College community. Their communities are all over the place geographically. So American Life has changed in that Community Stability ascent he will with interest that in. We just kind of documented through discovering this kind of research that the social factors have kind of sabotage our ability to support these kinds of close refrigerator relationships. What we discovered to was mobility and american culture, really sabotages this relationship. So at the time were writing, the statistics were about warty three, 45 billion americans moving every year. That kind of relocation really takes a toll on our relational health. If sabotages are relational network. So we are having to take these relational hits every time we move around. We believe americans dont really consider the relational risks to the extent that they ought to in terms of taking off and moving around like that. We move for all kinds of reasons. We think we probably have taken this to lately. So we got into the mobility statistics. Good looks at how things changed in terms of community structure. We also look at a study that came out of duke and north carolina, which indicated over the last 25 years, 25 years ago 13 of the people surveyed said that they did not have anybody that they could confide in for a very special intimate kind of revelation in their life. 25 years later that is because 25 said they have no buddy that they can confide in. He became convinced we got into the research we are looking at that kind of thing that more and more americans were suffering from the lack of these close interpersonal refrigerator rights kind of relationships that actually sustain health. That was another ingredient i got into. What are the consequences of that in terms of our physical health, emotional health, overall wellbeing. When i got into that, i became a believer. I ran across it is some all this boat. I read across studies by David Spiegel at Stanford University who did research with Breast Cancer patients tended a simple experiment were some of the women with Breast Cancer talked about their situation and shared stories. Others did not have that opportunity. The women were talking once a week felt better about life. Their emotions were higher. They were more optimistic. They felt good. The kicker came 10 years down the line were spiegel went back and looked at those people and discover the people who would that weekly were twice as likely to be alive. Then i go over great another study by lisa who published a piece in one of the harvard medical journals back in the late 1990s and she had been working with people who had heart attacks and she discovered a heart attack patients, those who could not identify have at least one person who they could confide in, share all of their life stories within their problems and so forth. Those people were twice as likely to be dad years later after their heart. Once again, twice as likely. If cbs news announced that there was a medical drug that could make your survival rate twice as great wouldbe headlines. We have the epidemic levels of anxiety and depression and we believe, will and i believe that one of the major contributors to that is our challenge that we found ourselves in keeping these kinds of close intimate relationships. People who are wellconnected get sick less often. When they do get sick, they heal faster. We are not just talking about common colds. We are talking about severe injuries, heart attacks, cancer. That evidence boggled my mind. I was not frankly aware of that before i started research on this boat. The media part of this became very important because over the last 25 years, theres been a revolution in whose media and in general a very important aspect of that is how our media has contributed to increasing isolation. At one level, we are connected with other people in the way have never been before informationally. When you talk about those close facetoface kinds of relationships where we are in physical contact with each other, and each others presence and we can cultivate that really strong emotional bond, media may have been isolated dynamic and media may have a force that isolates us. So we are spending more and more time looking at screens than we are looking at other peoples faces. So we write about that in the book as well. So mobility and media, kind of the onetwo punch that we articulate in the book as the thing that is really challenged us. I think the first big step is for people to become conscious of the fact tears that are at work, they make these relationships more challenging for us. So i think when people move around, they have to think about the relational consequences of their moves. Is your refrigerator right him and them all and what you have to do for the extended network of relationships that feel like family. So it doesnt have to actually be family. But you can build your own family with your network of relationships wherever you are. If you look what has happened over the last 50 years, it is hard to see these major factors that have contributed to our problem are going to dissipate in any way. I think these challenges will be a continuing part of American Life. Ultimately, will and, will and i are optimistic because we believe people are wired for connection. We need each other. Over time we will find ways to integrate technology into our lives in a way that serves us well. Obviously our smartphones are vital. They are important to us. If they were, we wouldnt have done. Well find ways to integrate technology and adapt. We cant do that unless we are sensitized to uphold the technologists play. You have problems staying in touch even rate the different cities . I dont know. It will be easier now that we have so many ways to communicate through facebook, texting, all of our social media, twitter, so we will see each other live a little bit through that and hopefully be able to have next up on our visit to lafayette in West Lafayette, indiana, we hear about the bible passed on to incoming deans of women at Purdue University since the early 1900. Ive seen a photograph of five women Standing Shoulder to shoulder at various purdue functions. This was a womans function or something to celebrate to do with women. I would look at the picture. I didnt know the women in the picture and i thought theres a story. So after ive had seen us for several years, this photograph, and i heard a woman, Sally Watlington talking to another woman about, i could tell us about the women in the picture. She said that she had been the chief chauffeur in the head gopher. Backup my attention because i thought it was funny. The more story she told that weekend, the more is that it would make a great book. So then about a week later, i ran into betting ill send, who is the dean of students emeritus and shes the only one living currently. It was the day that purdue president rich daniels was named president him in as bad as i do know that he or she had heard that i wanted to read look and shes that is you know there is a bible and its a secret that weve passed it down for decades. I had that cold chills. I knew immediately that i really wanted to write and so that is when i also knew that title right then paste title right and hes standing there title right then paste it in their thinking to deans by a bull. So missed. An intriguing and it has the double meaning because capital be bible had been passed down, the christian bible. The lowercase viable means like a guide vote and that is what this book became. It is like a guidebook is leadership, specially womens leadership. The bible originally belonged to carolyn shoemaker here she was appointed in 1913 and she passed away suddenly in 1933 and purdue president Edward Elliott hired her at the start from california. She was working as principle into account other and hired her as the first fulltime woman of Purdue University. When dorothy moved into carolyns task, she found the bible and capped it, hung onto it. Well, the next woman was lehman, director of the womens residence hall. Alan and dorothy were good friends. When helen became the next dean of women a majority decided decided she would find her initials and a favorite bible passage and pass it to helen. That is how it began in sophia. In 1968, but released on became the next dean of women and she had been an assistant dean since 1966. Charity worked in the Office Inside the bible and the bible impassive too bad. In 1988, barbara cook or let also worked in the dean of Womens Office as an assistant in 1966, she became the next dean of students because in 1974 became the dean of students. She signed her name, pass it to bard in a 1987 come of betty nelson became the next dean of student and bar passage down and it continued until bonita brown in 2012 donated, gave the bible to the Purdue University archives to be preserved. So that is where it is today. The bible was an icon, a symbol of the shared profession. They really bolstered each other and they were one of the few women in a maledominated administration as the dean of women. They advocated for women students and women faculty to have people pay them for more women to beauty schools and try to get more women as administrators come even though there were very few at the time. The bible acted as a symbol of all of that would work you started in the 30s was when president elliott really was an advocate for women and he knew the more professional women he brought. Thats why he hired dorothy stratton, the more women students who become. Amelia erhardt was an advisor in the 1930s here at the university of madison dorothy stratton, the first fulltime dean of women, the three wherein became very close friends. When amelia came here to teach at purdue and she was very influential with regard to dorothy and helens believes that women could do anything. Emelia would give speeches saying women could be doctors, not just nurses and engineers and they could do anything they wanted to do. Dorothy and helens soap. N. Ricky and helen carried a million convictions that women could do anything into the 20th century. They advocated for the women students. Always thinking what amelia says. Women can do anything. She set the groundwork and amelia endorse the ticket through the century. So really they were very forward thinking when it came to women in the 30s. In world war ii have have been in. The dancer active in world war ii. Dorothy stratton was the direct your and she hired a lehman, the second dean of women as a righthand women. So they really learned what women could do because they saw women doing all sorts of mens jobs. And so when helen schliemann became the next dean after the war in 1947, it was like a cultural shock. They do all sorts of things in the coast guard. There were things that were meant dollars and she said stop blocking the women up because they had to be in their dorms, and the Residence Halls at a certain time each night and the doors were locked. Well, the man student didnt have a curfew. The theory was if you locked up the girls, the women, the boys will be fine. And so, she almost got fired for suggesting that the women students had keys to their dorms. So it took her 20 years because she was deemed for 20 years. In 1968, purdue was the first big 10 university to eliminate womens hours. So that was one of helens big moments that she contributed to purdue. But she contributed so much. She continually advocated for women to think about their whole lives. The summer before they would start school, she would send a welcome letter and invite them to come to the office for a freshman conference, which was a oneonone with either her or an assistant dean of women in the office. So they touched base and she would always ask what is your life plan . Intimate 50s and early 60s, women didnt really think about that. Today we think about life plants all the time, male or female. But a woman was like im going to get married and have kids. They said what happened . They were married so young at that age and having children and young that by the time the womens children were grown and out of the house, they had local life span must where they could think of what they wanted to do next. So helen had a little lifespan line and made them think about it although i dont know if many of them. You should think about what is something, divorce, whatever. And so, in 1863, betty for dan wrote a book that talked about how women felt after the kids are gone or when the kids were little and the perfect children and they felt empty lake is that all there is . That was like preaching to the choir for helen schliemann. I was everything she was trying to say to women. So the summer of 1964, after the book came out, along with the welcome letter, she mailed every freshman woman a copy of betty for dans feminine mystique. Also at the national deans association conference, which every dean of women was connected with this conference and made a wealth of support and they hadnt and you will conference and they invited her to speak at now is because helen suggested she was president at year. So that was really a huge contribution that helen schliemann contributed. Dorothy stratton chose proverbs 31. When i looked that up, it was essentially a woman who tries many things in her life and that was so dorothy. In fact, one of her quotes was there is much to do in this life, do it all. And she did. Fastforward to 2010, 2012 and a coast guard ship is sponsored by First Lady Michelle Obama who honored her theses stratman founded direct to your Michelle Obama christened in 2010 and commissioned in 2012 as the first time that a first lady had sponsored a navy or coast guard ship and the first time that a coast guard. Women today could learn from each of these women. I know i did. They changed my life. They are changing my life right now. They are just great women. For more information on the recent visit to lafayette and West Lafayette indiana and many other cities visited by local content vehicles, go to cspan. Org vocal content. Coming up next, after words with guest host dave levinthal. This week, Lindsay Mark Lewis and his book political mercenaries the inside story of how fundraisers allowed billionaires to take over politics. In it, the executive director of the Progressive Policy Institute explains how election fundraising has changed in recent decades and repealed the tactics used to amass a large quantities of cash the candidates now need. This program is about an hour. Lindsay mark lewis, good to have you with us today. The book is political mercenaries. Its quite detail of your money in politics during the 90s and last decade all the way up to today. A fascinating starting your young life. You had parents who are really steeped in the liberal politics at the time. Your father in alabama and a family that the march in washington d. C. About the whole variety of liberal and progressive organizations. Over the lake road map of is got a great night or weapon. They did a lot for me. Lower middleclass family and a global understanding of the world and the desire to do good was certainly impressed on me from a young age. I thank them for everything they did to give me a clue of what i believe what i think our democracy should be about. I was lucky to have the tv involved in some of those things that they did have several when i was a child. I was fortunate when i was becoming an adult that i wanted to get in this business to make a difference. Did they push you into politics in any way . Theatre sunday come that we are going to the wealthiest all it takes morning, noon and night. Did they get involved in Political Activities or was this some in because of the environment that you really took a shine to . Guest they never pushed me. They certainly never pushed me to be a fundraiser. It was more of an opportunity to be engaged in issues of the day from protesting the Arabian Embassy or the hostages here in d. C. It was opportunities to be involved in the issues that the day and to have a say. Did you have any singular experiences when you were a kid that made you think perhaps getting involved in politics, even raising money for political candidates one day over cannot staff were shoulder to shoulder . Nothing came from the family. It was fake samuel opportunity for it to be involved. It wasnt a singular moment. I think as a College Student when tom harkin. Up in 1991 was a moment. I was doing other things, a business track that at that moment when tom harkin stood in iowa and im proud to be able to vote democrat got me involved. Aside from politics i was struck by the fact youre quite an athlete growing up. It doesnt show now, but i was an athlete back then. Hockey, wrestling, sports as part of it. When it was part of it. Postcode being a hockey goalie in particular, the metaphor speaks for itself. You are taking pucks at your face time and time again. People slam into you. I grew up a big Buffalo Sabres fan and even though they are not doing well in the mh, one of my heroes almost died on the ice. So this was not a physician for the faint of heart to say the least. As you see parallels with politics and sports, even at a gathering agents are there when they got into your College Years were that experience you had in your fairly elite athlete, prepared you for the type of environment you are going to find yourself in your 20th . Guest sports of politics and politics to sports now. Theyre going to have a few years ahead of them once they get past this year. You know, i wanted to win and that was in though that man is a hockey player and other sports. That is all that matters. What comes along with that in the politics as you want to win. You want to win campaigns and elections anyway when issues. Host in sports, to come you get a certain number of points at the end of the game if youre more than the other team you win. In politics when you put the money game, often times it is philosophically with politicians and the more money you have come at a greater chance have of winning. You think that holds true and did not hold true in the 90s and has held true in the last couple decades after it is certainly a massive, massive change in the way money is saved . Guest we change the way we do campaigns. Really a recent change in people are paying