Have the arab spring and it was during the strikes against libya, and the objective was to restore democracy in libya. Two years later, its now in libya. Its no man land. And libya is destroyed, as afghanistan, iraq, dont speak about yemen, sudan, and all these conflicts. Do you think dont you think if you are going to enter military or us to other partners to make war against this socalled Islamic State, dont you think thats going to make also jordan and lebanon, maybe iran, and other countries . Second question, mr. Secretary secretary quickly. The arab Public Opinions knows that the main reason of instability in the area is because the International Community didnt find a solution to the Israeli Palestinian conflict, and its not the Israeli Palestinian con. The israeli arab conflict. Dont you think if nato, European Union, eu member states, exert pressures against israel, so as to accept King Abdullah for peace which was accepted by all arab countries, without restrictions, because arabs have nothing to negotiate and to give to israel. Dont you think that is going to stop these terrorist, and to have mail military, dont you think its better to invest in the Development Office these countries . Thank you very much. Two questions. Does military action threaten destabilize more than stabilize, in libya, and is the solution of the arab israeli conflict necessary. The first question is a very good question because you can point to some historical examples that in the wake of a military operation, we have seen unstablity, violence, maybe even failed states. And but first let me stress that we have or individual allies have received a request from the Iraqi Government to assist the government, in the fight against this terrorist organization. And i think we have a responsibility to help the Iraqi Government fight isis, exactly to avoid that iraq would become a new failed state. Having said that, i think we have there are lessons to be learned from previous military operations. I would not argue against the military operations because in each and every case, i think they were necessary and legitimate. However, i think the International Community, as such, should learn from these operations that it is of utmost importance to strengthen efforts after a military operation, to help these societies improve their capability, to establish security and good governance. Libya after 40 years of dictatorship, the new authorities have to start from scratch, and seeing retrospectively, i think the International Community us a such did too little too late to help the new authorities in libya. Its a new nation. The nato operation was a great success. We implemented the u. N. Security mandate hundred . We prevented attacks against the libyan people so we did what we were mandated to do. But when we had finished the military operations, i think, seen red throw specktively, that the International Community, led by the u. N. , should have done much more, much faster to help the new authorities in lib gentleman, and thats one of the important lessons to be learned, that military operations should go hand in hand with civilian efforts to follow up, to establish or to build a new nation after such a military operation. But i have to say, this goes beyond natos capabilities. Nato is a military alliance so its for the broader International Community to follow up in such cases. Of course, i can only agree that a settlement of the Israeli Palestinian conflict would solve many problems. Absolutely. I fully agree. And without going into too many details, i still think that the longterm sustainable solution is to see true states living sidebyside in peace and harmony, and within secure borders. I still see this as the right formula for a longterm sustainable solution to the Israeli Palestinian conflict. Going to the other side, right here from reuters. Adrian from reuters. How long it would take an independent scotland to join nato and whether you believe that nato that Scottish Independence would undermine britains contribution to natos defenses . Did you get those . Yes. Probably you know very well that im not going to interfere with the Referendum Campaign in scotland. What i can tell you is the following. If a new independent state wants to become a member of nato, it will have to apply for membership. Of nato, and such an application will be addressed in exactly the same way as all applications are dealt with, and eventually it will require consensus, unanimity, within the alliance to accept a new member of our alliance. As this is a hypothetical question, we havent discussed it at all within our alliance, and im not in a position to say anything about timelines. As you know from history, timelines differ significantly when it comes to applicants towards membership of nato and basically its very much a part of their able to fulfill the necessary criteria. So actually the answer is that i cant say anything about timelines. On the issue of whether Scottish Independence would undermine u ks ability as being one of the leading member offered nato to participate. Any concerned about that . No. Without interfering with the debate leading up to the referendum, i dont see that any outcome of the Scottish Referendum will have an impact on uks contribution to nato. Right there, egyptian television, with the book up. Hi. I am a reporter for one question. When you had this operation in libya, you spoke about three conditions which under this conditions you are going to lead the operation. Clear request from the libyan authorities, and i think u. N. Mandate. Under which conditions you are going to lead this coalition, International Coalition in iraq . Do you exclude this or its something for the future . Just to throw in one from twitter here, saying almost the saying thing. Given the kosovo precedent would nato need a u. N. Security council backing. Let me stress were not considering a nato role or even a leading nato role in this operation. A number of nato allies are forming a coalition that also includes countries from the region. So, to avoid any misunderstanding, let me stress that we are not in a process of engaging nato as such in military strikes against isis. I pointed out that at the summit, we mentioned three possibles of a nato involvement. Firstly, defense Capacity Building in iraq. If requested. Secondly, the coordinating role. Thirdly, strengthen cooperation on intelligence and informationsharing among allies to counter foreign fighters. So the rest of it is quite hypothetical because we havent received any request for a nato involvement, but nato allies are involved, and i really welcome that. Peter, you added the question about u. N. Mandate. When individual allies engauge in this, will they need a u. N. Mandate . Im not a legal expert, so i but i see the following. Isis commits horrific atrocities, and i would say, witnessing manslaughter, their attacks against religious and ethnic minorities, in my opinion, its pretty close to genocide. And in my opinion, that gives such a military operation legitimacy within the principles of the u. N. Charter. I say this without being a legal expert. And finally, also consider this a kind of selfdefense which is also committed within the u. N. Charter. So, i would say that, as layman, as a politician, not as a legal expert, as far as i can see, there is a basis in the fundamental u. N. Charter principles, to conduct military operations against isis. We have five minutes left. Let me take two or three for the secretary general. Sir, at the front here. Just come to the microphone, please. Host i work at carn anything gee. My question is, secretary, during your five years, turkey has been involved in afghanistan and in libya, although noncombat mode. Turkey is still weighing decision on Missile Defense, which has been for two years now, and we dont know the answer yet which, of course, very fortunate important to nato Missile Defense. We learned on friday that turkey will not play any role in the military operations against isis. After your five years, what would be your judgment without perhaps going as far as what the what the general said on saturday, turkey has talked a long ago being a friend of the west. Do you see a problem there in the future . Let me take another one. I saw a gentleman the blue shirt right there. I have a question. Given the security volatility in eastern europe, can nato resources be applied to the u. An allies . For example, by deploying nato troops to protect strategic infrastructure in the region. For example, the pipeline. Thank you. Lastly, theres a woman right there. Thank you. My question is that theres some critics, doubts the capacity sorry the able of nato to use its forces in assault. How do you think about this . Also, theres another question. Do you have any detailed plan to rescue the hostage in the region . Thank you. Three very different topics for you, turkey, Energy Security, and the ability to do multiple things at one time. Guest first on turkey, i have to say i consider turkey a strong ally, and on a personal basis, i have had an excellent cooperation with the turkish leadership, since i took office as secretary general. And whenever we have needed contributions to nato operations, turkey has actually engaged and contributed to nato operations. Now, in the case of iraq, first of all, were not speaking about a nato operation, but so far a coalition on the willing. Furthermore, it may play a role that isis has also taken turkish hostages. I dont know. Its for the turkish government to answer that question, but i have to say, seen from my chair, that turkey has played a crucial role within our alliance, and continues to play a crucial role, and overall, i would also have to say, turkey not least because of the radical location, is a very important ally and partner from a Strategic Point of view. And as regards Missile Defense, im sure that the turkish authorities have listened to concerns raised by fellow allies. Next, on energy. First of all, let me stress that natos core task is Territorial Defense of our allies. And as regards pipelines, on allied on allied territory, of course, its part of the Territorial Defense to protect such pipelines and other means of energy supply. But first of all, i think Energy Security is much more about reducing europes dependence on imported gas and oil. It has become evident that theres also an overall security aspect of being so dependent on one single supplier in this case russia and i think thats more the European Union. I think its of utmost importance to increase Energy Security by establishing a wellfunctioning European Energy market with more free flow of energy across borders, so that this single most important supplier cannot blackmail one and single out individual allies, because energy will flow more freely across borders. Alternative pipelines, development of alternative energy sources, all this is part of overall Energy Security, and i think its for the European Union first and foremost to deal with that. Finally, can we actually address security challenges from both the east and south at once and the same time . I think that i answered to that question already at the beginning of this q a, and, yes, we can. We have the capacity to deal with these wideranging threats. It was one of the very important outcomes of the nato summit in wales, that we will not become a one dimensional ally. We do have the capability to deal with more or less conventional threats, both to the east and to the south, as well as addressing newer security challenges like cyberattacks, missile attacks. Thats why at the summit we decided to enhance our cyberdefense. We continue building our Missile Defense system. So i can assure you that the Alliance Stands Ready and capable to address both these and the south and cyberspace, if needed. Let me wrap this onement one last quitter question from a fellow dane. The foreign fairs spokesman for the social democrats. What the most important advice to offer your successor . I think actually the most important advice would be to continue reforming, modernizing, our alliance, and continue strengthening our collective defense, so that nato remains capable to address this broad range of security challenges, and then on top of that, he will need some patience to make sure that he is spent the necessary time and efforts to create consensus among 28 independent nations. But for me, its been a great pleasure. Its been a very positive experience, and while it may take some time to create consensus among 28 nations, once we reach the consensus and there is a very strong consensual spirit in our align once we take a decision, all 28, then it is a very Strong Alliance that moves forward. Thats been a big pleasure for me to see. Thank you. Join me with one more round of applause. Thank you very much, sir. [applause] ive been told to encourage everyone after the event to join us for drinks outside, and down, and that wraps up this one. Four and final for you here at carnegie. Thank you very much. [inaudible question] [inaudible conversations] defense secretary chuck haigle and the chairman of the joint chiefs, general martin dempsey, will testify about u. S. Strategy to combat the militant group isis. Well have live coverage from the Senate Armed Services committee on cspan3. And later in the day, a look at the International Response to the Ebola Outbreak in west africa. Witnesses include the head thief National Institute of allergy and Infectious Diseases and Health Workers who treated people infected with the virus. This joint Senate HealthCommittee Hearing is live at 2 30, also on cspan3. Two soldiers who served in vietnam, one still living and one killed in action, received a medal or honor during a white house ceremony today. Thats next on cspan2. Later, remarks from Homeland Security secretary jay jeh johnson. The 2015 student video cam competition is underway. Owl of. Awarded the medal of hon to donald sloat and adkins, who both served in the vietnam war. This is 25 minute. S. Ladies and gentlemen, the president of the ute. Let us play. We pray today to remind us of the value of sacrifice. How hero, the title, is a price paid by soldiers, like the two to be honored today. First remembered by persistence to defend his brothers, to never accept defeat, and to never quit. One who stays alive for his friends by selfishly and respectively giving up his own. These brave men, living and dead, consecrate our history and our faith, courage of our soldiers, significance of our sacredness of our values, strength of our nation. Today we weave their actions into the fabric of our history as the served in the jungles. We, who are the living, never forget what they did, the friends they lost, the may we take to heart the words spoken by a grieving president , it is for us, the living, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought have so nobly advanced, god of redemption and grace, we ask you to grant these in holy name, amen. Amen. Please be seated. Good afternoon and welcome to the white house. More than four decades ago, in early 1970, an american squad in vietnam set out on patrol. They marched down a trail, past a rice paddy. Shots rang out and splintered the bamboo above their heads. The lead soldier tripped a wire. A booby trap. A grenade rolled toward the feet of a 20yearold machine gunner. The pin was pulled. And that grenade would explode at any moment. A few years earlier on the other side of the country, deep in the jungle, a small group of americans were crouched on top of a small hill. And it was dark, and they were exhausted, and the enemy had been pursuing them for days, and now they were surrounded, and the enemy was closing in on all sides. Two discreet moments, but today we honor two american soldiers for gallant triabove and beyond the call of duty at each of those moments. Specialist donald sloat, who stood above that grenade. And command Sergeant MajorBennie Adkins, who fought through a ferocious battle and found himself on that jungle hill. Nearly half a century after their acts of valor, a grateful nation bestows upon these men the highest military decoration, the medal of honor. Normally this medal must be awarded within a few years of the action, but sometimes even the most extraordinary stories can get lost in fog of war or the passage of time. When new evidence comes to light, certain actions can be reconsidered for this honor and it is entirely right and proper that we have done so and that is why we are here today. Then he decided to join the army but when he went to enlist he didnt pass his physical because of high Blood Pressure said he tried again and again, and again. In all it took a physical maybe seven times until he passed. Because don sub i was determined to serve his country. In vietnam became known as one of they liked and most are siebel likeable guys