Different segment of consumers . My second question, if the parents are doing most of the purchasing, how from a legal standpoint are we going to protect children and their interests when they are not actually making a purchase and not necessarily deceived . That is a really good and challenging question. In this area of the law, and other areas of the law, and we think about a reasonable person or consumer, the first thing we have to do is figure out what class we are that reasonable person from. Sometimes it is a narrow class, sometimes it is broad. We need people from all areas. Sometimes we need a 12yearold or eightyearold. Imagine, i know the courts have photos focused on a reasonable kid or reasonable teenager. I dont think that is an insurmountable problem, but to the extent you are focused on one class of individual and the harm is done to another, obviously that is not going to work. Injury, the to the way of talking about this narrative you describe, there is a person who did something, and there is some other person in the chain, and then there is the person who got injured. What we are asking about is what are the permissible set of causes, how do we think about causation in that scenario . Often in the long, if there is a third party intervention, that breaks the chain. If the third party comes in and do something in between the industry injury, you are not responsible. The question is, where in the law are were going to describe the wrong or injury. People i talk to about this think it is a little crazy to say, the advertising for that project causes injury, that is to say obesity or Blood Pressure or health effects. On the other hand, if that did not cause that conduct, it would not spend aliens of dollars advertising. Youre generating exactly the response that is wanting to be generated, and that results in injury or harm. What should we, do with that chain of causation . It is not an easy question. But i dont think it is an easy question on the other side, either. Fec has industry of addressing in the 70s, marketing to Children Products purchased by adults. The do recognize that marketing is addressing the vulnerability of a child even though adults are purchasing the product. I think we are out of time. We are out of time, but thank you so much to our panelists. [applause] the White House Christmas tree arrived today. It is from wisconsin. In accompanied First Lady Michelle Obama as she welcomed the tree outside the north portico. Should we inspect it . Our replacement kits. This is what happens when you get teenagers. One is asleep. This is what we have now. Christmas begins, the holidays start. We are excited about it. Congratulations to our Award Winners here. Thank you guys. Our work here is done. Are you ready . That was easy. It is easy. The easiest part of the holiday season. Happy holidays and happy thanksgiving. We will see you around. The Christmas Tree will be decorated over the next week and then put on display in the white house blue room in early december. Now, republican senator ben sasse on values that he believes impacts policy on reform, education, and economic prosperity. Sen. Sasse jennifer is a lovely lady. You would never know she is a sooner fan. In 2020 and 2021, we play again. Nebraska and oklahoma start a home and away series. For those who are not from nebraska or oklahoma, you should learn why Football Centers in those places. Ive never been here in the summer and i was nervous. The goofy photo of me shouting across campus, we have lots of moments where the college i used to lead almost went bankrupt in 2009, i dont know who im screaming to or why. The video i was afraid you would i learned to ski in steamboat. In 1980 i learned to ski here. I cannot imagine how hideous that footage must be. Jennifer mentioned work ethic. I want to talk about that. That is not the center of what i want to talk about, but my children are here running around somewhere. They are supposed to be here. I want to tell a story. We will talk about pessimistic stuff, but i want to talk about something that is encouraging. When i decided to run for senate, we were worried about where we would raise our kids. I live in a town outside of omaha where i grew up. When i was a kid, everyone got out to walk beans in the corn. How many people know what walking beans is . You are aging yourself because it does not exist anymore. Im not going to explain what corn is, because i am neither a geneticist or equipped to explain how cross pollination has advanced. You could create mixtures of seed corn, and i referd to corn as bisexual and set off a culture war on twitter. Im not going to explain in any technical terms why corn needs ssled, but the short version is you want cross pollinated corn to predesignate male and female rows. For many years, kids where i am from were shipped to the fields in the summer. It is by far the hardest work i have ever done. It is excruciating, ugly work. We used to meet at the local junior high and between 4 30 and 5 00 in the morning, and when you arrive in the corn fields, again, imng corn not supposed to call it bisexual but that has male and female parts and removing the male parts so you can only be pollinated by the tassel. The six rows that have the tassels, the field may have flooded. You will stand in water that is between ankle and knee deep. By 10 00 a. M. It will be 100 degrees. Right now, when youre standing in the water pooled from underground, it is freezing cold. The corn is cold in the morning so you dress in sweatshirts and a readymade poncho and wander through the fields. You start out freezing cold, and of course your buddies will tackle you into the corn so you will end up soaking wet. 10 00 a. M. , you will have mildewed under your hefty bag. Tch will get your bag di your bag and your sweatshirt, and most of these guys doing this from fourth grade to eighthgrade will end up shirtless. The corn drying out will cut you open and you will break out with what looks like poison ivy but is corn rash from your face to your chest. You will go through the field caked with mud. You get home at 2 00 in the afternoon and your mom will announce you are not allowed in the house looking like that. So you struck down outside, your mother hoses you off, you sleep for 12 hours until you do it the next day. Here is the tragedy of technological development. Machines are great at getting 97 of tassels. It is wonderful for the corn and the beef that is fed the corn. Nebraska is the largest cattle ,tate in the union, take that texas and oklahoma. It is wonderful for lots of things except the decline of needing kids to do it. The work ethic that used to come with detasseling corn that used to be a full summer job is now a 710 day job. We were worried the kids would miss too much time in nebraska. We decided we would live in nebraska and i would commute. I go back and forth between d. C. And nebraska and i take whichever of our three kids melissa is the most sick of by the end of the week. I will girls are 15 and 12, our son is 5. I take whichever one mom is tired of as my travel date. Were still worried that this bilocal life would mean they would not have enough opportunity to do hard work. Would they miss the detasseling season . This last spring, we took my 15yearold daughter and shipped her to a ranch to participate in a cowcalf season. For those of you who know y, thereto oversimplifie is birth to weaning, pasture where they go to 900 pounds grazing, then phase three is feed lot, the last 110 days of life when you go to 1500 pounds. The first phase, birth to weaning, the cowcalf season, theres tons of work on a ranch. But it is a unique moment of high peak labor demand in march or april. Our kids are pretty well behaved. Im glad theyre not here because i would point them out and talk about the parts that are not well behaved. My 15yearold has just arrived in the back of the room. We decided to ship corey off for cowcalf season so there would be a compulsory reason to get up at 5 30 or 6 00 in the morning. Theres work to be done. You have to check the baby cows all night. When a baby is born you match the mom to the baby to know who came from whom, because there is a difference in price if you cannot trace who came from where. You have to tag them, vaccinate them, feed those headed for the feedlots. We shipped our daughter off from march to work in the operation in northcentral nebraska. This had nothing to do with me being a u. S. Senator. I wanted to tell you good news before bad news. This had nothing to do with public life. This had to do with me being a dad and worried about the work ethic my kid was or was not going to get in an era where there is not a lot of work for kids to do. We live in a time when work is more separated than any point in Human History. We shipped her off because i am a dad. We have a Good Relationship with our kids and they travel with me. I knew i would miss her and we texted during her month away. Probably 34 times a day, i would get a text from her that was teenage girl ick factor about being around Animal Husbandry that was too good to pass up. I created a hashtag on twitter fromtheranch with whatever she sent in. Something about pregnancy check, i will not explain that because you are at lunch. Something about the dogs that were formally wild ranch dogs that became her pets over the month and what happened when you castrated cows, or what happened to placenta, a word not often used on twitter. And i would turn it into a tweet. Whatever my daughter told me about her Work Experience on the ranch. The good news, over the next six weeks as i traveled nebraska to speak at rotary clubs, anywhere i would go in nebraska, in the heat of a disruptive political time, there was a lot of chaos and discord, i wanted to speak about policy not politics. I knew politics was likely to come up. Everywhere i went in nebraska, almost no one wanted to talk about politics at all. It turns out this fromtheranch on twitter had gone so viral in nebraska that the only thing anyone wanted to talk about was my daughter on the ranch. They wanted to talk about how their kids could suffer, too. [laughter] sen sasse it turns out the things that are more important to me than politics are definitely more important to them than politics. Trying to figure out how to raise their kids, where to get work ethic, anxiety about the generational segregation of the kids coming of age, and if we are passing on to them the meaning of america which centers on work ethic, ranch experiences, and if they will understand why the rotary is the center of American Life are more important than american politics. People across my state know that. I think that is true across the country. When we talk about the political cultural moment we are at and a little bit about the moment of economic disruption and transformation, i want to give good news. I think deep in the heart of the American People there is a tocquevilleian sense that it is not about the compulsory powers of the government. America is more Country Music lyrics than the federal registrar. People understand that in their hearts even if we dont have language to talk about it together. The title of our hour is america after 2017. The american idea. I want us to talk about that. What the american idea is. I want to flag the number 2017. I am not here to talk about the president ial election of 2016. The things the president ial election of 2016 are showing us are anxieties and issues and a lack of cultural transmission or cultural amnesia that is deeper than one particular president ial election. We will leave a decent time for question and answer, but i want to preflag something bigger than who occupies the white house, or presides over 1 3 of the federal government from january 20172021. I think the challenges in front of us are larger. First, i want to talk about what the american idea is. Second, why this is such a disruptive moment. Not the president ial election, but the era. The last 20 years or 30 years, and the next 20 years or 30 years. We live in a uniquely disrupted moment and the disruption is going to get larger. Im a historian by background. What that usually means is you are a killjoy at parties. When people tell you this is truly unique, usually the historians job is to say, actually there is more continuity than discontinuity. We are not special. Usually we tend to think our moment is unique because we are narcissists. In this case, what we are going through is historically unique. I want to talk about the economic change that we think of as just mediation writ large is affecting all of our institutions. The disruptive moment and moments we are going through. I want to segment a few different subsets of what this looks like in the present. And then i want to talk about a national agenda, if we were having the larger conversation about what we need to do together and what is amenable to political solutions. First, the american idea. It has to be contrasted with something. I think ideas should be contrasted with identities. America is historically unique. America truly is exceptional. One of the tragedies in the last 34 years of this presidency was the moment in 2014, but echoed 2011 and 2012, when president obama was asked if he believed in american exceptionalism. Do you remember this moment . You could see the president s wheels turning. The look on his face was of course i dont believe in american exceptionalism, but i do not believe that is an acceptable political answer. He paused and said sure with a shrug that means the opposite of sure. The same way that i assume greeks believe in greek exceptionalism and brits believe in british exceptionalism. That actually is to miss the entire point. It was an intended humility to say, i dont want to say yes as if we think we are better than other people, but that is not what it has government. American exceptionalism is an historical claim about the american founding. American exceptionalism is understanding that what happened in the late 1700s, in particular 1787 and 1788 at the constitutional convention, was truly unprecedented in Human History on any mass scale. Our founders made an anthropological argument. They were saying something bold, even arrogant. They were saying almost everyone who came before us in Human History was wrong about the nature of governance. Think about that. The american founding is not just about a war in the early 1770s. It is not a disagreement with the brits in particular. The American Constitutional Convention was working out a document that finished a declaration of independence and worked out ideas that says we think most people in history have been wrong about the nature of governance. We think they are wrong about the nature of governance because they are wrong about anthropology. They dont understand the dignity of people. The american founding was a claim that rights come from god via nature and government is a shared tool to secure those rights. People did not believe that in the past. They believed that the world was broken. They were right. It looks like people would like to take away your life, liberty, and stuff, therefore we need government. This argument works. Then they said the king is probably the only one that is truly free because he has a monopoly on violence and everyone else is a dependent subject and has to wait for the king to tell them what rights they have. The american founders said this is wrong. Government does not precede the people, people precede the governments. We americans were supposed to pass this idea onto the next generation believe something different. We believe people are created with dignity and with inalienable rights. We think the government is a project to secure rights. Government is not the center of meaning, it is a necessary tool. The founders did not put it in these terms, but it is useful when you pass it on to your kids, or i teach in schools, it is useful to have 2 different pictures in your mind, of an island surrounded by an ocean and an island surrounded by an ocean. Then you figure out how to label the rights of the people and power of the government. The right way to think is different than most thought about it prior to 1788. They were outliers. Greek city states and experiments with liberty in the late renaissance and early modern period in switzerland. These are cities with populations of 25,000. We are a nation of 320 million. At our founding we were 4 million. This is a bold claim about the nature of people, rights, and government is derivative on that. Our founders said most people thought the island was the rights of the people and the ocean was the limitless powers of the government. We, the americans, our creed is to say that picture is wrong. We, the americans, our creed is to say that picture is wrong. The islands are the enumerated powers of the government. The ocean is the limitless rights of the people. Think about why [applause] think about why the constitution is the most exceptional political document ever written. If you were given a quiz, what would you tell your kid that is unique about the constitution . What is unique is it is an exclusively negative document. The constitution is not that interesting in and of itself. It is interesting because of how limited it is. It is finishing the work of the declaration of independence which declares we think people have an alienable rights. The constitution says we will define the powers of the government since the people come first and together to define the governments powers. The constitution is exclusively negative. It is us giving the government power. Where the powers end the shores of the island arrive and the waves of the sea begin, the limitless rights of the people. The constitution does not give you any rights. We talk all the time about these great rights we have, the First Amendment, the bill of rights, how does the constitution not give us rights . These rights are outside of the document. Our founders did this on purpose. Why are all of the rights, constitutional rights, and amendments rather than the core document . The constitution and the bill of rights in particular exist to teach our kids why those rights we have, that predate government, are not things the government gives us. The founders debated, should we list any rights at all . They decided, no we shouldnt. What if the people get confused . Maybe we should list the most important. They listed 10 to say these are the things that are truly invaluable if you need examples. The First Amendment will be the prime place. The most important right . What is the First Amendment . It is a dogs breakfast. It is a laundry l