Those online. Welcome to the mission to mars summit. Earth is not the center of the universe. Now, you either smile at me or smirk at me after saying this to please realize that it has only been a known and establish fact for over 400 years. Copernicusnicholas aoved it beyond a shadow of doubt. Humans can fly, that is a truth that has been with us for only over a century. Humans can walk on the moon, again only less than half a century a truth to us. Considering our time on the planet, these are short times to know these things. 16 years fromis now, a small crew of six women and men will be in route to mars. Yearsabout it, only 16 from now that can be true, too. ,ut if we want that to happen we today will have to ensure we keep track with our human mars program. Looking at you, my audience, i know i am looking at the experts that can make this happen. As you truly are the best and the brightest in all fields we need to send humans to mars. Lets show our resolve. Lets keep building the infrastructure needed. Lets keep testing and proving. Humans on mars and obvious fact. Underway now. I have the great pleasure to introduce to people that have gettingiligently on humans offplanet and on to mars for many years. Thet, space architect with aerospace corporation. Experience2 years of in spaceflight architecture, mission design, experienced in nasa and industry. In his 26 years with nasa, he helped lead the agency in design and analysis of human Space Exploration. Corporationthe onding humans off planet and to mars. Mikether speaker is rafferty. One of the leaders of our last great space project. When i say last great space project, of course i am mentioning the International Space station. And i think being so that makes him wellsuited for our present big space project, putting humans on mars as he brings experience of largescale cooperation to our team and both are necessary for Human Missions to mars. Mike has worked for 33 years as part of boeing company contributing to human space flight. 20 of experience for Human Space Missions and he is proud and andy it we are proud happy to have him on our board of directors. He is president of a texasbased business dedicated to Space Exploration. [applause] thank you. Thank you and good morning everybody. I am standing in for joe. Good morning everyone. We are here to talk this morning about the mars report which we. Ust finished publishing it came out this morning in a press release and is available online. All of you here at the conference got this report in your pack and so i would encourage you to check it out, read it. It is an excellent report. Inwill talk about what is this report and give you a highlevel review of what is in it. We started three years ago to pull together reliable information the community could use about the progress towards mars and making the mars mission happen. One of the nice things about this is that over time these reports will chronicle the progress we are making and we can look back on them and see how we did. This year we have made a lot of based on thatso we are going to go through two sections of the report pretty quickly. It should take about 10 minutes or so for us to do that basically well get going on that now. The first section of the report, and a critical element of the mission of mars is the science precursor missions or Robotic Missions that were doing prior to the Human Missions. They allow us to get all the information we need about mars thats critical to make the later missions happen. This has been a very big year for the Science Program. Weve had a lot of great progress from m. S. L. Curiosity rover. Its been working its way up mount sharp. This year its been working its butz rough the murray formation area. Got some of the most fantastic pictures that have been taken on the surface of mars. If you havent seen these pictures, recommend that you go online and find them. It makes it really clear that this was a wet environment. This murray formation area had water in it for many, many years. And the sed mentation layers are clearly visible in the photographs that were taken. Fantastic. Also supporting is the orbiters that are in orbit around mars. The reconnaissance orbiter and odyssey and mavin. These have been finding subsurface ice. This is a lot of ice. Estimates initially are several areas that look to be on the size of lake superior. So these are quite large ice formations. Heyre subsurface. Future of the Science Program is very busy. There are a lot of activities planned and you can see those on the chart here. A lot of International Missions are coming to fore now. China has announced a Robotic Mission to mars. Of course weve got nasa that has several missions that are in the plans. D of course india and united emirates are also india has a mission there now and united emirates has one on the way. Its become a very international program. Obviously there are commercial efforts as well. You can see spacex has a mission that theyre hoping to do up there as well. But the team looks forward to the things that they really need to get done. They had some recommendations. One of the first is, we need to replace an orbiter for the m. R. O. The m. R. O. Has been on orbit for 10plus years now and its been doing a marvelous job. But its been there quite a while and so its time to get. Eady for a new orbiter that will take up that mission and provide the communications that are necessary. Also the Mars Return Mission is a very high Priority Mission for the team and this will start to work some of the other aspects that well need for the human mission. Weve sent a lot of Robotic Missions to mars but nothings ever come back from there. So the assent portion of the missions critical. The mars sample return will work hat. Thank you. Next section in the report youll see is architecture and systems necessary for human exploration of mars. One of the things thats happened in 2016, early 2017, theres been advancements from a lot of the companies and organizations out there looking at human Mars Missions. And what it would take. Some examples are shown here. Brett Lockheed Martin improved their thinking on the Mars Base Camp strategy. Which is one of starting off with Orbital Missions around mars. Teleoperating systems on the surface. Bret then it goes to Landing Missions on mars. Launch vehicle, using liquid oxygen and hydrogen. The boeing company improved their thinking on the lunar outpost leading to a mars mission. Where they would prove systems in space and conduct Orbital Missions, exploring things, followed by surface Landing Missions. So theyve improved their thinking. In september, spacex announced their thoughts on human exploration of mars. Its more of a colonyization approach, where he reduce envisions reducing the price of launch and transportation to mars drastically, to enable any citizen to try to go to mars. Hes improving his thinking there, advancing things like his engine, his large oxygen tank, which are critical elements of it. Hes got some additional thoughts of what the Early Exploration would look like. Airjet and others, advancements in propulsion and thinking of some of the precursor missions. Recently nasa released some of their thoughts on deep space gateway. Sustain steaning establishing a small outpost near the moon that would be critical in understanding Systems Operations , understanding some of the key technologies. And understanding a lot of the Human Factors, as expects which well talk about in a little bit. But that gateway can serve as a deep space port if you will for the assembly of the mars transfer vehicles and return back to space for the next mission. So a vision of a reasonable Transportation System is what nasas thinking about right now. In terms of some of the key findings that the team has come up with, looking at things, feel that affordability is one of the key aspects. When all these teams look at different concepts, as you saw in the earlier discussions, theres a wide range of system capabilities and concepts for architecture development. But thats a good, healthy thing. Getting alternative viewpoints, alternative ideas onto the table. Helps the community understand what makes sense and what doesnt. So its healthy dialogue amongst the space community. As i mentioned earlier, affordability is one of the key aspects of human exploration of mars. We have to make sure we drive the costs down. And affordability is a key aspect that explore mars is looking at, trying to develop architectures and system concepts that provide sufficient return for the stakeholders. Thats always going to be key. If it doesnt have sufficient return for the stakeholders, then theyre not going to fund it. Sustainability is another key aspect that the team has really been looking on. In a lot of these aspects. Developing architecture thats sustainable. One that is not just a flash in the pan, that will be a short duration system, but one that can be conducted over many years. Theres a strong belief that a wellfounded science objective and strategy could help bring the science and the human exploration communities together. So continuing that effort is very key. And bottom line, from all of this, the teams really feel mars is achievable. Theres been a lot of discussion in the previous architecture discussions and thinking that mars is really hard and theres all these key impediments keeping from us going to mars. But there was a workshop that was held with explore mars, american astronaut cal society back in december. We brought experts from across the country together to look at, what are the key long polls of keeping us from getting from where we are today to mars . Looking at all the systems and technologies and all those teams looked at whats required to get therehere we are today to and the common consensus was that mars is achievable. It is going to be hard. But it is not an impossible dream. That was good news from a lot of these aspects. In terms of the systems for the architecture, a lot of them are making a lot of progress. There are some in production right now now. A crew module is undergoing assembly and tests. The Service Module is in construction in germany as part of the esa contribution for the mission. S. O. S. , a lot of production going on at the Kennedy Space center. A lot of assembly getting ready for the Exploration Mission one test coming up soon. In terms of habitation, deep space habitat, nasa is following a deep space, next step b. A. A. , broad area announcement. We have several different organizations, Companies Looking at different habitation concepts, life support systems. Thats driving toward deep space gateway of a system in space that we can use it prove the systems and the technologies. Advancement continuing, advanced space propulsion. Solar electric propulsion for cargo vehicles and perhaps the crew vehicle is being worked on hard. Airjet was awarded a contract to develop an electric thruster. Thats advancing really well. In terms of descent and assent, there are some critical architecture decisions that need to be made to advance those systems. What are the exploration goals, what are we trying to accomplish . Are we going to use resources, are we going to bring all of our fuel with us . Those all drive the size of the assent vehicle which drives the descent vehicle. We know we need to land larger pay loads than we can today. We can only load one metric ton. We have to get to 20 metric ton. New concepts are being explored for that. Its making some progress there as well. And the surface systems. What were doing on the surface of mars. The roves, the habitats and things rovers, habitats, things like that. Switching the report to Human Factors. We have a special session section on that this year where we try to go into more depth, some of the Human Factors aspects. Some of the things last year in 2015 to 2016, there was the Yearlong Mission conducted by scott kelly. That provided us a wealth of data. Showing that humans can live in space for long periods of time. There are still some aspects that he would need to solve such that we need to solve such as bone decalsfication and things like that. Were getting good data. Space station will continue to help us in that, understanding how humans live and work in space for long periods of time. And then well evolve to this deep space gateway. Getting humans out beyond the earths sphere into deep space, how the systems operate, how do crews operate in remote environments, in confined spaces for long periods of time will help provide us a lot of good information well need on the drive towards mars. And not just Human Factors but also the whole human health and Research Program is also looking at 31 critical aspects of the human health. Trying to drive those risks down as much as they can. They have a rich Research Program advancing that aspect as ell. Michael policy is also a really important part of this report. Looks like i went too far there. Weve focused on it again this year. This report. Normally its international and domestic policy. This year it tends to be a little bit more domestic. Were pretty centered on the domestic part. Its not that there isnt anything happening in the international world, but theres a whole lot of things happening in the domestic world. Thats what we focused on this year. Of course one of the big events that happened was the passing of the nasa transition authorization act. Just to remind folks, the last time that we had an authorization act passed was in 2010. So this is a really big deal. We had an administration change. And yet we still had strong bipartisan support for nasa and got this act passed and into law. Also in the act is some of the strongest language that weve ever seen associated with endorsing a mission to mars. So this is a really good hashinger for the mars community. People that are working on missions to mars. Im proud to say that our report was actually referenced in the act. So thats good. That means that people are reading it and its helping make a difference. The other big event thats happening is the administration has announced the formation of the National Space council. We havent seen this happen yet but we know its planned. So well be watching that with great interest and well be talking about that probably next year and the in the report. The final section of the report has to do with public engagement. This has been in the report from the beginning as well. Its a really important part of the overall effort for sending humans to mars. Making sure that the public understands what were doing, why were doing it and is able to participate in it as well. We think its very important and we think that theres signs that this is really starting to catch hold. You youve seen a lot of media offerings coming out in the last year. W movies, books, Netflix Series on mars generation. So these are all signs that the public is really starting to engage. Weve always had very strong polling numbers for mars support with the public. That strength continues. As a community, we need to continue to support this. And support the media whether they ask us for help. Finally, i just want to put up here the names of all the folks that worked on the report. A pretty distinguished group of people. I think youll agree. As you look at that. They worked very hard on this. Did a terrific job. So if you get a chance, pull it out of your pact and read it. If youre watching this conference online, you can go to exploremars website and youll be able to download a copy of the report from there. With that, chris, i think were one. So, questions . I think we may have a minute or two. [applause] thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. It is my pleasure to introduce the present administrator of nasa. Acting administrator, as its said. Administrator nevertheless. Robert became administrator when the new president took office on the 23rd of january, 2017. Hes been with nasa for nearly 30 years and started there on the shuffle engines in 1989. Serving in many capacities. 10 years later nasas Astronaut Corps presented him with a silver snoopy award. For his contributions to the success of human space flight missions. Artemis so all in all, a good man to have on our conference. I would like to introduce to you robert lankford. [applause] robert good morning. Its great to be here. I really appreciate you asking me to participate in this gathering. The way we talk about mars, youd think it was actually something were interested in doing, huh . I was at a summit last week with the aeronautics and Space Exploration board, engineering board over at the academies. This was a topic that came up quite a bit in terms of civil space and destination for civil space in general. Its always interesting to see the different opinions and the different thoughts. I think the nice thing about it is that everybody believes that this is our horizon goal as an agency. To get to mars. If you think about it, humans, clearly were already there. From a scientific perspective with the rovers that we have on the surface now. But i think ever since viking, weve kind of said, we need to get there. We need to be there as humans. Frankly everything weve discovered since then just has driven us even more to think about getting humans there. The Current Administration and the Current Congress is very supportive i think of this goal. If you look at any of the bills we have, whether theyre the proposed budgets or approved budget