Transcripts For CSPAN Key Capitol Hill Hearings 20160824

Unsuccessful. Were spending a lot of money. 13,000 per person. A lot of that is on health care. 45 of it. That is where congress decided to spend the money. The nation has made a great commitment to helping the poor. It increases every year. Third issue, the causes. The first is work rates. The longterm decline of work among males. The work rate among young black males, before the rescission, we before the recession, we have a real problem with male employment. For reasons that are not clear. Females, the opposite. They work more. Married women had joined the labor force. Never married mothers. The poorest group of mothers have had a spectacular increase in employment and even today, the likelihood that they have a job is greater, about 20 and it was before welfare reform. That group is working a lot. Wages. These are astounding. The wages at the 10th percentile and blow our where they were 30 and below are where they were 30 years ago. It is hard to make progress against poverty as we are always going to have temper sent of 10 of the people below the 10 . As long as wages there dont increase, no matter what we do, it is a real problem. If they work fulltime as a minimum wage, they will not be out of poverty. Family composition is the fifth horseman of the apocalypse. It is the biggest cause of poverty. We have had a huge increase with poverty rates for five times the rate they married couple families. About 70 of black children, 45 of white children, born outside of marriage. The probability of being poverty is very high. Education is a very big issue. I would say that our educational system at the preschool level, k12 and post secondary needs a lot of work. I would not say it is a joy. I think the most promising is fiscal. The most promising is preschool. A few strategies to fight poverty. Personal responsibility is key. We are still going to have a brake problem if people dont make choices. We have to do something about peoples decisions to drop out of school, decisions to work, decisions to get married. The first strategy is give them money. That is what we did with the elderly. We have a low elderly poverty rate as a result of social security. That strategy will not work for young ablebodied americans because americans dont think ablebodied people to get welfare. The second strategy is to do Everything Possible to encourage and force people to work and subsidize their income. This is a highly bipartisan solution. Work requirements and very generous work support. Medicaid, income tax credit, childcare. We have passed at least 40 pieces of legislation to make our system more friendly to working families. The two other strategies we need to emphasize work and maintain the work support system. The child tax credit. The two other things i mentioned, education. We should focus on preschool. We have instructed to that highquality preschool can make a big difference. Childcare that we spend, we can improve the quality. We have lots of strategies. We can reduce teen pregnancy. We have strategies. We have a number of programs including more coverage of comprehensive familyplanning services and mass Advertising Campaigns and teen pregnancy programs. If we spend more money, we would reduce nonmarital birth rates. Thank you, mr. Chairman. As we wrap up this look at the 1996 welfare laws, 20 years later, were joined again by matt from the Washington Post. It is reported that Hillary Clinton support for the 1996 welfare hurt her relationship. What might we see from the president Hillary Clinton on the welfare issue . It was very controversial at the time she signed it. He resigned from his position in the Clinton Administration and protest. There was some acrimony between the first lady and her mentor at the time. As to what the clintons policies would be if she were elected Hillary Clintons policies would be if you were elected, it is difficult to say. She has said she would like to increase the federal minimum wage which could improve wages for people who are working by not making their much money. She has also said she would like to limit expenses on childcare to about 10 of any familys income. As a result, people with very little in the way of income would have substantial subsidies from the federal government in order to make sure the kids are taken care of while they are working. That policy would help make ends meet. If donald trump wins the election, what could we see out of a cup Administration Trump administration . Of course, donald trump positions on these issues have changed. It is difficult to predict his policies. However, donald trump and paul ryan have indicated some willingness to cooperate on these issues. Paul ryan has a number of very detailed ideas on how the countrys Public Assistance Program should be reported in paul ryan is able to convince donald trump to take an interest in his ideas and you can imagine that donald trump might propose endorsed paul ryans proposal to turn over major Public Assistance Programs to state governments. Paul ryan argued that given the states control of how these programs are administered would allow the states to solve the problems that people in poverty expense in the daily bail us experience on a daily basis. The states have a unique perspective. On the other side, democrats tend to oppose paul ryans idea of creating a block grant in turning that money over to the states because they do not trust state officials to administer the money in a way that is fair and puts the interest of americas poor first. Who else is driving this . That is a very good question. One has to mention senator Bernie Sanders who ran unsuccessfully as a candidate for the democratic president ial nomination. In addition to that, one might mention some other liberal members of congress such as rosa delauro and others. It does remain to be seen. The composition of the Congress Next year will be different. Who will be a leader and who will remain are questions. Thank you very much for joining us. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] live on cspan to an event with Information Technology executives looking at Cyber Security in the Energy Sector. Speaking at this event hosted by the institute for Critical Infrastructure technology. Live coverage on cspan. The event should be Getting Started in a few moments. [inaudible conversations] togood evening and welcome tonights briefing entitled the Energy Sector hacker report. Authored by james scott and drew spaniel. My name is a senior fellow. Im delighted to have you join us. I want to welcome our viewers through cspan. Before begins a nice briefing, let me share a few words about icit. The institute for Critical Infrastructure technology is america Cyber Security think tank. We create dialogue with Senior Executives from federal agencies. Private sector organizations who variousrate and stakeholders in the house and senate. The foundation of the institute is built on original Research Published by icit and available for download on our website icitech. Org. The institute for Critical Infrastructure technology and are honor to provide advisor to the legislative community and federal agencies which include initiatives to support and socialize programs and resources coming out of the federal government. Our Fellows Program is comprised of some of the most respected experts in the country representing the most cutting Edge Technologies being deployed in Critical Infrastructures today. Part of our work includes recognizing our most prominent thought leaders. To share with you the Keith Alexander the, the former director of the nsa and tony scott seven selected as our pinacle awardd recipients. General alexander and mr. Scott will be held at our benefit held in november in washington, d. C. Our program will be thoughtprovoking and eyeopening. Despite the serious subject of our conversation this evening, this is not intended to invoke fear in the audienc. E e. Have a factbased discussion on the vulnerabilities in infrastructure and to discuss how we must respond to this threat to protect what many consider to be the most Critical Infrastructure of our country. Before we get started, i want to announce the date and topic of our next briefing. They will be entitled hacking hospitals, an analysis of deep web market places for Electronic Health records. We put our original paper this year. Now we know the Health Sector is a vulnerable in a multiple number of ways and many layers of vulnerability with each hospital acting as its own microcosm of vulnerability. This phenomenon has been reported heavily but the coverage seems to focus on reporting the breach and possibly talking about the attack sector that was used in the incident. What we believed to be missing from this conversation is a discussion on what happens to those records and pii after the incident occurs. Where they sold aand for how much . What makes more record more about one record more valuable than the others . And you are the state actors behind these breaches . How are they purchasing and exploiting our systems . Paper, our guest speaker will be the acting leo skammen. Underwritersnk our and remind you to engage with us on social media. You can use icit. Tonightsstarted with briefing to the Energy Sector is considered to be the most Critical Infrastructure we have. Our energy grid is riddled with vulnerabilities which have yet to be exploited in the largescale. Tonight will be discussing the current Security Posture of the Energy Sector, what vulnerabilities exist, and which bad actors are targeting the sector. The first session for the oyceing is from pete and j who will be giving a Public Sector perspective. Pete is from the department of energy and is a member of the icit gala board. Cioe hunter is a deputy from the department of agriculture. Please join me in welcoming our first speakers. [applause] thanks. I appreciate the opportunity to be here. Yeah, two the one over villanova grads. You whether what the v stands for. A good year for us. I am only 9. 5 months removed from the federal government and what is most exciting after 25 years and spending the last 7. 5 at the department of energy was the opportunity to sort of take what i was doing in my role a and that was working in the nexus of the Critical Infrastructure sectors, the 16 we know exist today, but also on this panel on this conversation we are going to talk about how thee at the usda and department of energy, the collaboration needed to talk about this complex ecosystem. My time in government was very rewarding and being on the outside now looking back, this is a topic, Critical Infrastructure, that is pervasive. It touches the Public Sector, federal government, private sector and the state and local and tribal and territorial communities as well. But private sector in the investment that is needed, the r d being done and we will talk about that part of the ecosystem and the Consumer Sector. I think most of us when we go to bed at night and flip the switch off or we drink the water or take a shower or eat the food, take a plane somewhere, i know we may appreciate it subliminally but these are the things, that is the consumer element of this infrastructure that i do not think we take for granted but when the light does not turn on or the water doesnt come on, but we rely and depend on this. Maybe there is there is a snowstorm and for two days, the power might be out. But after three, you get a little antsy and you want to get that 5 00 shave going. But you assume things will come back up. What wed like to do and to kickoff tonight and well talk about it later in our second panel is really how the federal government and the role it plays from an oversight, if you will, and the relationship that is happening not only amongst the agencies but also what kind of, the compliant versus the mandate know tohat do i need to move that pendulum forward around innovation. Because what we will talk about is not so much that the sectors themselves, the Critical Infrastructures are there to identify where we at risk across the 16, the ecosystem itself is quite diverse. Importantly, what are the threats today that are beyond physical and natural disasters. Cyber security is going to impact our Critical Infrastructures. The human factor, you think about an aging workforce. Workforce that knows the infrastructure as it exists today that was purpose built 100 years ago to do a job that it is still doing, but as we internet and its impact or the internet protocol, cool but gir which sounds the same concerns that we have Agency Business and home networks, we now have to think about those as threats as we make the grid smarter. The impactrid and it has on Critical Infrastructure. That is a little bit about my passion and interest. And i am excited to be talking with my colleague, joyce, who is going to paint a picture on the mission not only of what we may think that usda is but its impact and why dont you address some of the things we chatted about but not just what the usda is doing and its dependencies and other sectors . Joyce just as a little bit of background, i was opposite way of pete. I had been federal Government Service for 3. 5 years. Spending 25 years in industries and five years with my own i. T. Consulting company. I came from the opposite end of the spectrum. But i think that agriculture is very complex. Uran, bornirl, and raised in philadelphia urban. What did i know about agriculture . Not much. I spend a lot of my time in health care. I knew a lot about health care. I was a very mission focused person. And agriculture is an Mission Organization and with Critical Infrastructure, you have to realize what agriculture we have 29 agencies staff offices. And some of those include plant, heae animal, lth inspection or Food Nutrition Service or nat, National Agricultural statistical agency. Organizations are very influential in the marketplace. It, itu really look at is very complex because we do not only production but we also do processing and delivery. Theproduction, the farmers, producers and ranchers. The supply chain also includes areas such as processing. You have tyson foods, you have other processing organizations. Then on top of that you have the delivery, you have the Grocery Stores and then you also have the food chains that also have access to our food supply. When you look at it, any one of those areas could potentially be a target for any kind of contamination. So, we employ a lot of inspectors, meat inspectors, vegetable, egg, chicken inspectors, you name it, we can expect almost anything. Inspect almost anything. Not added tiplapia, tilapia but catfish. Because they are grown in farms. Importance to us because our job is to protect the american people. And to be able to supply those s ecurity teachers and security measures so that we can make sure that the food that is grown production perspective, and you look at it, it is more than just the food. It is the soil, what is in the soil. It is the water. It is what is in the water that actually takes care of those plants. Its pests. Severalp introduced petsts with people traveling as much as they are, we have to admit that sometimes these are not maliciously brought into this country. But they are just traveler, bugs attach themselves and they come along and they come along for the ride. They get free airfare and they ocopmeme in and lodge themselves in our citrus organizations. There is a bug destroying the citrus population in florida. And it has, imagine this, it has made its way across the country and it is now in california. We just recently had a hackath on to come up with various measures in which we can try and find this bug and reported as it is trying to grow and develop. So, those are the kinds of things that we are involved in in trying to keep her Agricultural Products safe. Pete that was awesome. You touched on a couple of things that for clarification purposes, when i mentioned that 16 infrastructure sectors, and you can find those five googling them. They are all unique. One of the themes tonight we will address is theres an unintentional silo effect that occurs with each sector or in overseesof dhs which the activities in the policies affiliated with several other sectors, so information sharing, creation, collection and analysis around each of those sectors as we migrate data to the cloud, as we engage in atalanta switches a hot in topicics which is a hot in washington or any business that was to extract value from, whether it is the intellectual property associated with the is a themee, there that is in order for us to build and create a more resilient Critical Infrastructure, yes, it is available today. The light should turn on and may turn on. You could say it is reliable to an extent, that it might be out a few hours. This injection of technology and the analytics associated with the amount of data we create is an agency, as a federal agency, i can tell from the energy value standpoint, the of turning data into information is. Extremely valuable. And that information sharing to be an effective ecosystem, excuse me, requires collaboration. And i do not mean lets get on the phone and have a Conference Call and talk about what we think is important. That is part of it. You have to be willing to a cross those sectors and across the publicprivate and Consumer Sector to engage in a dialogue that is not always at a 50,000 foot level but bring it down more to talk about maybe some of the data you half you are arerating and how you protecting it is a way i can do it as well at our agencies but also in commercial markets. A couple, you hit on things and i think this is worth referencing. The dependency on other Critical Infrastructure sectors. I never thought of food safety and security terms when i was doing a little bit of research into how usda was approaching a. From the Energy Sector, you think about generation and transmission and storage and distribution of energy, but what im eating and the impact of fertilizers. You were recently in Northern California were some of that thon, where youre doing crowdsourcing and communicating with the public to look at communication. A water trends rotation systems and chemical sectors, the food and agriculture are impacted by those. And the commercial facilities, the delivery, the supply chain. So, when we think about Critical Infrastructure in the impact that cyber is having and as all bad actors and trojans thingsms and all affiliated with more of an internet or computer or Technology Oriented discussion, there is a supply chain for food and agriculture. There is a high chain for the dam sector, a supply chain for the industrial base. Looking at that ecosystem ac ross and having the impact the internet protocol will have come he see that merging that if need to worry i about in my infrastructure and data center, it is something i need to be thinking about and have Lessons Learned and translate that out into if you are commercial owneroperator in the case of an electric utility, oi or natural gas, and the production facilities and the fda. So, let me ask you a question. We hear a lot about this tension, regulation and compliance and then in an agency that is the ultimate nonprofit, the federal government. We are investing money in r d. A lot of the federal government pushes moneybac bakck out. How do you feel that it is balancing meeting that mail and being complied with regulation versus stimulating the ecosystem that the president is talking about when he an action plan, which says we has have have to have a much more notches reliable but more secure infrastructure that is flexible. How do address that . The governments does not necessarily move at the speed of light. But if we are going to stay things that are going on, like i mentioned before, there are natural kinds of disasters which are homegrown bugs. Are there are the bugs thart inserted from other governments and other organizations that want to get a hold of the information. So having sciencebased surveillance is critical to be able to figure out exactly what is going on. And that means youre going to have to employ and talk to other agencies. We have to have a relationship with energy. We have to have a relationship with transportation. Because, as we are growing more in warmer climates like california or arizona or other areas, and they are shipped across the United States, we have to make sure our trance makeystems are safe sure our Transportation Systems are safe. It is a multi Surveillance Systems are extremely important. We have to determine where the source of the problem is. Remember the avian flu last year . Being able to work with transportation organizations and places to bether able to provide that information letting themtime know that there is a tracking system that allows them to find out where the disease is going to be next time. Up whenu only starts the weather is starting to get. Find have some tracking device on the bird. It is a lot of sciencebased information that you have to employ that sometimes legislation is innovative. Sometimes it does not communicate with each other. Ande is a lot of fear uncertainty and doubt. A lot of people will think that too much of scientific experimentation leads to the as itnstein affect where is necessary to inform. Everyone to make better decisions. That is what we use the data for. It is going to affect them and what they can do to mitigate it. Legislation sometimes is slow to come about. Sometimes a lot of the directives that come with money. The unfunded mandate. A lot of time when we are thinking that it is not moving fast enough that is because the mandates did not come with any fun. So it is not that we dont want to do it but it is sometimes that we have to figure out how we can do it. Burden on thebe a agency that is providing that particular service. Pointshit on a couple of which is that there is definitely no service where it represents reference to a lot of the chronology. Noteslighted 10 in my that i find that builds on one another. For those of you listening and watching, there is a lot of material. Facto portal. What does Critical Infrastructure mean . Its the animals. It is electricity. It is this data that is distributed and that we hear and read about. As theyo break it down do quite often on what it means to me. A power grid is nothing more then a network. It is an antiquated one that works. Waspurpose that was built available to the consumer to provide power. When we think about how we approach that networks of today is that all of that plumbing to reviewscenes applications and make phone calls that we saw. That freaked a lot of people out. I was fortunate to be in education at the time. I took that bowled by the foreign and made it hasnt. Who doesnt think that i want take over my applications. Sector that the energy and i dont want to speak for the agriculture sector, we are seeing a case of being slow to innovate or implement the innovation. There is a ton of innovation happening. Of r d on big chunk oil and natural gas systems and in the farming systems using s watching it grow. Toy are combining together make an awesome effort. There is a linkage that requires Institutional Knowledge of what is a farmer and what it deals with every day. He took aging infrastructure that is not so innovative and said, we need to force that workforce to become more of an expert in the new technology. I dont want to go learn about that voiceover. We are seeing that as more of a challenge. I dont want to gloss over that. But what caught my ear is that you referenced the information and Technology Available today is being able to make data driven decisions. I made be doing something a certain way but i am going to give you information and need information extracted from your brain where i need to integrate. The smart grid is the hot topic. Wasle were thinking it going to one day be at my house. I dont know who is watching that data. Innovation but im not saying that i am going to be a doctor. Standards. Orporating cannot beboration adversarial, we have to bring people together with the coalition of the willing. Appreciate the fact that you emphasize data and analytics. One of the things we all have to understand is that agriculture is no longer beverly hillbillies and greenacres. Farms now have gps systems. I was there 2. 5 summers ago out in iowa. I expected some mature man to help me drive a trap tractor. I was absolutely amazed and who hadwhen one man graduated from Iowa State University six months ago wait to me over to the plantar and got into the cap. He tickets tablet and plugged it into the console. Andad his cd changer plugged it in. He programmed it and said drive. That is where we are. The plantar drove down a prescribed path and turned around. Hadissed a spot and once it completed its run, it went back to the spot it had missed and planted the seed. It takes that information from the soil and uploads it to the. Ps system and sends it out so that one of the agribusinesses can prescribe a prescription. That information, that is what we are concerned about we are thinking about people getting all hold of that data and being able to use it for nefarious purposes or purposes of their own. Is we really do protect the information that nas has. They are the ones that in form the stock market. You have the markets of soybean and wheat and if anyone were to get into that they could adjust the market. That is part of the Critical Infrastructure that we need to protect. Is a very complex organization and it is going to involve a lot more data sharing. So that not only we can make on what weut also can inform our stakeholders. The transition there as you are speaking got me thinking about the triage of critical thinking. There are many elements of Cyber Security. There is protection response. There is modeling simulation where you can say if something happens prescriptive lady we can be prepared. That we know we read before it highlighted all of these. Threats but new what i took extracted from what joy was saying. There is a National Disaster threat. How do we prepare when there is changes in climate and there is definitely a Cyber Security threats on whether it is the power grid or the infrastructure center. The information flow, the backandforth of sharing information. It is great that we have people out there having conversations saying we need to be thinking about these things. Intelligence is great to say. Consumers expect our iphones to be communicating and for our information to be privatized. Information flow, incident response, that is pretty awesome that days 16 sectors are so intertwined. Yes, they are complex. Perspective, this is what the power grid is today. Just think about this. Milesimately 2. 6 million of pipelines and 640,000 miles of transmission lines. They handle crude patrol they handle crude patrol products and more than 40,000 miles of railways that wycliffe i natural gas and coal. Think of that in the consequence of physical stuff. There thatolks out are shooting guns at physical plants. There are drones that are being used. They are literally picking to try and bring down transmission facilities. That is a physical threat. That is a good example. It can happen. Now with this wireless communication of information sharing, who is projecting that data of my personal information or the data that is being routed to a utility . We need to think about as from the foreign nationstate perspective. Something i want to take away from today that affects all 16 of the sectors. If we look at agriculture, there are too many farms. 900,000 firms if i could say over five years there are things that worry me that worried me. It was true then and is true now. Thank you very much. [applause] can i have our panelists come to the states . . Stage and while they are being settled, that was a great conversation. One of the things i want to show today is the connecting points between this. These are all interconnected. The more we get stakeholders to understand the dynamics within our national ecosystem, more thesetart to drive solutions. The final panel for this evening is going to cover the content of the paper and have some experts share their perspective on what was discussed and share some kind of anecdotes there. Win, left we have stacy former product manager of point. Vice president e of Cyber Infrastructure at parsons. Pete and the far left is the ceo of Critical Infrastructure. Ladies and gentlemen, thank you so much for joining us today. I want to give the audience the lay of the land. How will are we doing . I will take that one. As far as the Energy Sector. I think we have increased our awareness. Taking necessary precautions and policies and guidelines. Specifically for the Energy Sector, it is defined as a series of nine security measures. Areas that we the need to correlate is similar to wear safety was 20 or 30 years ago. Cyber security needs to be part of the culture. The greatest thing is the Security Industry has matured to the point of this. The other point i want to make specifically level one and level two that is not addressed specifically in the documentation. Vulnerabilities and thousands of protocols and manufacturing of those devices. It is not like the i. T. Environment where we have an intel processor. Goesis about as far as it but down at the control level, there is a whole other level of controls. Would jump on today and say yes it is complicated. Sector tocomplicated look at. Andll here talking about it we are all looking at it. Everyone is ready to jump in and that is where it comes in. Lets make sure we are all talking cross agency. So that we can keep all of that Knowledge Base moving. That is one other thing. I think that is really key to have that passion and proactive so they definitely lead the way in my opinion. I would just add that if , this risktheme , minimizing risk is your goal. Theres going to be great thatology and i can claim there will never be a breach in the system. Mitigating that risk through , for those of you for dont know that ecosystem. Amazing people doing amazing work and when you do a little placesh into what these have on their plates. Taking billions of dollars to how we mitigate that risk. Here agree that we have to keep pushing that envelope. We have to connect the dots in the sense on what the impact can we. Bridge whereeate a we can ultimately say that information can be shared you. Void this noncollaborative people are doing research at the earliest level to invent but also to leverage with the private sector. Risk mitigation is something we have to have as a team. The next question is going to be based on one of my favorite quotes in the paper. Quote,er states and i the socioeconomic survival appears relies on an energy grid. It delivers energy and supports life, business and Critical Infrastructures. It supports life. We are talking about things that we mentioned earlier that people consider this to be the most critical sector. Factors thate contribute to it. 1520 years ago 15 to 20 years ago, this was not accessible. Whole point of plant efficiency has been taken to an extent where we are introducing vulnerabilities. We are broadening the attack services. Insider threathe and now were open sectors that we have never seen before. Fromis largelys dammed phishing emails. Have even more that we can get into later on. Sot service was never there we have opened that up. We need to take a step back and say how do we take this and make them relevant. In general, technology and toovation and will seek better our Services Also leads to boehner abilities. It is unavoidable. Responsibility to create a safe environment to continue to deploy those technologies in order to remain. Ompetitive reports, we in the have decentralized all these different aspects tonight. Differentt transmission and these are all separate market. It is not controlled by a lot of different people. In complexity that you added which has strengthened a lot of it. We have lost control of where things are. Thatore we get control of and know what is out there is that we can better mitigate and manage. When youre driving down the , you look at these and yound phone lines think wow someone actually invented that. Just assume that that is how it works. What is the backup. What happens when a server goes down . That is where the innovation is happening with terms you are hearing about. Distributed energy. Matter is thee grid is growing, it is evolving. There is new technology that we are investing in. Bad things happen in katrina and deepwater horizon. A spawn opportunities to innovate and may be you will not have cities and people dying because there is no food or water. This r d that is being investigated. We know that things do not always work. Down. N take a Data Center Cyber and theng one day it is tiring but you cannot bring down the power grid. So that isonvenient what adds to the complexity. Innovation push for and say hey wait a minute lets not open up the grade 48 breach. This is that static 20 or so items. There will be more to tomorrow. Fact that respect the they are allowing it to do that is reallye cyber folk looking towards delivering that resilient and scalable secure network. It is not the smart grid. One thing that was mentioned is that it creates efficiency but also causes some problems. It is now becoming a newer concept of that. Phenomenon. Bout the what vulnerabilities is it creating . No one is losing their life in these attacks. You have a german stalemate blowing up. Youre talking about the energy grid going down. This is stuff for you really need to take serious way. But i think the key point is how it can cross over the dmc firewall. On the flipside of that they can come in and then get over the firewall. That not really the case. You get a lot of companies that say we are airgap. See thatn there and there is deftly many ways. Attackers do so we really need to button it out. From ant to take that entirely different perspective. One thing is that there has always been this battle. Around toing accepting that there is a withborative effort maintenance and facilities. In auditing. Eople convergence implies that there needs to be a convergence in mentality. I completely agree. Is a bunch of folks who have to talk to each other that never had to before. We have to educate all different sides. Inhave an i. T. Person come and they are not good to know what they are talking about. Shift gears a bit. This may be a common lot. Agencies are the ones that have a large enough budget to go through that process. The value that the attribution process provides to it. Can you talk about your views on that . I think its to your point. How do you prevent against something where you dont even know the attacker . That is a good question. Understand if they are backed by different funds . Is it just the small town group that got lucky. You need to understand your build yourd in turn protection up against that. That is how i would look at it at the surface. That, it getsn back to something as different as a sector itself. Of aave got the attention regulatory body that is viewed as compliance focused and you have owners and operators. It doesnt have the dollars to invest. It relies on each one of those so if it is doing some compelling staff. Well, i dont want to share my secrets, that is a paradigm shift. It sounds great and then after everyone leaves the room, are they willing to do that . Im talking about sharing information but how are you dealing with site Cyber Security . It ins how we have done it soundsy sector so really good. It and ithouse pushes is one of the most common threats but some people are doing some great things. Ones not doing good if sector says we are very. Rotected this is something we have seen the needle move out as quickly as we might like it. Already taken it. They dont always want to. Once we talk to each other, that is much more powerful. Hopefully we can share that with this. I do want to give credit because ive seen enough sharing there. That is the nature of the beast. We move at our pace. Only thing i would add to that is that there is an to work with our local state and federal agencies because they can be that common ifce between the different infrastructures. Sectors a lot of private companies that allow themselves to collaborate data back from the customers that are private. We know that we spend a significant portion discussing actors actions and their motives. They obviously do a great job so i want tooud spend a few motions here. Any ideas there . On for this for about an hour. There are two different types of so if you go into the chemicals there. We are talking about the proprietary data so that is not always about stuff blowing up. Another jet,o see we really want to focus on that. You have the watering hole attacks and you have china there. Axiom is one of the most significant groups we have seen out of china. Outlso have Desert Falcon in the middle east. So we have a lot of different sponsors or organizations that are heavily targeting the Energy Sector. Is this an act of terror . Sometimes cyber terrorism is an act of war. The area of bombs in ships is over. Cyber security individuals in a room and take down your power grid. You can destroyed from within and then destroy it outside. Reverse engineering and building our intelligence, that is what we need to do. I just wanted to give Honorable Mention to insider threats. One of the higher areas and frankly there is hardening. Can of the practices we liquidate. I just want to jump in on that. , some statistics came out. Increasingly malicious insiders target privileged users through social engineering and this has been an increase in 48 over 30 back in 2011. We seeing a much higher percentage with this social engineering. There is also a lack of visibility to determine if you are applying. Is your training working . Trading is so 80s but people are still not listening. Aging having an workforce. Millennials are coming in and their view of security is completely different so we have 57 ust be aware of that and said organizations do not have capabilities to monitor this. How do you know when they are not doing something they are supposed to be doing . We have to be cognitive of that so it is a different type of insider. Something i have mentioned a few times tonight about the Energy Sector is the most important structure we have. Host do you agree with that statement . Reinforceimportant to to increase the awareness. Obviously the Energy Sector is truly the backbone because without energies, the critical structures fall. Reinforcing, the Energy Sector is one of the few infrastructures that has a policy that is regulated. Any do not have compliances. All the biases are simply guidelines. To enhancecontinue and to push down deeper into the sector from a controlled aspect. We have to continue the whole culture change. And just want to chime in that i do not want to steal it. It does identify the Energy Sector as uniquely critical. From a consumer standpoint, i give a 10 second thoughts about when i switched that switch. We get pretty frustrated these days about things we take for granted. Sector, notenergy to be an alarmist but when a city goes out and people dont , you can see panic the impact on not having energy in our daily lives. The information exchanges that regulators. En among we need to have a bridge for the entrepreneurial individual that is inventing something. Maybe we turned the paradigm upside down. Who is thinking outside of the box . That to bellow stifled. So it gives happens an opportunity to celebrate innovation and i think we need to do more of that in our fortry and make it easier those who have a passion in that infrastructure to have that voice. We have to trust that there can soan exchange of information that we can really push that and increase the inertia that is needed. Final twos get to the questions that we have. We talked about collaboration between the public and private sector and different sectors between different agencies. How can this come to fruition . We said everyone is collaborating but no one is actually doing anything. What does it look like . Is it Innovation Across Industries . Im going to take this one step further. Criticalremely key and to us moving forward in society. I would like to throw out to security vendors because being embed not just from a Network Perspective is really going to be key into squashing any kind of attack. There andget down that we can ensure that is not being overrun. Another good example that applies here is the whole smart city initiative. There are many cities that are taking this on and it really exemplify the combination of private entities and so thereation energy is a lot more at stake. That are radio blockers can actually influence of cities infrastructure. I think the state of indiana is withample recently held. Ms services think it is going to take those local state entities that drive this kind of activity across all of these different agencies that really will make a difference in the long run. If i can try and triage my investor. If i am an could government the government is notforprofit and says i will give money and pump they puthe ecosystem, out a document in november of last year. It spoke about the American Innovation ecosystem. Have you fueled the Entrepreneurial Community . How do you create an incentive position for someone who does not want to collectively share information . What is the greater good . The grant money that gets popped into the economy. For going to discover and create something. , we you can coalesce that know it is broken today. The president talks about this ecosystem and how to create viability opportunities. Hat is a broken promise today all these committees talk about and i think people want to make a difference but in government and these institutions where privacy and that andn does stifle that is something we need to put a microscope on. The last question is the undefended mandates. I dont know one who says i have more money than i know what to spend. How can organizations who feel that they dont have resources can at least reprioritize to address the most important thing. How can they start on that path . It is training and enablement. It can be easily taught but most withnies are coming out negative fishing findings. It leads to these services and an the workforce to be stronger minded. That is step one. My Closing Remarks the be is that you have to take the first step. You have to know where your weaknesses are and you have to recognize that you have to fix what you find. There are peoples reputations and the message to the sea level is that you have to understand and be able to move forward with this and you have to create the budgets and the teams and create the culture within these agencies and within these businesses. It is only until you have done all of these things is the beginning of protection. You have to do all of these things so that you can start protecting yourself. I completely agree with the training. That is probably the least. Xpensive thing it is the first line of defense so keeping and reiterating at but eventually it will sink in and we can all be very well armed and not click on the link. The other thing is just good hygiene. Use a separate system. Multilevel work systems, they have been out there and long time. Maybe look at that kind of technology. Panelists, thank you that was a fantastic discussion. [applause] that concludes this evenings program. We look for it to seeing you next month for our next briefing. Thank you very much. Heres a look at our primetime schedule. Starting at 8 p. M. Eastern, educators and Developers Speak at an annual summit hosted by arizona State University. Authorsthe tv where wrote about the issue of war. And on cspan3, it is history tv, memory the 100 anniversary of the National Parks service. Cspans washington journal is live every day with issues that impact you. Coming up thursday morning, National Resource editor will the 100th anniversary of the National Parks service. In an interview with Mike Reynolds director of operations for the nps. He willalk about talk about the sport he gets from the federal government. And the washingtonand the washit Investigative Reporter will discuss their biography, trump revealed. Comprehensive look. Be sure to watch washington journal live at 7 p. M. Eastern. Join the discussion. 100 years ago president Woodrow Wilson signed a bill creating the National Parks service. At its a look back national and historic treasures. We take you to park Service Sites across the country. Lives. M. Eastern we are us with your phone calls as we talk with Robert Stanton and brandon bydes who will oversee the long restoration of the mansion. Anniversary of00 the National Parks service. At Washington Post. Com is this headline. Joining us on the phone is the reporter for the Washington Post. Thank you for being with us. Thank you. It has to be considered one. It is similar in the pattern on tot we saw with her decision set up a private email server. It is difficult from a problem to wrap their idea on more than half of the private citizens that she met be clintononey to foundation. 156keep they gave million. That does not mean it is a quid pro quo but it does suggest that when you look at it it does not pass the smell test. The problem. They said we did everything by the book but that is not good enough for someone running for president. Very quick to shoot this down, it says it is not take into full account all of the meeting she had with Public Officials and heads of state. What is your sense of their response . Chris she had hundreds of thousands of meetings with all kinds of officials that the ap story delineates that. Again, when more than half of your meetings with citizens are people who have given this amount of money to the Clinton Foundation, is there any reasonable person who is going to say who, that does not look great. It is not the same thing. I think that is very important to know. They are both lawyers and so they operate in the Legal Definition of these things. Laws wereways said no broken. And there is no legal proof of anything here other than commonality. These people met with her and they gave money. Decided in a not courtroom, they are decided in the public opinion. In this, perception really does matter. Hillary clinton and bill clinton follow their own set of rules. They say she shouldve known better. Heard a lot of democrats that said how did know see this couldve been a problem. This was related to her email set up. That comes up again and again and there may be a blind spot that comes to these matters. I do think this ties it together. That 55 rom pulling say honest and trustworthy do not apply to mrs. Clinton. These things only exacerbated. Is it time for Hillary Clinton have a News Conference . Chris it has been 250 plus days since she gave one. This is someone who is the favorites objectively to be the 45th president of the United States and you are not setting a good president when you choose not to engage with the press orientedf very rule sit downs or sit downs with jimmy kimmel. Where does this put her campaign . What is the overall state of the we have been in this for the last couple of weeks. I feel like the labor day start is the part of the older past. To people who are wellknown and famous and disliked, these are the two week popular residential nominees in major party history. The race has artie been defined. Already been defined. Donald trump continues to struggle with inability to rally the republican base. And the caps off republican behind him. She does not have a problem. She is outspending him. By every measure that we typically use to gauge campaign success, she is in a part better pace place. Back your essay. You say it is clear up until based on what you know, Hillary Clinton did not break laws or do anything intentionally shady. It does go to the narrative of whether we can trust Hillary Clinton. Does it matter . Anotherun to controversy or will be go on to another . There is this Common Thread that binds the emails in the Clinton Foundation and the state department. Fundamental be question people have about her which is the honest and trustworthy question. I dont think it goes away. Even if it did disappear, it reinforces the idea that people have out there. That said, she is running toinst someone uniquely able take good news days and turned them into bad news day for him. Change the subject in ways not beneficial to the campaign for him. In a typical race, i think this would be a very problematic issue. In this race, it is certainly not as bad. Donald trump has struggled to litigate the situations in the way an average candidate would. Do you think that the foundation is to be more transparent and the money it accepts but where it is spending the money . I tend to think transparency is always a good thing. As a reporter, one my frustrations was when the mccainfeingold act passed, it made it more difficult for us to track where money was going. Money is always going to go into politics through a various number of channels. The issue is if we contracted. It if we can track it. When we passed rules that make it harder, not easier for the public to learn about these things, especially true with the foundations and other things that are vast. Letting make a point, to me, i dont think what the Clinton Foundation does seems largely indisputable as good. Whether lowering the cost of malaria drugs or their work on hiv at aids hivaids, the issue is you have to separate that out from what people could using donations to the Clinton Foundation to hopefully get. That is a separate thing and what it does. This is not whether or not it does good. The foundation does good. It is what do these donations mean for the people . What do they hope they mean and what does it say about the clintons. That is where i got to spend most of my time. The fix. A mustread. Thank you for your time. Thank you. Tomorrow, cspans road to the white house coverage continues with the Hillary Clinton Campaign Rally in nevada. She will speak with voters and supporters in reno. You can see her remarks live thursday at 3 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan. Book tv on cspan two. 48 hours of nonfiction books and authors every weekend. Here are some featured progress this weekend. Saturday at 10 00 p. M. Eastern on afterwards. The president ial candidacy of donald trump is the subject of an coulters what latest book Anne Coulters book. Argues that democrats, conservatives and independent should support him. I think he is a genuine patriot. Genuinely loves the country. Sawink he looks around and so many things going wrong that he could fix. He said something to the effect, if we dont solve this now, it will be too late. It will be unsalvageable. Eastern,day, 7 30 p. M. Urban Radio Network moderates race and america. Relationion on race in to the news, politics and culture. Including an examination of the riser racial incidents, their origins, and possible solutions. Former twittera advisor and facebook product manager talks about his book, chaos monkeys. Gives an insider perspective on the silicon tech world and the impact of Online Marketing and social media. Also this weekend, the Washington Post reports on Americas Nuclear arsenal. Former army sniper recounts his missions in iraq and afghanistan. Sei you International Vice president on the movement to increase workers wages. The two tv. Org for the complete. Org for thektv official schedule. The white house meeting with press secretary josh earnest did he spoke about a range of issues including combating isis, missile tests by north korea, and todays earthquake in italy. Here is the briefing. I dont have, that the top. Kathleen, you can get started. The want to start with operation and [indiscernible] and, if you are worried about [indiscernible] you referred to a couple of the complicated dynamics in syria. To answer your question, the United States has been encouraging the turks for quite some time. Takeraging them to to close theons turkeysyria border. Particularly this portion of the border. Those of you who covered the whereents trip to turkey the g20 was last fall, this was an issue that came up in the bilateral meeting between president obama and the turkish president. The fact that turkey has taken these steps is an indication of important progress. Even in the context of that president obama assured president erdogan that if the turks sought coalition assistance, we would be happy to provide that assistance because we understand it strategic priority associated with posing the border. Closing the border. We know that some isil supply lines traverse the border in that region. Able to shut that down can be being able to shut that down can be part of our strategic efforts. That is the first part. Provide further details we have unique capabilities. They can be valuable in an operation like this. Allies have been making bible contributions to the valuablesil contributions to the counter isil campaign. The also reference the longrunning tensions between the turks and kurdish forces. Those tensions have been simmering for a long time. That is something we monitor. The United States has been decisive and forceful in condemning acts of terrorism. On the other hand, there have syriaome forces inside of that include some kurdish elements that have been making important contributions to the counter i still effort. Effort. Er isil it is something we are mindful of. The discussion about the increase of [indiscernible] calling for a hearing and Hillary Clinton called for a struggling example taking advantage [indiscernible] this is an issue that has gotten a lot of attention in the media over the last couple of weeks. I will start by saying that one of the goals of the Obama Administration has been to limit the growth of health care cost, including trying to reduced cost of Prescription Drugs. The Affordable Care act has made an impact. On putting downward careure on health inflation. There are some other steps we government federal should take it all too often, it is republicans in congress who are standing up for pharmaceutical companies and not looking out for taxpayers and patients here in the United States. There is more that we believe can and should be done to address the question of rising Prescription Drug prices. As a relates to the specific make specificnot comment or secondguess the Pricing Strategy or the Business Practices of one private enterprise. I will observe, however, pharmaceutical companies that themselveso portray as the inventors of lifesaving medication often do real damage to the reputation by being greedy and jacking up prices in a way that victimizes vulnerable americans. It raises significant questions, even moral questions, in the minds of a lot of people. Seen other highprofile incidents of pharmaceutical companies that have taken a hit both to their reputation and stock price for engaging in unscrupulous practices. I think other companies, including other pharmaceutical companies, would be wise to learn those lessons. An example of a company being greedy [indiscernible] i will not secondguess the specifics of this practice of the private company. Why not . There is a role for private companies and for private entities to make their own decisions. For a government enterprise, we are focused on other things. Im not going to secondguess them. Thank you. An attack today at an american bul. Ersity in ka has the president been briefed on that . Extentnt know to what their president has been briefed on the issue. I can type that white house officials tell you that white house officials are calling the situation. There are still forces on the ground, Afghan Forces, that are still clinging the university. My understanding is that the fighting, at least the shooting has stopped. There is still ongoing effort to ensure the situation has been resolved. I dont have an update for you in terms of the casualty reports. You that thell department of defense as indicated that there are coalition advisers assisting Afghan Forces in the effort to clear the university. Underscores the significant challenge facing the people of afghanistan. As it relates to their security situation. The skill and see professionalism of Afghan Security forces improve. That is not happening by accident. That is happening because of the agreements we made to enhance the capability of the Afghan Security forces. The Security Council is theing today to discuss launch from the submarine from north korea. Unable to condemn another Missile Launch one of the statement to oppose the deployment of the u. S. Antimissile assistant system and south korea. Is that a concern for the white house . China seems to be one of the swaycountries that has any over north korea. Aboutis raising concerns north koreas actions in the region. Acknowledgingt by that the u. S. Strategic command we detect and track what assessed was a north korean summer and Missile Launch yesterday. Launcharine missile yesterday. It occurred off the coast of [indiscernible] off the coastiles of north korea. Norad to conclude that is the launch did not pose a threat to north america. I think it should be a good indication to you and everybody else that this is something we are watching closely. We do continue to be concerned by the provocative actions of the north korean regime. The last year or so, we have been able to work more effectively with the chinese apply tot to additional pressure to the north korean regime. Youve heard me say on a number of occasions that our ability to unite the International Community, not just our allies, but even some of our partners like china to present a united front against north korea and their isolation will be critical to our ability to apply sufficient pressure to change their behavior. That has not happened yet. Worke going to continue to cooperatively with the chinese to ratchet up the pressure. All of you have reported about the Public Comments of the chinese raising concerns about to southyment of korea. The sophisticated antiballistic Defense System that the United States has offered to our allies in south korea. Acknowledging the threat from north korea. We have made clear that this is ballisticmissile Defense Missile system oriented towards the threat in north korea. We do not believe it should be a concern of the chinese. They have indicated otherwise. We believe this is a prudent step and something the deployment of the fad is a prudent step. The threat database is rather obvious. They face is rather obvious. We dont believe it should impair our ability to continue to work with the rest of the International Community, including china, to apply additional pressure to the north korean regime. Ultimately, china has their own sets of interests. Their own interest in seeing north korea cease and desist from these destabilizing actions. It is on the basis of their own selfinterest that we believe we can Work Together to apply additional pressure to north korea. That has not happened yet. Andrew. Any indication of whether there are americans involved in this incident at American University . I dont have any more regular details than what iparty been able to divide already been able to provide. My colleagues at the u. S. Embassy are closing monitoring the situation and may be able to provide Additional Information as it relates to the status of americans who may or may not be in harms way. What does this turkish and that relations with the white bg ypg there seems to be some tension. To, i know you spend a lot of time covering this, the kinds of tension between the kurdish population and the turkish government are longstanding. That has been part of the complexity with the United States and the rest of the coalition has had to navigate in addressing the situation inside of syria. The United States has said that the crux of our strategy will be supporting local forces on the ground in syria who are committed to taking the fight to isil. United states has offered support to the forces on the ground. That is the case that we have made to the turks who are making no secret of their unease about this particular situation. The fact is there have been diverse forces inside of syria, including some kurds, but also arabs and others who have been an effective fighting force against isil and have been responsible for significant gains on the ground inside of syria. Those gains would not have been possible without equipping and advice provided by the usled counter i sold isil coalition. The progress has been enhanced by air power supplied by the United States and the coalition. We are going to continue to those unified forces as they go after i sold isil. Question, some bullets, you talked about followups, you talked about whether the United States is doing anything to deal with the increased . Any regulatory decisions like that, i assume they will be made from hhs or one of those agencies that has more relevant authority. Regret signingt the legislation that gave the company latitude [indiscernible] im not aware of any regret. Medicine that the is delivered through this equipment saves lives. Why some of the moral questions i looted to contextre raised in the before are raised in the context of these stories. Companies that have to make those decisions on their own. There been other Pharmaceutical Company that have gotten unwanted attention for their pricing practices. Todegrades their effort build a reputation for themselves as an organization to developing and providing lifesaving medicine. Is the president concerned that the ceos are behind this present crisis price increase . I have seen some of those news reports. , ats not clear to me now least, based on what i have read that theres any correlation or connection. Yousume that is something injured his organization will take a look at. News organization will take a look at. Chemical weapon production in syria . Opcwis is something that has been carefully looking at. We believe that they should. What we were able to achieve a couple of years ago in getting the assad regime to acknowledge significantd a quantity of weapons, rounding up the chemicals and destroying them made the world safer. It eliminated a significant proliferation risk. , country overrun by extremism having large quantities of chemical weapons floating around is not a good idea and not a good combination. We have been pleased that the declared chemical weapons stockpile has been destroyed. The situation in syria has been murky for quite some time. We have also expressed our previous concern about the gratuitous violence that is used by the assad regime against innocent civilians, including the weaponization of otherwise common chemicals. Exacerbate the violence in the country. Im referring to chlorine. A commonly available industrial regimel that the assad is using as a weapon. Something that is a concern to the national community. Michelle. We have talked to her about north korea Missile Launches. Many times it has come up. What do you see as the result of this . Sanctions and actions dont change behavior. That is true. The fact that we are talking about Missile Defense as being the most important element, do you see north korea just continuing in their technology and Getting Better and better until they finally have a Nuclear Weapon . To the beginning of your question, i think what is true is that we have not seen the change in their behavior yet. That is undeniable. True is we have been able to work effectively to steadily ramp up pressure and isolation on the north korean regime. Including elements of the regime response will for funding the Missile Program and are elements the elements of the regime that victimized the population. We have tried to focus our efforts to isolate the regime by trying to hit the elite where it hurts. We know that despite the widespread suffering by the population, there is a certain that benefit from access to some items of luxury. Hitave made an effort to them on that. There is more work we can do and more work we can do by cordoning effectively with our partners, including china, to address that and apply additional pressure. One thing we do know is this is a graduate that has worked in other places. Each country is different. Im the first person to assert that. Isolation and sanctions and unifying the World Community in the face of a Nuclear Threat did succeed in preventing iran from obtaining Nuclear Weapons. It brought about the desired change and strategy and change of behavior in iran when it comes to their Nuclear Program that we would like to see. It did not eliminate the widespread concerns we have with other aspects of their policies, including their support for terrorism. The fact that the terrorist they support will not get Nuclear Weapons is tangible progress. Progress relies not because of a military invasion or shopping fired, but because of effective and skillful diplomacy. The United International community isolated iran and compelled them to the negotiation table. You see more sanctions down the road and optimistic that it will change. This is a strategy that has worked well in other places. Norths not immediately korea is a unique place. It willt clear that work in exactly the same way. But it is a way for us to apply additional pressure to the north korean regime who made a clear signal that the International Community has significant concerns with their behavior. Incentivesa set of to try to get them to change their behavior. They have not thus far. Cspans washington journal live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. Coming up on thursday morning, National Resource editor will discuss the 100th anniversary of the National Park service and a special series of publications to mark the occasion. An interview with greg reynolds, director of operations for the National Park service. He will talk about the National Park service and the support it get from the federal government and public, and what issues they face going forward. And michael from the Washington Post, and mark picture fisher, they will discuss their coauthored biography titled trump revealed. The book is a comprehensive examination of the life of the republican nominee. It was written in collaboration with more than two dozen Washington Post writers. It was published this week. Be sure to watch cspans washington journal beginning live at 7 00 eastern. Join the discussion. Are Primetime Program lineup begins in just a few moments. Tonight on cspan, a forum on education from the annual arizona State University global Silicon Valley summit. Then it is the director of the National Park service, Jonathan Jarvis on the agencys 100th anniversary. Later, donald trump in tampa florida. And news today of the devastating earthquake in central italy. This headline from bbc news online, italy earthquake, death toll rises to at least 159. At least 159 people have been killed and more than 360 injured in a 6. 2 magnitude earthquake in central italy. The picture on the bbc news website of one of the villages devastated by the earthquake. Crashed on a hillside. Meanwhile, president obama today