players. The movie noted the first autopsy, which helps identify, indicates the player may be hit tens of thousands of times in the head from high school up until college and onward to pro football. 28 of pro Football Players might suffer from brain injury. I will not limit the discussion to football. We are talking about injury across the board and a lot is going on not allowing headers in the early parts of Young Athletes careers. Society is becoming aware of the issue and so is congress and this eighth. I will mention a few things that happened in the last few weeks on the hill and statehouses that will allow us to provide for a policy discussion as well as a Tech Knowledge he platform discussion. It is interesting to see we have education beat reporters, technology, sports, and health and medical. This issue traverses a lot of different beats. Fred upton has just said it reaches epidemic proportions as a Public Health issue. Three days before christmas, the congressman fred upton called for a congressional investigation of concussions. He announced the broad review for the house energy and commerce committee. A chairman announced the committee will have a broad review of the injuries at the beginning of the year. This will include medical experts, professionals, nih, military, and the Scientific Research community and other stakeholders. He said we often hear about concussions in the context of servicemembers and athletes but this goes well beyond. It is a matter of Public Health , as these injuries are prevalent in all ages and across all populations. How it affects subsets of the population, and other details critical to developing diagnostics treatments. Thanks to public awareness, there are promising efforts underway. We have an opportunity to improve our understanding and better care for kids and families. Another congressional caucus that has begun to take action is the congressional youth sports caucus. Two of the chairs are marked of texas and they work to inspect health, safety, fun, and physical activity among players, sports leaders, and parents. What we have learned is this is really a partnership between educators, schools, parents, coaches, and student athletes. What is this caucus doing around the issues of concussions . We are finding out that the caucus plans to meet and continue discussions. I would finally like to go to the state house, richmond. Just on the 15th of december of la