Sistine chapel. There was images all over it. The first thing that most people see when they come here are the red pigments because they tend to be the more recent. And they are more vibrant. If you look up here, this first thing were looking at is what we call a biographic scene which means it tells a story. If you miss a part of the image you will miss a piece of the story. In this instance we have seven flintlock rifles all being fired. Then there is a number of dash marks below and this is the same pigment, the same diameter. Part of the same image. This is a beaver, a dead beaver. It is you can see its pigtail and there is two webbed feet and a dot on it because it has been killed. There is a lightning bolt coming out of its mouth. That is it so leaving its body. Its energy. This is a group of for trappers that were ambushed right near here and this was in 1823. Seven of them were killed in that ambush. 23 of them got away. Seven of these for trappers were killed and they took all their pelts. We do not know for sure if that is what this illustrates but it is interesting to note that when they built main street in billingsley blow up this big rock and this rock was called indian rock because it had some of the same petroglyphs or carvings of the images that you see here. When they blow up this rock emma behind it, they found seven skulls which may be the seven people that were killed in that ambush in 1823. That image fell and is now in the visitor center. It was painted up there approximately 2145 years before, you have a 2000yearold hurtle. You have a millennium of time. Consider the value of digit pictograph cave state park. The name is for the pictograph and that is a significant part of the occupation story but for archaeologists and anthropologists there is more cultural value in the artifacts that were excavated. Excavation started in 1937 but people we here well before that digging in the cave. This road here was called the reservation road for a lot of years because it was the most direct route to prior. During the stagecoach times people would stay here, they would water their horses and go up and look at the pictographs and smoke them would dig for artifacts. Some of them would dig for artifacts. That continued when that became a wpa excavation and that when up until 1941. Excavation that happened was a group of local people from billings, they saw the value in the number of artifacts that seemed to be there in the deposition that was present. And thought that this would be an Excellent Research tragic rather than just having people go out there from town and dig around in take things. That there was some historical value. Through the efforts of some local people, the property was obtained by the state. It became the first archaeological project in montana and one of the first in a pretty major region. There is 30,000 artifacts that were recovered here. Baskets from the southwest. And caribou horns that were carved into harpoon points and those came from the northwest area there was a paint applicator. Everything from game pieces to turtle effigies and there is even a soapstone, piece of soapstone carved in the shape of a human head. He on what we would call occupational debris or things you would need behind when you stayed someplace for an extended time, there were these valuable, unique oneofakind artifacts that were here, too. Over the last few years, the collection has been curated. It has been sorted and has been reviewed and taking care of. There has been a resurgence in looking at the documents that we have from pictograph cave. The original supervisor of the project and to me this became personally interesting was a drafter for the Highway Department who went to work there. Being a drafter and myself aiding and drafting and design, i took some particular interest in his civil drawings. His plan and profile drawings that he did because that is the key to the collection. That is the key to the excavation. How far down were they, where is the strata, what were they fighting . With the plan and the profile of individual drives would begin a project where we scanned all of those documents, bring them in to a cad environment and see if we could reengage or reconstruct a digital reconstruction of the cave so that we could recreate where they were working. To some extent, see if we could take these artifacts and place them back in context in threedimensional space. So we can see what the surface of the cave look like. The cave floor before they started the excavation. We can see the contour lines that we traced over the top and then using the software we can turn that into a surface and so this is the east end of the cave and the west is near us here. It shows the contour of the cave before any excavation took place. Using his documents we can trace those contours and we can get a feel for how much material was removed from this site when they did it. We can see these excavation depth. This began gives us a threedimensional environment that we can reference within. What we can do since we have this reconstructed, we can take the labels from the artifact where they said they found them, whether they were to the east or west and we can take those coordinates and place them into this threedimensional space. Basically we can take the artifacts that we have and we can put them back into their original context and try to reconstruct how this cave was put together. One of the applications is that the data we have we can take further. Maybe recreate the panel on the back of the cave so that people cannot make the hike we can recreate it to some scale at the visitor center. We can do this digitally. So that the work that the archaeologists are doing referencing artifacts back into this, at some point in time, we envision a digital model so that people can err act with the cave from a distance, perhaps even at a research level. If a researcher wants to know what particular point was they could figure set. Or the tourist wanted to go, they can manipulate the model to see what to expect when they get there. Anyone can get more information about the story of what happened here. Not only from the archaeological sense but the historical sense of the people who did this excavation and what they did and the late 1930s. The people of billings in montana see the value in a site like this where you have 2000 yearold images where you had 30,000 artifacts. And very unique items that were left here by people. Even today, where less than five miles from the reservation. A large amount of the community in billings or native people. We bring a lot of School Groups here and a large amount of Educational Programs that we offer to teachers to tell the story so that montanans can get a sense of what what people were like thousands of years ago before there was a montana. Reco. Cspans American History tour continues. To hear of at the indians who lived along the southwest florida coast for 1500 years. We are here at the randel Research Center at the site of tampa. Miles southing 150 of modernday tampa. There is a wellknown map of 1683 shows the native case native place names. It was one large Big Community including one in a sterile day and the other at big mound key. The coastal colusa were controlling many other towns but there was a mapmaker in the early 1700s and the name tempe got shifted to where it is presently located. We are also here at highland on the shore of an estuary. It is placed wherever freshwater and saltwater mix. This is to the north of the peace river and the myakka river. The produce one of the most productive habitats. It supports mangrove and seagrass systems. It was the system that the colusa and their land ancestors used to achieve great success
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