Either just trying to hire the next engineer or highskilled immigrants or to a laptop give away. We have actually built a Strong Coalition of some of the Top Tech Companies thinking longterm investing in Elementary School education which will not pay them back dividends but the country. To give you a sense, we may be one of the only non profits, collectively participating not on small levels delivering video lectures. These are all longterm investments in changing the system. These Companies Want to form a Publicprivate Partnership to bring Computer Science to all of american schools. Thank you, and i yield back my time. You did not have any time. So i would like to thank all of the witnesses. And also, we did not talk about it much today, but i think that the retention issue of students that do initially go into s. T. E. M. Is a big deal. I am a big glad well fan. In his most recent book he talks about the fact that the mismatch between the student and a school, which school that they choose is important in that area if the student chooses a school that does not match them challenge lies or otherwise they have a tendency to drop out and feel like they cannot compete. So that is a big problem. I would like to thank the witnesses, the members of the committee may have additional questions. We will ask you to respond in writing. The witnesses are excused from this part of our hearing. We will take a short break. Everyone that can stay seated, please do because we will try to transition as quickly as possible to the next hearing. Thank you very much. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] all right. We are glad to begin our second panel. A cspan2 can be seated we will proceed. This is going to be a fascinating part of the hearing because we will hear from those who s. T. E. M. Education is most important, the students. Thank you for being here. May not have been easy to get permission from the parents and teachers to come, but when you told them their work of your going to testify in front of congress to give you a little latitude. Not every program gets every student excited, we are interested in learning from your experiences and perspectives, whether it has been f. I. R. S. T. , code. Org, or something else. Our first witness for our second panel, in 12th grade at south River Highschool in edge water maryland. It into of grade in virginia. Our third witness, an 11th grader at George Mason High School in falls church, virginia. Our final witness is in the 12th grade at Eleanor Roosevelt high school in greenbelt, maryland. Our witnesses and no that spoken testimony is limited to five minutes after was the members of the committee will have five minutes east as questions. Just money will be included in the record of the hearing. I now recognize our first witness, ms. Ellana crew, for testimony. Welcome. Thank you, chairman and a highranking member and members of the committee. I am different than most of the other kids here for two reasons, one being and legally blind cannot fully blind but not fully cited, caught in the middle definitely has changed a lot and encourage lots of things for me just being a partner of f. I. R. S. T. I have never been able to play sports. An immediate target for dodge paul. They went out of their way to try. All is the first one out. Games were hard. And lots of other activities were difficult. I first heard about f. I. R. S. T. Through a friend of mine who was on the team. Her sister was as well. They have been doing it for awhile. The way she talked about it seemed like it is a great atmosphere and a good opportunity. I applied for it next year and got in on the business side. Once i was in after a while i just got adjusted. Ec all kinds of things. It is interesting to see. These robots are cool. But theyre is a place for everybody. I did not have to worry about being judged. I did not have to worry about whether or not i could do it. I could not working correctly. I could not see well enough to do that. You can certainly be involved. When you watch it happen it is very cool. That is all i have to say. Thank you very much. A fascinating perspective that you do not have to be interested in the fields to benefit from education and what it can offer students in all areas of whatever their interests are. I now recognize our next witness, mr. More. It. Good morning, mr. Chairman, ranking members of the committee. I am a veteran first member with my involvement spanning seven years and several programs such as fln frc. An integral part of my development as a person, student, and aspiring engineer and has challenged and trained me in ways normal classrooms cooling never has. Because of that i feel more prepared to face the challenges and obstacles of the real world than i ever imagined i would. My involvement dates back to seventh grade. My friends and i decided to give robotic to try. And while i originally thought of the program only as games were entertainment combines and realized it was so much more. It is not about the competition but the life and learning experiences of being on 18, working with technology, solving problems, and inspiring others to do the same. This is what got me hooked, competing, learning, and having fun of the same time. I could not say what my favorite part is. There is so much a have enjoyed. I had the chance to work on longterm projects, seen them go from the drawing board to physical, finished projects which is my favorite part of engineering, learned in valuable Technical Skills as well as how to manage and leave large groups. The community puts the program above any individual go or interest and is overwhelmingly hope unsupportive thanks to the principle of creches professionalism. The outpouring of passion and enthusiasm is really refreshing and watching that enthusiasm of so many young people for science and Technology Gives me hope for the future. F. I. R. S. T. Helped discover my passion for engineering command because of f. I. R. S. T. I can definitively state and want to pursue Electrical Engineering and Computer Science as a career have applied to several top engineering schools in virginia and the nation and hope my experience with f. I. R. S. T. Will give me an edge up in admissions no matter what university i end up that i am sure the skills ive learned at f. I. R. S. T. Will serve me well in my studies and beyond. Thank you very much. I am sure that they will. I now recognize mr. Daniel nette for his testimony. Thank you, members of the committee. I first learned about f. I. R. S. T. For my older brother who was a Founding Member of team 1418 at my school in 2004 making this hour to end the year. He currently serves as the director for a tournament held at our local metals cool. Like many of my science and mathematics class as a f. I. R. S. T. Prize their paternity to apply hands on solutions to real challenges. As we complete the challenge we learned hon. Skills like team building, communication, and the four elements. Through the program will find my ability to seek my own solutions to problems and develop my own desire to learn. Working with robots has helped me learn about the idea of development, Material Properties , nematic metalworking and motors by applying concepts island of a class from june are reallife problem. F. I. R. S. T. Is gives us the challenge and then we go through the process of brainstorming, designing, prototyping, building and, of course, rebuilding multiple times until a working solution is achieved. In addition to the process is the pressure of a 6week kind time constraint. I never encountered these deadlines and utilize these problemsolving skills and my future career. Many students involved in the Program Experience for the first time the importance of interaction and communication with the bills such as mentors and judges. While that was not a problem so much for me because of my experiences in becoming an eagle scout and discover the power to spread their ideas have a conversation last year with a family friend who became interested in the program. She invested on a kid and took it on a mission trip to the school in rwanda so that the students could begin to learn about robotics. She has now gone on to serve as a judge and hopes to become a mentor in the near future. As a student and had an interest in mathematics and science, but it was not until the last few years i realized i would like to pursue a career and s. T. E. M. I have gone to Virginia Tech and hope to work with robots to solve challenges. Excellent. Thank you very much. Now recognize our final witness. Thank you, chairman, ranking member, other members for being here. It attend Eleanor Roosevelt high school in the 12th grade. A significant number of students and my experience with f. I. R. S. T. As i started in the seventh grade. And digest have decided, by fellow students touched very well on the educational aspects and values. I would like to talk about my personal story. And i describe it in three ways, spirited, challenging, fun. I am basketball fan, a tennis fan, football fan, so i love hearing everyone talk about that but for me it has been spirited and different than any other educational activity i have been too, the subculture behind it. It the guy who comes up with the challenges behind it, all of the mentors to do it, they are the people who are my role models with respect to engineering which i think is unique to f. I. R. S. T. And in general to these kind of activities. So i think that to f. I. R. S. T. , the challenge that is before me pushed me to engage these s. T. E. M. Feels differently and more thoroughly than anything i have ever done in class. I have done all these glasses and got the grades, but being in f. I. R. S. T. , i cannot stand the best in my club because i am not i have gotten better grades, but he beats mitt being an engineer. In challenging me it has been unique and different in valuable finally it has been fun. We all alluded to our being fun is critical to engaging students. And frc has done that. In f. I. R. S. T. Programs have done that. Importantly the fact that we get to interact with professional mentors has made a huge difference. I work with mr. Healy, who is here with me today. These people have become role models and pursuing an engineering career and giving back to the community. Frc has made a personal change. I would like to tell a short story about how i have come to appreciate f. I. R. S. T. More. Went to japan on a trip to present research. At that conference for Highschool Students it was there is something called World PremiereResearch Institutes model of american universities to his. The same thing as japan to try and replicate what we do. Theyre asking me what you guys do in school . What is it that you do that allows you to do such Good Research . We were presenting unique research at japanese Highschool Students were not capable of doing out for lack of intelligence but facilities and support. What i tell them about f. I. R. S. T. And what we did and how we manage a 25,000 budgets, students build these robots, there were absolutely flabbergasted. Top scientists saying, kids can do that . But the point was that it allowed me to appreciate f. I. R. S. T. And the programs that these unique private sector programs are engaging in. All of our students learn coating through the academy and these websites which is opening up new avenues. Hopefully three things would be teacher support to. It is difficult and high School Ticket teachers to support programs. And he designed a new sponsor this year. It was hard. I have so much work in terms of testing or whenever it is that there were not able to be sponsors or whenever. Hopefully some way teachers can be more focused or allowed to sponsor these kind of private sector s. T. E. M. Programs because it all starts with the school. Internships and stuff like that, realworld experience, practical experience is critical. And i think that up here it comes back to college of nations. That is an important aspect to this s. T. E. M. Engagement for students. Yes. On a personal note i plan to major in biomedical or Electrical Engineering when i get to college. I dont know where yet. Thank you. Later today book tv is live at politics and prose in washington for the kingdom of ice which recounts the u. S. Naval expedition to the north pole in 1879. That gets under way live here on cspan2 book tv at 7 00 p. M. Eastern. Join us tonight from more book tv primetime programming. Living in the tech h. Even though Drug Development is very High Technology coming it is really not giving as the medicines that we need a. Last year only 27 new drugs were approved. Twentyseven. All diseases, not just cancer. The Business Model of the Farmer Companies is not hard to understand spirited it is basically the same one used by hollywood. They go out and find interesting projects, bring them in house, polished and, get them through sensors, the fda in that Drug Development and then they are marketing and advertising works to deliver it to the public. It is long and risky and expensive, which is why, like hollywood, Drug Companies used to seek blockbusters. When you think about it, targeted madisons are more like those little independent art films, not a big audience. The problem is, it costs the same amount of money. So if you are making a targeted drug for cancer the result is it ends up being phenomenally expensive. The more expensive it is now harder it is to Insurance Companies to pay for it or for an individual to pay for it so that that madison in is up helping fewer people. It. Here are some of the highlights for this weekend. Friday on cspan and primetime important science in the history of the civilrights movement. Saturday night at 8 00 highlights from this years new York Ideas Forum including cancer biologist andrew hasselhoff. On sunday q a with new york congressman Charlie Rangel and 8 00 p. M. Eastern. A fight in 98 00 in depth with writer and religious scholar. Saturday at 10 00 retired neurosurgeon and columnist in carson. Sunday night at 11 00 p. M. Eastern Lawrence Goldstein on the competition between the right brothers and glenn curtis to be the predominant name in manned flight. American history tv on friday at 8 00 eastern. I look at the Hollywood Park trail of slavery. The 200th anniversary of the battle a blaze byrd in the burning of washington. Sunday night at 8 00 p. M. Former white house chiefs of staff discuss how president s make decisions. Finer Television Schedule one week in advance at cspan. Org and let us know what you think about the programs are watching. , less, and email us. It joined the cspan conversation, like us on facebook, follow us on twitter. In october, 2013, the u. S. Supreme court heard oral arguments in the case of mccutcheon v. Federal Election Commission. The case dealt with Campaign Financing laws. Next, the hourlong oral argument. First, some background on the issues involved. Next up is oral argument in the case mccutcheon v. Fec. This bill with a wealthy republican donor in alabama who challenged overall domestic political contributions. Joining us is Legal Correspondent mike doyle. But will be here . We will hear the conflict between free speech and efforts to and political corruption. The fec stands for the federal Election Commission which implemented the rules following Campaign Finance reform laws passed in the 1970s imposing several types of limits. One is on what you could give to candidates, and the other which in this case is the aggregate limit, the total amount you can get across all candid its. This donor in alabama wanted to give to a number of campaigns thats right. And under the aggregate limit formula he can only give a total of about 48,000 to all federal candid its. He said that by its his ability to speak politically. He said the First Amendment is designed to guarantee free speech and freedom of association, and that was constrained by the aggregate limit. Was this seen as a followon case for the Citizens United case. Very much so in the sense that this conservative court under chief Justice Roberts and his republican appointee colleagues have been very skeptical of limits on campaign speech. They dismantled the Citizens United case rules that restricted what corporations and labor unions could get. This was, all the different roles were at stake, very much in keeping with the theme of what can be limited and wants to of what must be allowed. Lets hear it. Oral arguments in the case of mccutcheon v. Fec. We will hear arguments first this morning in case 12536 mccutcheon v. Federal Election Commission. Ms. Murphy. Mr. Chief justice, and may it please the court, aggregate contribution limits as an impermissible attempt to it limit the individuals participation. They prohibit contributions that are within the base on which congress has already imposed to combat the reality or appearance of corruption is simply preventing individuals from engaging in too much First Amendment activity. These cannot be justified. T