His book does such a wonderful gob of weaving together the narratives. The process in the life experience. The penultimate example of that. I was particularly thinking of elon, alito case of malaria. Foster child is a young man. But those types of things command you talk about similar problems, butbut i want to give you both in conversation about the process. The importance of passion. Difficult passionate about something superficial. Youre probably not passionate about the drapes, passionate about your children or your family are some higher purpose. What you see with creative people, they are passionate about something very meaningful. One of the most important innovators alive today. It is a very good job of explaining this. He kind of gets it. We depend on technology for survival as a species. It made us a successful species. They will come a point when this planet is not big enough for the human race anymore. Probably not that far from now we have to live on another planet. If wewere going to continue to thrive and grow. So you have to become an interplanetary species. Thats why he wants to go colonize mars. That sounds incredibly unbelievable but it is also incredibly predictable. The ability to overcome terrible because they are passionate about something greater. Musk epitomizes that. He may die very young because he is working incredibly hard. But the reason he is doing at his because he has higher purpose. That is motivating them to work longer hours, work harder, is one of the reasons he gets mad and matted employees who want to take one sunday your offer something. That is what i see able to suffer the terrible experience. Rebound from a bad illness. Theres something more important. There are things that are both refreshing and sort of probably would be disturbing the most people. I dont think most people would want to live their life completely like he does. As a kid he by the time he was 14 he may have read every sciencefiction book ever penned. Where some kids would sort of revel in the fantasies committee took this as his lifes calling and internalized it and decided, im the guy who will do this. Ellipsis life really a lowlevela lowlevel like know when i have ever seen, very utilitarian. Have aa finite amount of time on this earth and going to maximize my time going after my goals. If that means i have to be rough on my employees, family life will implode, i have to lose every dollar and so be it. When he sold paypal he made 220 million. I dont think there is anyone near here who would sacrifice every last penny, which is what he did, burned through the entire 220 Million Building rockets and electric cars, like taking all your money and lighting it on fire, the two worst things you could possibly do. And he in 2008 both companies are going bankrupt. Is going through divorce, lost a child, and he basically through sheer force of we will and chicanery gets through this period, and there are a few people that would have walked out of that let alone end up with ten of 13 billion a few years later that is why i wrote the book. He is passionate, level you rarely experience. There was a chapter in your book. Rockets. It takes you on a tour de force. Almost 50 years of a remarkable rise to future shape. The last question, some of you may know, is part of a group called the long now foundation. Many others are involved, jeff basis one of them. But one of the projects which will sound strange is a 10,000 year clock that will be self winding up perpetuating, something to remind us we need to think more longterm and think more into the future. It will be housed in west texas in the cave. Where do you see the future of innovation . It is in the story, but of themes or evolution. How they foster the creativity. One of the really interesting things about the human propensity to create is how it keeps accelerating. If you look at the 1st 50,000 years of Human History and it was like about 10,000 years ago only that we started looking out for animals are domesticating animals. 5,000 years before we got agriculture, writing emerged about that time. And now ive gone through seven models the last four years. Elon musk has self driving cars all over the world and is flying rockets to space in that. What is driving the acceleration . There are far more of this now. Everybody is created. The more people created more things could created. They are building on the knowledge of previous generations, taking advantage of the innovation. If you take that to the future were going to be had about 10 billion people and 2100. That is more than twice what we have now. They are benefiting. Were able to communicate with each other globally. So we have unprecedented creative ability. The tremendous social progress weve seen. The ability of more and more different people. Thats going to accelerate. And were waiting in parts of the world where people are not been able to create much before. It is an incredibly bright future, which you dont get to hear very often. It is so much easier to be pessimistic. That is not the whole story. Please help me in thanking the two of them. [applause] i like to turn it to the audience. Theres a microphone here in the center. Please direct your question to either of the two authors or both of them and we will try to keep on schedule. My question is when you look at people that have had all moments do you see any pattern that goes around that, what might lead them up to that momentfor what they do when they have that moment . Great question. They dont actually have those moments. If you are not familiar, the idea that when we mentioned mozart, mozart is alone in a good mood and suddenly as symphony appears in his head and he writes it down is done. One of the things from the book, that is a myth based on a letter that is a forgery. We have known its a forgery for about hundred 50 years but you still see it enacted papers about creativity as if it were true. People like the myth. The reality is stepbystep process, someone with a lot of skill and experience trying and failing until they come to this wonderful feeling of finally finishing something. The 10,000 peace may be the one that feels the best but you have to put the others in 1st. That is the truth. It is a great feeling that comes at the end of a very long series. This is a question for both authors. I want to go see the new steve jobs movie. It was brilliant, but there is a theme for people like steve jobs, try to change the world. They seem to be a hassles. This is public television. Is there a way to change the World Without being an acyl . We get it. By the way, thats the only time. I get asked this question a lot. He seems to rub people the wrong way. He has what i describe in the book is a strange sort of empathy. He is not very empathetic for what is going on in his employees daily lives. They come down and say, they have to miss some function because the kid is going to go to a soccer game. He really doesnt care about that at all. They get fired because of it. We would talk he was sort of honestly breakdown almost completely in tears when he would Start Talking about building a colony on mars and how important this was for mankind. I mean, he seems to viscerally feel the peril of the human species from some kind of unforeseen event. Such a different way that it is hard to draw the shoot parallels. Since steve jobs theyre have been a tendency to glorify people that are jerks. Although i have interviewed most of these guys and there does seem to be a propensity to be really hard on people. There are plenty of examples of people who change the world have had a great charm and grace social skill. The 2nd thing assays am sadly talking about a bunch of privileged white men. Noncharming people. And many of them were not changing the world in any way. So i would say its a coincidence. Well put. Very diplomatic. Another question for both of you. Can you talk a little bit about how he put together his team for tesla, specifically how many people he actually hired himself, interview and hire and then just a following question, after you get these emails from them having read the manuscript, did you make any changes . I can answer the 2nd one quickly. It was already printed by the time you read it. There is nothing factually that i would correct. I dont know if its going to be as fulfilling because is a different story for tesla. He was founded by two other gentlemen. He was the original money men. They were responsible for hiring the initial team. What was remarkable about that, it was a small group of people on the over 40 engineers in Silicon Valley who had never done that before. They dug in. At space x that is his baby. He gets full credit. He interviewed every single employee after about the 1st 2,000. He would cold call, call people at stanfords in the aerospace visit i get no space company. I want you to come join. He was already pretty famous from paypal. No one believed in. He went to space race of the desert. He would chat of these kids and whoever seem interested, what you come by and do an interview. Anger through some of these things. And so he was very good at finding. He does not like to pay people much money. He doesnt go to harvard or yale. He tries to find people a technical universities, engineering schools the bill something in high school or college. Most of what i know i got from ashes book which is excellent. And from reading his emails. Last question. How important do you feel when you get into the study of Psychedelic Experiences in terms of his impetus. You know, i know steve jobs experimented with psychedelics. He loves to go to burning man. As far as i know, i never found any conclusive proof, is not much of a drinker. He likes to go for the experience of it all. He is to burning and every year. He pay someone to build your accidents. But i would just be making something up. I have the idea to commemorate the 21st anniversary of21st anniversary of the art of the deal by the great donald trump but he was busy. These are engrossing and engulfing books. Almost makes you feel like fiction world. You realize these are real stories and you imagine these are the folks crafting your future. Please join us a table 21 f you grab a copy. Please thank you again. A lot there on the stage. Anybody who wants one feel free. [inaudible conversations] three days of feature programming this new years weekend. Friday night at 8 00 oclock eastern Law Enforcement officials activists and journalists examine the prison system. The 1st and primary reason the first and primary reasons we have people is to punish people from ethical behavior if we remove that correct then they can rehabilitate or deter future cry and those are secondaryn concerns. The primary purpose of the prison system is for people who are not interested toy n keep society safe from those folks. Rac with elected officials and Law Enforcement from areas experiencing racial tension with police. That is where it begins. They get the job say i am that is where it begins because they get the job to say i am protecting the public. This idea for those that gave marching orders soon neck but to look at transparency and looked at they have as they started using with our community. This issue is so muchth more. That people really in dissolution and. Does a child i could not wait to experience. Well leave or if we can afford the books for school tomorrow. Up next we will hear from evolutionary biologist. Her book is how to clone the mammoth, the science of the extinction. She talks about Climate Change and extinct species being introduced to the world. May or may not be able to hear me. Hello. Thank you for joining us. I am so delighted to welcome you to this evenings event. This evening stock is one of the many. Events. This friday David Roberts will join us with his new book, discoveries in the ancient southwest. Tickets are still available, preventing the Wright Brothers later this month. To learn more visit us online. Denies talk will conclude with questions after which we will have a book signing. We haveif copies of how to clone the mammoth at the registers. As always tonights book is 20 percent off for part of how we say thank you. Finally, quick reminder to silence your cell phones. We are pleased to have cspan book tv here typing this evenings event. When asking questions please no that he will be recorded and maybe wait a moment for the microphone. And so now i am pleased to introduce tonights author, an associate professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the university of california santa cruz. In 2,009 a recipient of the macarthur award. Scientific articles have appeared in many. Tonight she will be presenting her new book. National geographic call that a sharp, witty, and impeccably argued book and Scientific American rights in this lucid roadmap for the nations discipline of the extinction shapiro examines not only how we can resurrect long vanished species but when we cannot and should not. Pleased to host you. Please join me in welcoming. [applause] thank you. All right. Thank you for inviting me thank you for coming. It is a Beautiful Day out there. What is going to be a wonderful spring and summer. Thank you for spending an hour or so in here. Anyway, one of the many hats i wear is as a National Geographic emerging explorer which is a silly thing. A silly thing. I am not sure how i am emerging all i am emerging from but i would like to start with a video that describes the work that i do just to give you a taste of where we are so far. This is really cool. Two, three, four pieces. Still frozen. Cant dig it out at all. The big splash of water back theyre. That i get out of here. Okay. The last part is a little bit silly. In my defense that water is really gross. What it is is there a lot of active plaster mining. A type of gold mining the snow melts the waters collected and big Holding Ponds and pumped up using highpressure water hoses. The minors wash away the permafrost. And then they wait a little bit, the sun heats it up and then they wash those inches down. Their goal is to get rid of all the frozen dirt and get to the gold bearing gravel underneath. While they are doing at hundreds if not thousands of these impeccably preserved frozen bones are covered. We come along and collect them. I am a biologist, evolutionary biologist paleontologist, geneticist. I have been called lots of different things. What does a biologist wall with frozen mammoth bones . Well, my research is about Climate Change and as species and communities adapt and respond to Climate Change. What we hear about Climate Change we often hear about things like changes in precipitation patterns, largescale changes in the distribution of plants and animals, changes in storm pattern that leave some people in dire straits in different parts of the world and species are potentially at the brink of extinction. When we read about this often what we get our incredible doomsday scenarios. One might wonder what we can do to stop this. If you are comfortable at all, Climate Change literature, one of the plots you are accustomed to seeing is this it looks a little bit like a hockey stick. What this is is the big line across the middle, average global temperature and then Everything Else is kind of relative to that. The temperature was pretty stable, maybe declining a little bit in the last couple hundred it increased by about one half degrees. People are predicting much more rapid and extensive increases in global climate. This is not the 1st time in its history that we have seen a very rapid and largescale change in global temperature. Temperature. If we extend this back to about 50,000 years ago we see this right here, 20,000 years ago, the peak of the last ice age and here is a transition, the interval we are in today. This particular transition this rapid increase probably happened over a century or less. So this is actually equally rapid equally potentially tumultuous Climate Change. So my Research Trust to go back in time, sample dna sequences and asked how did species and communities respond . So the field i work and is called ancient dna. Pretty selfexplanatory. Mammoth bones preserved in permafrost. The part of the world here that you can see spanning from canadas Yukon Territory here across alaska and into siberia. You see the coloration under here and during ice ages is taken the sea level was a lot lower than it yesterday and those areas were exposed. They were incredibly rich and supported an enormous ecosystem. It was also an important corridor from movement. And information and north america. Today this part of the world looks like this. And that helicopter. Ill show you an image of that. But in the ice age it looks more like this. We have things like mammoths and mastodons and camels and giant bears, 16 feet16 feet tall as they were on their hind legs. Regular like you see today and kind of weird things. The 5foot tall be. So this is the helicopter be used to fly out, particular expedition one out into the northcentral part. You can see there are some windows missing in this helicopter. That was particularly useful. After we got off the french and russian decided that this might be a celebratory success. It might happen. They fly out there and incredible machines and staying fivestar accommodations. John focusing my so you can see the depth of mosquitoes that we have to deal with. And we wonder along places where the permafrost is melting back in the Yukon Territory. Washing down the permafrost with water hoses and people are kind of standing around wandering around. So a typical day we will pick up somewhere between five and maybe two dozen bags like this for bones that we have collected. There are lots of horses and mammoths and caribou. We get lucky and find carnivores, giant bears in different types of lyons, take a chunk out of the bones just a regular journal tool, take a chunk out and take it back to the lab and grind it up into a fine powder and extract. Weve learned a lot of the past few months. Weve seen bison and other animals that seem to peek around 40,000 years ago and start to decline after that. This is. This is interesting because the two hypotheses about what caused mammoths to go thanked his they did not like the peak of the ice age that humans turned up and killed them all. If the decline began 45000 years ago those like 15,000 years years before the peak of the last ice age in 20000 years before there is a lot of people in north americ