Johnstons relationship and jacksons relationship and things like that. So it was a nice easy transition over to the army. Before we get into the book, the statistical portrait of that but served under robert louis, how about some macro figures. How many soldiers served in the civil war on both sides . About two and a quarter Million People served. The confederacy probably around 900,000 but we dont have an exact tabulation. Recent studies suggested that more people died in the civil war but the statistics are based on the census records and it is really dicey to rely on that kind of evidence. So the best evidence indicates that virginia and North Carolina had fewer fatalities than we had anticipated various South Carolina is doing an indepth study on its state and it indicates the same thing about 10 fewer fatalities than we had thought. The union keeps exceedingly good records and of course it was the description of the Union Records into so the Union Speculation tf 360,000 dead is probably right in the ballpark. The biggest statistic that we havent been able to determine are the numbers of africanamericans who died during the war who were not in uniform at these contraband camps we are talking about perhaps hundreds of thousands who died. Its really there i theres n indepth project by a friend of mine and she is hopefully going to try to track down the statistics for us. 360,000 deaths on the union side. Confederate side right now the general figure . We use to assume it was about 260,000 or Something Like that. So its probably around 220,000 confederate. Professor, your most recent book about the army of the Northern Virginia, what is this army . It is robert e. Lee who she didnt invent the name but he became the person that made it famous. A few people refer to as the armit as thearmy of virginia thn issuing orders stating the army of Northern Virginia and so it became synonymous with robert e. Lee and his soldiers. How large and would campaigns . The army of Northern Virginia thought the Eastern Theater so we do not know precisely how many people served because the units come and go but i would estimate at any given time during the course of the war they were members of the army. At the peak it was about 90,000 men in june of 1862 and of course the jungle down to nothing and thought many of the battles that were the largest in the world. The sevenday battles and a handful of flights taking place over the course of seven days that had a total of 36 casualties on both sides and the wilderness is huge and chancellorsville and second manassas is huge. They are enormous battles and antietam which is the single bloodiest days. What other armies were there on the confederate side . Of the other principal arm in tennessee there was also the arm and mississippi and those are the principal armies for the confederacy. What do we know about the army of Northern Virginia . What was its makeup . The soldiers came from every confederate state in the army in Northern Virginia. Regiments from each of the states. Half of them enlisted or entered the army o army or had to enlisn 1861. Another 30 entered in each and 62 and most of them entered before the confederate conscription law went into effect. So these are largely volunteers. About 37 of them are married. The original msds committee teen 61 are overwhelmingly single but by 1862 they began until you get to the married soldiers that would go in. They are pretty wealthy as far as soldiers are concerned as well as compared to the southerners in general. A really High Percentage are either slaveholders or their families and that they lived with their families so about 38 are in a situation in 44 live in the sleeve holding households cost of slavery is a powerful force with regards to these individuals. They are quite wealthy, the Median Income is above what we would consider middle class. Its solidly in the whole class based at the upper end of the middle class, so they are pretty wealthy and what to do. Most of them the majority of them are farmers. A fair number of professionals, some white collar folks and surprisingly not nearly as many skilled workers as they would have anticipated. The war demanded the skills in the civilian world that is somebody has to manufacture these things that the army is needed as a result, the government was encouraging many of the skilled workers to stay at home and they were often times exempt from the construction. Can we extrapolate from what you said when the army was first formed it was an enthusiastic group of volunteers fighting for a way of life . Absolutely they were fighting for a way of life, they were fighting for the institution of slavery and to protect what they had. Their property into their way of life in the sense that they have aspirations to own slaves if they didnt. Even poor soldiers who enlisted often times soft benefits in the service. First of all you get a steady paycheck and second, many of them did not anticipate the world would go on as long as they did and that the losses would be so severe. And third copy of hopes and the postwar difference in the army would Grow Business their way or would hire them and it makes good sense if i were in the army and we got out and i knew that you were a good soldier and i needed somebody with your skills im going to hire my Old Army Buddy because i can trust you. You are responsible and i know what you can do and in that regard we depend on one another for survival. This is a very sensible approa approach. Can you see with the level goes down through the desertion etc. . Yes. Its a very. For example the soldiers are from the deep south almost never deserted until the long straight divisions got sent to georgia so it doesnt make sense to try. So especially in the late stages of the war you cant separate the reelection from the march. It happened almost simultaneously. But you see the huge increase in the desertion and his army. The last quarter of 1864 into the first four months is actually three months of 1865. What was it like towards the end . They are taking in half the amount of protein the body needs to sustain itself and they are taking about two thirds of the necessary vitamins and barrels and so what theyve got is a situation where they are consuming 900 calories but not taking insufficient vitamins and minerals the body cant break down the food properly. So they are slowly starving. It is a pretty bad situation. Then of course you have clothing and shoes, shoes issues which are really bad. It is a terrible experience in those last six months. So as a scholar of the civil war when somebody watches gone with the wind, how accurate are some of those scenes that we see in the movie . I am not a big fan of gone with the wind. So, why . Mainly because the portrayal of African Americans makes me a little uncomfortable. Its a movie made in the 1930s and so it reflects Racial Attitudes at the times. When it came to the army of Northern Virginia how many africanamericans served . They could serve as body servants but none could be enlisted as soldiers. There were a couple instances where i found individuals that passed and had gotten out, but the blacks were not allowed to serve in the confederate army. What is this picture that you have on the cover . Did this end up at the appomattox . If diminished rapidly. Many of them came in and once the word got out that he has rendered. We flee west so we could take the trains and go down to North Carolina and merge josephines army and then of course what happened is these army is in bad physical condition. Eventually that Union Soldiers were able to block them at the appomattox. How important were they in his army now . They were combined probably about 5 of the arm army were er foreignborn or northern born. And of course the largely irish and german mercenaries . No. These were people that moved to the south seeking jobs and so on not coming during the course of the war ende and then the northn born were largely individuals who come to the south and settled into some of them not that long. Some of them only a year or two before but were very comfortable in the confederate states. And so they fought on behalf of the confederacy. I had accumulated a vast amounts of statistics for the Generals Army and i talked to my friend gerry gallagher. I published it in the series and he and i were great personal friends and so i said ive got an enormous amount of statistics and he said why dont you consider publishing a statistics book and so i crunched a bunch of numbers and thats the product of it and we were able to address the issues because now we have the hard data so not only did we have the hard data about marriage and issues like the rank and slaveholding and wealth and so on but all sorts of other states exit out the wartime experiences. What surprised you about the statistical look at all of the soldiers . I think a couple things shocked me. When is the High Percentage of the soldiers that were killed in action or were wounded in action. Its a combat army that sold were fought some of the biggest battles in the civil war. And they are staggering. So if you are an officer if there is over a 50 chance that you are either wounded once and are killed in action that is really a High Percentage of the officers and with the endless did manage is considerably lower but in the whole army you have a higher percentage that were killed in action then died of disease and when you look at the whole package you see absolutely staggering statistics. Almost 75 of anyone who ever served in his army was either killed in action, died of disease, was wounded at least one time, is captured prior to appomattox or was disabled for some injury or illness. Thats incredible and then when you factor those that deserted because it is often hard to be killed in action by statistics reached 80 . Four out of every five suffers the fate. What were the feelings about robert e. Lee . It hasnt gone so well for them prior to the command and he fought the battles and drove the union army back from the gates of richmond and then took the initiative and advanced on the troops farther to the north and drove them essentially out of virginia and pushed on and that resulted in the city and heat of battle the confederacy as a whole felt that way about the entire army. We give you code his army was the most in the entire confederacy. So everyone idolized him and the army of Northern Virginia. What were the soldiers feelings about Jefferson Davis . Jefferson davis was actually pretty popular with the soldiers. He was a military guy and he obviously had a good record with robert e. Lee and the soldiers generally had good attitudes about Jefferson Davis. Soldiering in the army of Northern Virginia is the book. Troops that served under robert e. Lee is this acoustical portrait. Joseph, professor of history here at the unc chapel hill is the author. Visit to booktv. Org to visit any of the programs online. Type the author or the book title in the search bar on the upper left side of the page and click search. You can also share anything that you see easily by clicking the share on the upper left side of the page and selecting the format. Extremes live on the weekend with top nonfiction books and authors. Booktv. Org. In the new york epicenter where the Book Publishing industry is meeting for its annual convention margie of red regnery joins us. It is delightful to be here and we have a lot of exciting titles coming this fall. In fact, this spring we have a few coming in the next few months. We have a big book the next one is a book by Dinesh Dsouza and its about america, her history, her values and a kind of retort to the mythology as the nation would say that america has a history of oppression and bullying and that americans greatness and strength influenced is really based on overpowering people rather than drawing in people to attracting people with hope and opportunity. So, i k