Have to measure a lot of things including the firing angle, engine speed, transmission speed, pressure, air flow, voltage. For batteries you need to measure voltage current. Temperatures. If you add all of the sensors together, i would say hundreds and typically 100 microprocessors. They are already getting this standardwith car. Now we are talking about adding more technology to interact with those. We are at the beginning of making cars intelligent enough to cooperate with other vehicles. Has been yourwhat biggest frustration in this project . That ismy biggest a tough one. Very complicated problem, not just limited to technology. Because after all, technologies must be doing something good for the society. Otherwise, we probably should not be doing it. We need to interact with so many different people, companies, government, students and so on. To bring the awareness to the society is very tough. I would not say i am frustrated, it is a tough job. It certainly takes more than what i used to do which was as professor and just doing my own research and teaching. Now, i actually have to branch out to many other aspects. But i am enjoying every minute of that. Behind you we have a map of a test track. That is called m city. May be something people dont agree with what it is the worlds first personally built automated and connected vehicle test facility. It is 32 acres. We designed it to emulate the real world. But we use a small footprint. Only 32 acres. We try to include a very rich driving environment. Not only the pavement type, we have 17 different lights. Lights, 17reet different types. If you look closely at even the parking meters, they are all different. Angle parking, parallel parking. We try to emulate a railroad crossing. Underpassemulate and situation and tree canopy. Using such a small footprint, we try to imagine all of the challenging driving conditions for connected and Automated Vehicle technologies. Has it been a worthwhile investment . Unimaginableen publicitys. I am not exaggerating if i say that we have been visited more than 500 times in a year. We just had a grand opening on july 20, 2015. And we have hosted probably more than 500 visitors. We have lost count. The secretary of transportation, anthony foxx, governor rick snyder. What have you learned . At theu gotten benefits Mobility Transportation CenterTransformation Center for your m city . This is a small test facility. We are trying first to understand how individual anicles interact with individual infrastructure device. We try to extend it beyond. Has takeny that advantage of this facility is ford. They have demonstrated the idea omy. Ocalled snowton meaning they can drive in snow with no driver even when the road is fully covered white snow. They argue that this is the first time that anyone has reliably demonstrated that technology in the world. When you see some of the things that are going on here and some of the research you are doing, at what point will we be using this technology on a regular basis . Professor some of the technologies have already been put into production vehicles. End cars,y these high lexus, mercedes, acura. The number will keep increasing. Many people try to give a 2022, and so020, forth. In our view, we think the technology itself may already be almost ready. You can already have a driverless vehicle in a Recreational Park or in an industrial region with very welldefined environment and traffic. You can already deployed an Autonomous Vehicle pretty reliably. But if we are thinking about a car that can drive itself, facing glaring sunlight, heavy snow, in very complicated traffic conditions, sometimes it we jokingly say beijing or mumbai then we are probably a few years away. But depending on how challenging the scenario is that we are talking about, we are almost ready. But it is not just the technology. We need to figure out if the government regulations or the traffic rules, safety rules, insurance, and whether it the rules are in place so the vehicles can already be deployed in the real world clearly understanding who is going to pay for the insurance for any crash. Lagginge probably behind compared with the technology. Host what about security . Hacking . Is that being baked in . Professor that is being considered because cars are now being connected. Behind the years internet, interconnecting pcs. We know the internet is under constant attack. We know that hackers are trying to steal trade secrets, government secrets, or money from the bank. So, there will be hackers that continue to attack the internet and there will be hackers trying orattack Automated Vehicles connected cars. We understand that. The technology we are trying to onld in to protect cars are par or similar to what people have been deploying to protect the internet. Host what about privacy . Professor a good question again. We understand that people do not want to be constantly watched, where they are, every moment. The relative position to other cars would be important for safety but there are ways of hiding the privacy by using a security certificate. In other words, you do not really need to be associated even a license plate. Today, we are associated with a fixed license plate. That in the electronic world, your id can be refreshed regularly. You can imagine either days or yourevery few hours, electronic license plate will be refreshed. Case, it is actually protecting your privacy in terms of where you are, by having a fixed license plate. In some case, it is actually protecting your privacy in terms countries like london, people say there are hundreds and thousands of cameras. Your whereabouts is already in the Public Domain even though it digging through those video streams to know exactly where you are is very hard but you have a fixed id. Countriesin the connected vehi, we can have a refreshed id. Arguably, security is different. I would not say it is better. It is different for sure. The u. S. Ally, where is where is detroit when it comes to developing this technology opposed to beijing, tokyo etc. . Professor people have been trying to deployed Intelligent Systems to solve realworld transportation systems. In terms of solving real problems, many countries are making Real Progress in particular in the field of connected vehicles. Lead. S. Is probably in the in the sense that we have a very clearly defined spectrum. Dedicated for road Vehicle Safety application. Standards are already being defined by aaa and sae. In that sense, the u. S. Is ahead. Europe has been investing a lot demonstrationment projects. Their investment is ahead of the u. S. Most of their projects are smaller. For example, our demonstration project we could have 100 cars. Maybef them have dozens, 100. That is their level. On the other hand again, their demonstration project technologies, the investment is very healthy. So i would say that it is hard to say if the u. S. Is ahead or europe but it is a friendly competition for sure. Chance ofas a better that is what src. The dot is trying to do. The federal multi Vehicle Safety standard is now being reviewed. If passed, it would require all of the vehicles to have the src. And that would be the worlds first. Europe is not likely to pass that with so many European Countries and brexit in play and japan is simply not ready to do that. China is still thinking about it. So i would say with this u. S. Is ahead. Debbie explains more about Card Technology ii. Approach your work as an engineer or a consumer . Debbie both. Be a good engineer, you understand what your Consumers Want and you need to make it easy for your consumers to and the understandable. There is a balance between function and the human factor interface. Host as we drive to the next site, what has surprised you most . Every how far it actually transmits. The specifications that you need to transmit a minimum of 300 meters, and we have found that it goes way beyond 300 meters depending on the geometry. It is pretty much line of sight but your line is huge. Right here in this area, it is pretty much 300 60 degrees. If i am in and as curve sci rve it can s cu only go so far. With this structure, with the wires, when we are testing, we put it over a canopy. It simulates a tree canopy. If you are going on a treelined street and you are going under another type of tunnel. We do not keep it out every day because we want to keep the order. Nt in good working typically, it will look like Little Leaves going across. When you go under, you lose your gps signal. You can test how well you maintain the gps, for how long and how quickly you recover. When you talk about gps, you are talking about satellites . Yes. Gps and we are in fact upgrading our devices. Which really takes our system, the american version of the gps and adds more satellite. Instead of just having our satellite, there is a bigger set of satellites that would be more accurate. We have perfected the four wheels and the airconditioning in the car but now they are becoming very sophisticated. Theext week him of communicators talks with the president of audi of america. If you would like to see some of our previous communicator programs, go to cspan. Org. Americas created by Cable Companies 35 years ago and brought to by a Public Service by your local cable or satellite provider. The final debate between Hillary Clinton and donald trump, we are looking back to past president ial debates. Tonight, at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on debate between4 president Ronald Reagan and former Vice President walter mondale. We must understand that we are a democracy. We are a government by the people and when we moved, it should be for very severe and extreme reasons that serve our National Interest and end up with a stronger country behind us. Issueill not make age an of this campaign. I will not exploit for political purposes my opponents youth and inexperience. [applause] than the 1988 president ial debate between president George H W Bush and governor michael dukakis. We can bring that deficit build economic growth, theyll a good strong future for america, invest in those in which we must invest. Economic development. Me inish he would join appealing to the American People for the balanced Budget Amendment and for the line item veto. That lineke to pass item veto because i think that would be extraordinarily helpful. And the 2008 debate with illinois senator barack obama and arizona senator john mccain. The situation today called cries out for bipartisanship. He has never taken on the leaders of his party for a single issue and we need to reform. Let us look at our records as well as our rhetoric. We are going to have to make some investments but we have to also make spending cuts. , i am cutting more than i am spending. So it will be a net spending cut. The key is whether or not we have priorities that are working for you. Watch past president ial debates tonight at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan. Watch anytime on cspan. Org and listen on the cspan radio app. Markeding us now is bauer, the executive director of the project. Rights of felons vote just weeks away from the 2016 election. Good morning. Thank you so much for joining us. So the sentencing project released a report earlier this month looking at felons and the right to vote. What were the overall findings . Guest the broad finding is that 6 Million People will not be eligible to participate in the election next month not because they dont necessarily care about the outcome but because they have a current or previous felony conviction depending on the state in which they live they are prohibiting from voting. The largest number weve seen in any point in history. Host what are the states in which felons Voting Rights are most affected . Guest in two states maine and vermont no one is affected. Even in prison you can vote. But in 48 states you cant vote while youre in prison and 4 of those states you also cant vote while on probation or parole. And in 12 states you may even be denied the right to vote after youve fullly completed your sentence in many cases for the rest of your life. Host the report breaks out just which states have which kinds of voting restrictions. In maine and vermont states that have no restriction at all. Some who restrict only those currently in prison include hawaii, illinois, indiana, massachusetts, some others New Hampshire pennsylvania, places where there will be key battlegrounds this year. Those who are either in prison or parole who are barred from voting include california, colorado, connecticut, new york. As you said, 18 that also include probation, those on probation lose their Voting Rights, a great number there as well as some who even after all sentencing and probation is complete are no longer able to vote and that includes virginia. In virginia the governor there made efforts to change this. Can you talk about that. Guest virginia is one of the lifetime ban states. In virginia you can be an 18yearold you have a firsttime felony drug possession conviction. You get sentenced to a Treatment Program which you complete success thri and yet youre prohibited from voting for the rest of your life unless you get a pardon from the governor. Earlier this year the governor decided to restore Voting Rights to an estimated 200,000 people fully completed their sentences. He did this in a broad sweep. Republicans in the state legislature challenged this. It went to the state supreme court. The court said that the governor had the right to restore rights on an individual basis but could not do it enmass. So since then governor has vowed to restore rights doing it individually. So far hes done it to about 13,000 people and hes committed to doing the remainder in the months he has in office. Host statement from the governor. Hillary clinton also weighed in on this tweeting. Might we see this happen in some of the other states . Irgetsdz we could see this happening. Florida is really the most extreme in this regard. Nearly 1. 5 Million People are disenfrance chiesed. People who have completed their sentence but cannot vote. We saw some years ago the governor in that state has enomples power in determining what the process is for restoring rights. When governor charlie kris was republican governor six or eight years ago, he opened up the process so that people convicted of a nonviolent felony had an almost automatic restoration that was possible and he restored the rights of more than 100,000 people then. By as suck succeeded governor rick scott who closed that almost completely. So its very dependent on the individual sitting in the governor seat in those states. To felon oring rights to vote and the impact of that. The numbers are on the bottom of your screen. In the report it breaks down who is majority, 51 are post sentence. The folks who have already served their sentence and are off probation with those in prison making up 22 . Those on parole 8 . And 18 of those on probation. Talk about the effect of that. Hese lifelong bans on voting guest think about it when a person comes home from prison. We say to them ok youve done your time in prison. Now you take on the responsibilities of any citizen. We expect that you will get a job and support yourself, pay taxes, take care of your children. And by is the the way, youre still a secondclass citizen. Were not going to permit you to participate in the process. Now, this is a very harmful moment. Not only for the person but for society. Its in our interests when people come home from prison that they engage in productive activities in the community. We want them to feel some stake in the outcome of their community. And we say to them we dont want you to participate in the elect ral process, a fundamental element of democracy. I dont see where that helps anybody in terms of Public Safety issues let alone democracy. Host d. N. A. From ohio. Dan calling in from ohio. Guest ok. Caller please i believe this is part of the penalty. I believe some of these people that commit felonies, they may have shot somebody, they may have robbed somebody. You give up some of your rights when you go and prosecute that kind of a crime. Then theyre going to be able to vote for the candidate thats easiest on criminals. That may want to let these people out of prison. The people that are the victims dont want that. We want them punished. And if they commit that kind of a crime, this is part of the punishment. Host lets let mark respond. Guest when you commit a crime, certainly a serious crime, you are punished. That frequently includes prison. We dont normally take away peoples fundamental rights of citizenship also even if youre sitting in a prison cell you can get married or divorced. You can buy or sell property. You can write a letter to the editor. Its a very different story when talking rights of a citizen from what punishment is. And as for the idea of who theyre going to vote for, thats pure speculation. But in terms of the candidate who is going to advocate softer punishment for people who shoot and kill and things like that, i dont see a lot of candidates running on platforms like that. So theres not much of a danger there, really. Host we saw Hillary Clintons reaction to the governors efforts to give Voting Rights to those who have been convicted of crimes. Donald trump in august also addressed the governors moves. Lets take a look at what he said. Hillary clinton is banking on her friend on getting ousands of of violent felons to the voting booths in an effort to cancel out the votes of both Law Enforcement and crime victims. They are letting people vote in your virginia elections that should not be allowed to vote. That is sad. So sad. Host whats your reaction to that . Guest i spend a lot of time in prisons. Talking to people incars rated, some extent the guards. When you talk to people in prison i hear a broad range of opinions about all th