Economics. My question really has to do with the relationship between the Gates Foundation and the world they. When i started to think about questions for you, i looked at the world banks budget and i saw a bed with a layout in between 40 billion exceed billion dollars a year on a wide range of topics. So when you entered this field, did you believe, you probably did, but how did you think about approaching a . Would you be catalytic with respect to the world bank . In other words, to do things yourself that they are not doing . For example, the reduction in infant mortality, which is certainly a big success dori really was not underway for a lot of the time the world bank had substantial resources. Was that something that attracted you . Do you think that you can be more flexible than the world bank in terms of moving from one priority to another . How do you match the world they . Thanks. We do a lot with the world bank. I had dinner with john cannon come a long dinner last night because we overlapped a lot in health and agriculture. In areas we dont overlap, or Agricultural Program works a lot better when there is a road. You want to get the inputs in any output file. The road is a very clever way to do that. Its tragic. Africa, both in terms of Power Infrastructure we need in roses way way behind. That really is bumping up on levels that wont go up unless they solve those infrastructure problems. Theyve got to solve this health problems. I got to solve agricultural product dvd. Unfortunately, economic advance requires a lot of things that come together including education and government as well. The World Bank Numbers though, you cant really compare them directly to her numbers because those are low numbers. So you have a ibrd bonesetter market rates loans. Do they tend to be pretty competitive, but its the idp some sort of the forgiveness part of that Loan Portfolio that is the really significant overlap with what our foundation does. And there are a number of factors that are coming unicefs in the states. The agency that did the most for Child Mortality was a guy named jim grant during the 1980s where he convinced countries they need to raise vaccination rates. They were below 30 when he started and they went to up to 80 in a decade or so he probably saved more childrens lives than anyone. Theres deng xiaoping, various people that saved a lot of childrens lives. But he would be certainly high on the list. There is an area we operate that the world that doesnt operate and promote. The invention of malaria vaccine, world bank does not put any money into that. They dont have people who know about that. The other big funder of god is the National Institute of health, particularly the Infectious Diseases, the part of nih. Over 80 of the Infectious DiseaseResearch Funding comes either from us or from them. So they are d. Collaborated there. With world bank, the thing we are super excited about, two things are super excited about doing together. One is fixing primary health care because some have done that well, a lot of thought and its basically personnel system. Redoing a report card that the world bank doing business and were going to do that in the agricultural space, which is really about how do you turn your Agricultural Sector to make it as marketdriven as possible . Are you taking the latest these . Are you educating farmers . Are your pricing policies, storage policies such that your farmers are being uplifted that the product davidian incomes are going up. So we have Ambitious Goals for things we want to do. A lot of funding reduced through the bank. It shows is the creator polio account gets created through the bank. So they end up facilitating things. They have a lot of i. Q. Engine can have stated a goal that they unlock that i. Q. Not just connected to the loans. Thats an ambitious goal. Now hes trying to drive that even further. So theres a very good partner, unicef, theres a lot of partnering involved in the developing world. We are out of time. Before we finish, i just want to say it is an honor on behalf of all my colleagues to share the objective of a better world, particularly on behalf of those who cant write for themselves or menarche representing today, but we are their intellectual and action representatives. What you are doing is truly important. We embrace endorse it. Before mr. Gates is come i ask safeco mysql stacy is that he can get out. But of course join me in thanking him for joining us. [applause] a recent hearing studying brain injuries in sports like football and hockey, nfl and nhl officials and athletes about the excitement had related industries on what is being done to prevent them. Here is a preview. American football is an inherently violent sport. Thats one of the reasons we love it. The forces encountered in football can be huge. Consider a big hit between a running back and a linebacker at full speed. We can show using newtons second law that the force each player exerts on the other exceeds three quarters of the time. This is why football is called a contact sport. Two players who collated full speed, to comment are experiencing the same force to their heads that one of them would feel if he had a 16pound bowling ball dropped on his helmet from a height of eight feet. Medical knowledge of concussions is in its infancy. But we know one thing for sure, forces to the head and neck results and how big the sources can be. Heres another problem. Theyre getting bigger. Since 1920, the average pay has increased almost 60 to just over 300 pounds. At the same time players have gotten about 10 faster. Combining factors as we do not calculate Kinetic Energy, Energy Available to cause energy, we found the amount of Energy Jumped into the pit the line of scrimmage on any given play has almost doubled since 1920. An exact opposition to this trend is the fact that players are shedding their protective gear. I need kneepads resemble teacup doilies. For scholars, public climate of my generation have gone with the flying wedge. Modern football helmets or technological marvels that players choose and not for their coalition pushing ability, but for how cool they look. Another problem is the poor state of our medical knowledge. I am not calm me to explain these issues, i think it is safe to say a roomful of head trauma physicians will not agree on the details of a concussion are or what causes them. This means the diagnosis and treatment of concussions have a long way to go. As our understanding of these issues improve, we may find energy race to the increasing of the game and the whole associate in of equipment have increased faster than we thought. A portion of the hearing that will be showing you in its entirety to make sure 8 00 eastern on our companion up work on a cspan. Here on cspan2, booktv in prime time with a series of programs. At the end of the day, the economy is going to continue to need an enormous monetary stimulus. The fed will not be raising rates for quite some time. But i am optimistic that the u. S. Economy is going to accelerate. One of the chorus sings here, one of the core dimensions is the fact that last year the u. S. Economy grew 1. 9 with fiscal drag from higher taxes and spending cuts reducing growth by 1. 3 percentage points. So without that fiscal tightening, the u. S. Economy wouldve been growing over 3 . As you know, cbo does not make policy recommendations and that is very important because policy choices depend not just on analysis of the consequences of difference courses of actions, but also how unwaged those consequences about what values one applies. Theres nothing special about our values. It is up to our elected leaders. To make this policy judgments. Our job is to Hope Congress understand the action. Piece in the u. S. Economy with the cbo director and experts from td bank, the financial times, mic and the university of maryland. That is followed by the First Press Conference by new fed chair janet yellin. Saturday morning at 10 00 eastern. Sec chom whaler and Jessica Rosenworcel said it is crucial that the congress is the rate Program ProvidesSchool Access to the internet undergo a major improvement. Both the chair and commissioner were featured at the chiefs a School Officers legislative Conference Held earlier this week in washington. This is just over an hour. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for being here. We have a really exciting our scheduled here where we are going to be discussing key rate reform and the work underway at the federal communications commission. And peter zamora, director of federal relations here and i am really just here to introduce superintendent luna and kick off the discussion today. Tom luna has been a twoterm superintendent in the state of idaho and that capacity has shown tremendous leadership and courage in pursuing major improvements on accountability and particularly innovation in the use of technology in the classroom. And for a benefit here at the National Stage cummings also been a Real National voice to major in education. In addition to being the president of ccsso last year, hes also led three task forces for us in recent years. He let the Teacher Preparation Task force improving systems they are. We heard about that yesterday. He also chaired our tsca Reauthorization Task force were redeveloped legislative language to support congressional action on elementary and secondary education act. And now he is here in his capacity as one of the cochairs along with tom in california of our Digital Learning task force. So tom has announced that he will not be seeking reelection this fall and i just wanted to thank you for all youve done for us, for students in this country and that we look forward to working with you in the future. Tumble introduced commissioner rosenworcel. I just want to thank her and chairman wheeler for all of their support of educators in the context of erate reform and particularly coming out today on a snow day. With that, superintendent luna from idaho. [applause] thank you. Thank you, peter for setting up this session. I think its very timely. It wasnt very many years ago when we used to hear phrases like it took 20 years to get the overhead projector out of the Bowling Alley and into the classroom. The comment was in reference to just how slow education was to adopting and embracing the opportunities that technology provides. I think that is all changed. I think there is a growing demand and desire for more and more technology and recognize the power of that. I was honored to serve with tom for looks and a california, seven other states working on Digital Learning task force, trying to find ways we can better assist every state in leveraging the to elegy to improve student achievement. Ive been asked to share some of the things ive done in idaho. Whether youre an urban School District or you have a very diverse geography, like idaho, we all know well never truly meet the needs of all students until we close the Digital Divide and provide Classroom Teachers the 21st century tools that they need to individualized instruction for every student. In the 21st century, the classroom and learning is not limited by walls. Its not limited by bell schedules. Something of a School Calendars or local staff endorsements or certificates and most importantly cannot be limited by geography. About every child lives, they deserve the same equal access and opportunity than any other child has access to. In idaho weve been working to close the Digital Divide so we can provide equal access and opportunity no matter where child lives and weve accomplished this through the miracle of technology. In idaho, majority of schools and districts that are located in remote isolated parts of our state. Where large states on the basics of the states in one country and reserve 300,000 students. So as we work to close the Digital Divide with dennis in many ways. For me just highlight to you because they think they illustrate how once you provide access, students will take advantage of it. One of the ways i want to talk about his idaho has a very comprehensive Math Initiative. It has many parts to it, but one of the parts of the Math Initiative is a webbased map my next program that is called think through mass. Teachers can supplement their instruction by allowing students to login from any computer and solve complex math problems in a game like environment. Students earned points of the software difficult problems and if necessary can even talk to a life tutor if they wanted to trouble and need help. So with this opportunity and an environment that children enjoy being in, last year more than 30,000 students in idaho logged on and saw the nearly 13 million complex math problems. Of those, 4 million dennis said the traditional classroom. At home, on the weekends, over spring break, christmas break him at thanksgiving. Not because students are compelled to. None of this is done as a result of homework assignments. It was done because they wanted to them if they had access to take advantage of that. So far this year students of salt 18. 3 million problems in the third of those have been solved outside the traditional classroom day. Once we give students access to not only did my math, they wanted to do more math as they enjoyed it and it very good at it and wanted to do more of it. Teachers of all raised events about how their students have come in during recess, worked over thanksgiving break and on and on and the amazing impact on student achievement. Another great thing be done in idaho to expand learning opportunities as if we built the Idaho Education Network where erate played a Critical Role in order to make this happen. The iem is a highspeed rod and secure intranet. It connects to every Public High School together in colleges and universities through a private owned intranet that we manage the content on a pier for some communities weather brought this to their communities, was the first time communities have access to broadband. The idea to set up on the classroom every high school has a flatscreen tvs and microphones and cameras in order to handle virtual teleconferencing sister not only have access to the Great Teachers in their schools, but every other great teacher across the state. One of the benefits the students have access to dual credit courses they never had access to before. Its because of the Education Network and providing access to the number of College Credits and students participating in learning College Credits has exploded in our state. Two years ago 17,000 High School Students have taken dual credit classes. Last year, the number further 24,000. Im sorry, 28,000 our deepest of the first master, 24,000 students in idaho are enrolled in advanced courses. Again, what we have found is if we provide equal access and opportunity, it is for a students to opportunities they didnt have before and take full advantage of them. These two examples come to think through math in the Idaho Education Network show if we do provide access students will participate in it will improve their student achievement. We need is access. That is why we have to modernize the key rate funding. The commissioners here to address us today well talk to us about that. If were going to modernize every other part of our education and a lot of us here have been focusing on now for many, many years, it is critical we also modernize erate or erate 2. 0. In the 21st century learning isnt going to be limited by walls. Its not by bell schedules or geography or School Calendars. We must make sure that erate is not limited by the same barriers also. Students no longer just learned in the traditional sense. We need to make sure that erate shifts its focus not to just learning, but where learning occurs. This would help every state, every community, every Public School to improve student achievement in idaho in other states are heading in this direction. Because of the Idaho Education Network that we build connecting our high schools, today 80 are now a full Wireless Environment. With a capacity that provides simultaneous access for every student and so its a very robust, every classroom, every hallway, everywhere warming could occur to the chimneys to the lunchroom is a Wireless Environment. The Wireless Environment is not currently funded through erate, but we hope in the near future this kind of flexibility is made possible. Once we have a Wireless Environment in every school, the opportunity to move to a one to one Computing Device in every childs hands is the next step in idaho is already piloting that in many schools across the state and some of our schools are frustrated because of the slow pace. They want the onetoone techn