They want to have those groups in charge of public order in their community. So it is troubling that we dont seem more support for the police and courts, and it is perturbing because as the National Academy of sciences quite correctly says, we have seen amazing gains in the quality of policing services of america, effectiveness in fighting crime, professionalism and other ways. So lets look at refocusing on the issues of right now. And i certainly dont mean this to be a criticism because i think actually a refocus would be going back to what i understand to be some of the core ideas that are in the original theory. In particular, if the police are going to gain support from the public by addressing public needs, we have to recognize that, perhaps, the public concern, the needs are different now than they were in earlier eras were there was of focus on fear of crime. In fact, its a good time to reconsider the Public Relationship to the police because crime is low, as we are all in acknowledging. And fear is not driving the public reactions to the police, to a community the way that it is later. Whelp, what are the communitys concerns . Here again we have a number of studies that have been done over the last 15 or 20 years that are very complex set in finding a common set of concerns for both white and Minority Community residents to my concerns that are reflected in general surveys of the community and also in interviews with people who have dealt with the police were gone to court. Actually, it was interesting. With the attorney general, the bigger attorney general, holder, said that to the department of justice has just put a lot of resources behind procedural justice initiatives. That is actually based upon research on what people look for when they deal with the police. They look for fair treatment, something that we call procedural justice. The most important issue to people was weather and not they feel that they had received for treatment when they deal with a Police Officer or a judge, evaluate Police Forces or courts, ask if they generally provide people with fair treatment. Fair treatment means that people did decisions made fairly, that they are listened to. Before decisions are made they have a voice, that they can see that the authorities are neutral, that they are following principles of law, being consistent but they feel that there status in the community is respected, are accorded the respect that they deserve and they deal with the police, not treated in a biased way, not insulted, not their recognized that people are entitled to bring their concerns, to have issues that they can address, legal authorities. And they trust that the motives of the police are sincere, benevolent, and caring for, that theyre trying to do what is right for all the people in the community, trying to take peoples concerns seriously. Elements of feelings. Again, i would say the main point is at this time in history this is what dominates the public reactions to the police and the courts. So we know, we have a sense for whether this is the public might want and what it might find to be lacking internal policing. When we put it that way, we can see why the public might be having trouble with current policing efforts. Because the police are not focusing on those public concerns. They are not addressing those issues. They are continuing to focus on Crime Reduction and in particular violent Crime Reduction as the primary issue that drives the way theyre interacting with the public. This has been associated with policies like zero tolerance, stop, question, and frisk, and it is not being responsive to what the public is really concerned about, which is why we are seeing these manifestations of public discontent. What is the effect, for example, on young man of being stopped by the police on the streets . We have research on that in new york city. The police are viewed as less legitimate. Crime goes up because legitimacy is an important factor in criminal behavior. Willingness to cooperate with the police goes down so that the way in which people are experiencing dealing with the police is actually having the effect of increasing tendencies and behavior. And in particular there are constant complaints about harassment and intimidation. During these stops factors that are really separate from other these kinds of activities have some reasonable Crime Reduction contents or effectiveness. My point to you would be that really this is not broken windows. In fact, what we really should be looking for is a return to the ideas trying to build the trust and respect of the community through policing activities and focusing on what it is the public says they want as a way to do that. I just will conclude by saying that, i think, jimmy, one of the parts about the broken windows modeled that is really central to its original presentation about how it has gotten lost over the years is the connection to the community. The original discussion, the point or that people were leaving communities because of fear of crime. And if the police could create a reassuring presence in those communities they could support social and economic development. Since that time we have recognized even more the centrality of economic and social development, the community wellbeing, and we now have a lot of research that suggests that the police are really important in motivating the creation of social capitol, economic activity, political activity, but the point is that it is a reassuring presence of the police that promotes those activities, the belief on the part of the public that the police are trustworthy, that there are a legitimate force in the community. And those kinds of feelings are needed even more now than ever to try to build economic and social maturity in communities. So i will just finish by saying, i think it is a great moment to think about going back to the original ideas. We have a low crime rate. The police can focus on being and not a menacing presence but a reassuring presence and on the task of building economic and social wellbeing because, as the police themselves theyre all the time, you cannot arrest your way out of crime. You need to promote the conditions that eliminate the need for crime. Thank you. [applause] if anyone has any doubts, you have to take a look at what times were looked like in 1993 and take a look at what it looks like now in new york city. The try and buy a townhouse in harlem right now. You cant do that on a prosecutor salary. I just want to know that when you talk about Crime Reduction, as the prosecutors. Youre absolutely right. Next we have achieved by tracy. We heard about some of the academic theories and how the studies of these two gentlemen have been put into place. Now we have regimen who has actually had to work with these theories and put them into place in two major cities in our country, new york city and chicago. This is chief bob tracy. Good morning, everyone. Good morning. Thanks. It is great to see you again. We have not seen each other for about eight years now. I am a big fan of george and tom we put some of these into practice in chicago and new york city. As the District Attorney said, he saw my biography, went to the private sector for some additional money, but having five children right now at ages seven and 16, so they are still young. I was drew out to the private sector to love my wife stay home with the children when assumption of the camelot. Superintendent mccarthy when he was appointed, head of the Chicago PoliceDepartment Gave me a call and said, would you come to chicago . I look to my wife. She said, know what youre calling his. We will make it work. So the house in new york, bought a house in chicago. My wife says to my dont care where your next move is, we are staying in chicago. You can commute back and forth. So i have to do the best that i can in the position i am. Our children are growing france. So i am fully vested. It is in my best interest to continue. But i am just going to go back to my years in nypd. I was very fortunate. I was a Police Officer in the 1980s. A young sergeant in the late 80s into the 90s. The subways and the crime and the fare evasion, two different Police Departments, the transit Police Department and the new york city Police Department. We started to see great things happen with chief William Bratton who took over the Transit Police at the time. What happened, in the subways in dramatic decrease in crime by applying these measures of going after the Little Things which was very evasion. Most of these individuals were offduty correction or they were actually someone is committing crime. And that crime, they were the gatekeepers in the subway. That helped reduce crime to where it yesterday. Chief jackson will probably get into that later, but it is a dramatic change in addressing the smaller things to take care of the bigger things. And at the same time i was mostly in those Violent Crime units going after mostly the Violent Crimes among the heavy hitters and the people that were wanted mostly for murders and shootings throughout most of my career in new york city, but my time and fugitives, when bill bratton came along as we were addressing the quality of life crimes these people were getting what was called see summonses. Notices of violations to appear in court. At the time might units were going after the robbers, burglars, and murderers. They had set to mow were going to start going after the people that do not answer summonses. We started looking at them, and most of them, back to what you were saying, most of these people, yes, they were doing lowlevel crimes or quality of life crimes but they had extended records of violence. At the same time we address that. Affecting the quality of life and getting the bang for the bachmann. Putting them back into the system or possibly. So that was a big change. I had thought of the same time, what is this going to do . We after the bad guys. It really change the way that we started thinking in the Police Department in seeing crime go down. So i am a big subscriber to it. And have seen the results, and i was fortunate enough to be in the Police Department in years. I have watched the city for 22 wonder murders come down to almost 400. I dont like to talk about that number. Believe me. We hear it all the time. So that it that is where it has come from. I used to see and that one time the chief was a commander is in the 23 , had worked in the 34 precinct which was in washington heights. When i was a sergeant was there for seven years. Within that three marius we allow hundred and 20 murders. I went to community meetings. The focus in the community was not what we were doing about the violence or the quality of life. That really resonated with me. Almost 45 years ago. So im going to fast forward on the unique position. I got the joe lifetime to follow a gentleman i believe in, Gary Mccarthy and come to another big Police Departments. And an opportunity to try some of the theories of the gentlemen that are appear. And we introduced one thing that we had to do, we looked at the Chicago Police department. It was not set up to support and deliver the services that we wanted to reduce crime and to address the quality of life and gain the trust of the community. So we had to do when we first came to chicago, we put in place the Business Management principles. It is management tool is huge, and it is not just about metrics of outputs. We want to look at it about outcomes. And these outcomes is whereat as far as what were doing right down to the quality of life in conjunction with reducing crime. We were up against some challenges. The Chicago Police department, when you walk to the door, over politicize and over specialized. So over politicization. The cook county States Attorneys Office, probably back me up with the politics and the can down. What mayor ron emanuel did was give superintendent mccarthy the support and the cover to run the Police Department without politicians and floods of food the next leaders going to be. So we had to do is find the right leaders, built the bench, and promote the right people. Not to say some of these people that were put in by the Council Members choices, i think, set them of because they were not ready for the positions that they had. Flan of the organization. Because of politics as the superintendent went on to say, the organization in charge of the Chicago Police department. So there were things. We streamlined it, funded, eliminated three ranks because we wanted the message to get from superintendent and the chiefs right down to the troops on the ground. Too many layers in place and they were all political positions. And also if we combined units and put them in the right place to break down the silos and the Police Department. Overspecialization. The Chicago Police department, the idea of reducing crime, they did a very good job of it prior to our administration coming in. But they have citywide units. And these citywide units moved all over the city, did not know the community and were flown in any time there was any type of violence. So they stay for three weeks to occupy the area, as the community off, and that left. Who is left to deal with this . The people who are in those districts in needed the support to begin with. We disbanded the specialized units and put them back into their districts, precincts, new York District scum put them back into the districts. Because the system, one of the things, i think everybody knows, finally enacted in telesis to cementum of Rapid Deployment that is synchronized to focus tactics and strategies and aggressive followup assessment. If were going to hold our commander accountable for the crime that is happening in their districts, driving down the accountability, and they dont have the resources to deal with in the ground level and have to wait to get specialized units, how can we hold them accountable and how they get in touch with the community . We bring most of the people back in, and then the argument was, you put them in districts. These officers, you know, youre not going to have the officers going out to rescue bad guys. If you put them in districts is it going to change that type of officer . Is going to do the same thing in the same area. And that brings us back to geographic integrity. You have to have the same officer in the same area working all the time. If you have different people working in a district called the officers that are not staying on their beat him howdy know the community, rowdier know who the good kids and the bad kids are . The biggest complaint, they are just driving by the bad guys. You are driving by the gang bangers and not during anything about it. If you dont know your community youre not the same person in there all the time and youre not going to know. Jimmy jones, johnny smith. You dont know the kids coming from practice as opposed to the kids that are out there gangbang in trying to sell drugs. The gangbangers even dress nasser because they have the economics to mine eyes closed. You have to get the same officers and the same be every day. But we also do is when it comes to some of our specialized units, narcotics, we want to make sure they are in the same areas. They want to a buyer. We want to make sure they stay in the area, work the same area and then we take the strike dealers off the street. We take the drug dealers off the street, one of our strategies is now planned Police Officers in that area, build organizations, hold an area, let them have some confidence that we will be there for them and at the same time once we can start slowly pulling out when the next person comes by to buy drugs is meant by a cop and not a drug dealer. Block by block by block and then end use of city services, clean up, cut the trees, clean up the vacant lots. We take things, people have experiences because of the foreclosures and forfeitures of housing, they are becoming prime nests. We are ensuring that when we take them down we get the trust of the community and do what we say were going to do. We hold that ground and make short periods of that is a different way of doing strategy with narcotics unit. A return to community policing. We discussed it. Make sure that we have the people there. How we do this, at the same time when we make sure the officers are in the district and have more resources, the proactive. We also probably have more calls for service than any other big Police Department in the nation. The superintendent made a policy decision to take 20 percent of those out of a cue to allow more officers to handle the jobs that we need to and handle the conditions. We went on a Public Campaign to let them know what we are doing. My dog is lost. We have alternative services for that and have moved a lot of those jobs over and educating the community. You just dont pull the plug because that could work against you. At the same time we want to make sure that officers have the time to deal with the conditions that the community needed to be addressed. Also, we also do a lot of things that the other Police Departments to. We have hot spot policing, but we also have on people policing. We took a look at the social network analysis. We were able to work with the Illinois Institute of technology and identified the players that are out there through their associates, some of the worst or most violent people in the community. The people that associated with them through arrest records sometimes are