It is way more than that. Comcast is part of the 1000 committee centers to create wifi enabled so students from low income families can get the tools they need to get you ready for anything. Comcast support cspan as a Public Service ang with these other television providers. Giving you a front receipt to democracy. Next a discussion on Nuclear Deterrence featuring colonel Alexander Rasmussen of the Space Development he also talks about Missile Defense capabilities and innovation this is about an hour. Is urgent we look at deterrence and a broader lens. And again looking at Strategic Deterrence of which nuclear is a key foundation. But the reasonon we need to look at this more broadly is we are facing new threats. New threats of escalation. New domains that can lead to rapid inadvertent escalation in the competition conflict with china and russia. Such as space, cyber. We had adversaries that might be willing to take more risk. And we have got Strategic Systems that are not vulnerable for example in space. And again that could lead to miscalculation a rapid escalation Nuclear Weapons use. And so to deal with these new threats we need to think about innovation in terms of concepts and technologies. This is why i am really excited having our panelists this morning to discuss those issues, implementations and the challenges andt opportunities ahead. We are first going to hear from professor andrew ross who is currently the department of International Affairs of texas a m university. Also appointed International Policy studies old joint appointment with that National Labs he leads the director strategic resilience initiative. Looking at new concepts to make it more resilience. We also have colonel alexander thank you for joining us. He is the chief of the tracking layer at the Space Development agency which was established in 2019 to leverage orbit architecture to increase resilience of our Space Architectures. This is a fundamental shift. Not only in terms of increasing resilience of space satellites more numerous than launch more often. It reflects a new concept for acquisition within the department of defense for more rapid acquisition and so looking forward to hearing and the importance of how that is enhancing deterrence. We are also very lucky to have Steve Rodriguez join us today. Hees gives a very unique perspective from his understanding and deep engagement with the private sector, commercial startups and Venture Capital. He is currently a Senior Advisor of the atlantic for strategy and security. He founded one defense which is that novel Advisory Firm that leverages Machine Learning to identify advanced software and hardware commercial capabilities and accelerate their transition to benefit defense. He was recently the study director for the commission on Defense Innovation adoption. It was in the Atlantic Council which was cochaired by former secretary of defense mark esper, air force secretary deborah james. Itse really a seminole report that just came out two weeks ago on looking at how duty can improve leveraging commercial capability and innovation. Three different aspects of urgent priorities to enhance Strategic Deterrence. So let me turn to andy to kick it off thank you. Arrigo, it works. Good morning everyone. But its great to be here. Thank you for thero intro. Im going to talk about a program that i have been engaged in the inspiration for the semi manager jon scott with a theoretical design is actually the real lead for ds ri. I am privileged to have the opportunity to work on the policy and strategy say but theres also the technical side for this. But think the panel for being resilient this morning and responding to changes. The real person who deserves and should be thanked in her acknowledgment and her resilience acknowledged is nancy berlin. Where is nancy . [applause] rambling this morning to make this with general cottons prompt. To make all this work this morning for everybody. Her first email came through at 5 43 a. M. I did not see it at 5 43 a. M. I saw before six. Its really nancy who should be acknowledged when it comes to resilience. We are going to provide a quick everything is going to be kind of quick. I think are getting eight 10 10minute thing is pretty quick here. We will provide a quick overview of what dsr i is all about. What we have been doing on the policy and strategy side. We will give you a flavor of the kind of workshops we have put together. And Leonor Tomero should be credited here shes part and participating in all but one workshop so far but weve gotot her again in march for our next workshop. And so sheta could give this tak probably. An overview im going to talk about what resilience means. Resilience has been used virtually every day here not virtually, and has been used every day here. Bite virtually every speaker. Marv adams my old buddy even included it in the mission provided resilience and responsive Nuclear Security enterprise. And very much to accept some of the things we have been working on. We use the term a lot of the documents and the National Security strategy its in the National Defense strategies in the National Military strategy. The Previous Administration uses that occasionally as well. Until recently no one is trying to tell us what it means. We have tried to define it. And identify dimensions. So well lay that out for you very quickly. And then im going to turn to other work that i have done it prior to my time at the lab. And how to think about innovation because that is the heart of what our panel is about. Talk about what we have done in the Nuclear Business on that front and where we are now especially with the program of record, okay . Wellll first, go back to that o. All right, policy strategy said the emphasis has been on identifying the potential geopolitical and technological shocks and trends that might undermine the u. S. Deterrent. This is the wyatt resilience part of it, right . And push beyond cold war thinking on deterrence. We have gotten the same kind of bush weve gotten that push from strep, for instance. Former commander we need to revisit or rework deterrence theoretically. I think you went a little bit too far weal need to figure howo apply it in the situation. We are engaging a very wide community. Practitioners obviously but think tanks, academics, technical experts at the lab and elsewhere. Thin trying to bridge the gap between the policy and technical communities. We are disseminating our findings through greetings like this. There we go. All right, so, our work on apology strategy has been focused on a series of workshops. We have done for so far im not going to go through every single one of these. Focusing on the role of Nuclear Weapons and u. S. Strategy, strategic ability, management, to what escalation management focused on capabilities and metrics the next one coming up is on the future of arms control. So why resilience . We alluded to this earlier. When you get the slide should up the full deck. This is not even a quarter of it. But, why resilience . This is just the highlights of what we have been dealing with. The changes. In some geopolitical shocks that we have been dealing with since the end of the cold war. Thisg is not going to end. The mostt recent one which is a new addition to this list what we are seeing in the middle east today is result in response to october 7 but israel had to deal with the assault from hamas and the response. An vertical and horizontal arguably. And has direct implications for the united states. And so what is resilience . I am older than some of the folks around here but when i first heard what is resilience . I thought back to the old timex add. It takes a licking and keeps on ticking, right . That is resilience. We actually had in the National Defense strategy in 2022 a definition provided the ability to fight through and respond to disruption. You also think about resilience is the ability to absorb unpredictable threats and shocks we like to predict things or attempt to predict things but we are not very good nobody predicted. Nobody predicted 911. Nobody predicted the end of the cold war. All of these geopolitical shocks. They were unexpected we need to build resilience to withstand these kinds of challenges. Her kickoff emphasized we need to be thinking about Strategic Deterrence across the board. Multi domain. Nuclear focus but it is not solely focused on nuclear just like our pane isnt. Need to be thinking about conventional Strategic Deterrence. And space and cyber at the least. In addition to identify what resilience is we have identified dimensions. The list keeps growing its two pages on the slides and i will not walk you through every single one of these but you see the kinds of things we are thinking about. We keep adding to the dimenons we have gone through our workshops. Resome of these are sort of obvious, national, political, strategic, deterrence, strategic ability. Butts, attempting to identify or describe what these things actually need is the second one. Escalation management is something we spent two workshops quite a bit of time on. It is hard to get people focused on capabilities for escalation management as opposed to capabilities for doing escalation management because isnot the same thing. Our next workshop is going to be on arms control we had an hour hereur with this conference were going to be doing nearly two days worth of thinking about arms control and bringing people together. Initially i would not have included alliance resilience as a result of our workshop on strategic ability. That made it to theo list organizational operational, tactical. Given all the emphasis on pit production i should have picked resilience appeared to. Just a few words about the topics we havee covered thus far we kicked this off asking what role for Nuclear Weapons in u. S. Strategy . By strategy we met National Security strategy, defense ande military all of the levels of strategy. You can take it down into operations ass well. But what we have emphasizes different schools of thought. Df thought on the role of Nuclear Weapons and strategy. Different schools of thought for strategic stability. And for escalation management. We have always developed concept papers. I wrote the first one. My colleague at texas a m Jason Castillo to the next two on strategic stability and escalation management. I will be doing a fourth one on armscontrol. We have always emphasized and weve alwaysemphasized trad. Weve emphasized this is a tough problem. Its not clear how we do escalation management. Punishment, denial, give us different answers and theres tensions among those answers and part of what we are trying to do is sort that out and identify what might be more helpful. The problem is a lot of denial and damage limitation tell us to try to do involve involve running and one of the challenges in this business, the Nuclear Business is we have no imperical data and that increases the challenge because you arere reduced, we have to ry on theoretical arguments about what needs to be done and escalation management and different approaches. I know im talking too long. Thats the professor in me. This is very simple, we are usually preoccupy odd with the top of this, right, with technology. Ai these days, hypersonics. Whats the next big thing when it comes to innovation, no less important for doctrine and organization. Sustaining innovation, thats routine. Most of what we see in the defense business sustaining modernizing in the Nuclear Business. Program of record. People are talking about when they talk about the next big thing. Architectural innovation. Thats organizational is what they want. We got big chunks of it. Wehu are still talking about dog transformation. Revolution is one of them. That was really what its built on. All of that continues the Nuclear Revolution and architectural breakthroughs and the energy commission. The final level, massive retaliation, textbook response. Deterrence, thats innovation. Sustaining innovation, is that enough given what some of our adversaries are up to . Im not going to walkthrough all of this but recognizing that we have incredible capabilities that we have drawn on in the past and we need to harness that in the future and the defense business specifically, more generally the Defense Innovation system. In the Previous Panel we talked about emdi and the partners of that enterprise. Nuclearpl enterprise with the capability of taking on the order of the Manhattan Project and this isnt up there but in the timeline of the Manhattan Project. Thats demanding. Theres more slides but im done. [laughter] [applause] i also want to thank nancy as we had 6 00 a. M. Call to how the navigate the schedule for me meeting Space Operations and not breaking traffic when i was coming to 66 to get here in time. At least dont tell anybody. Excited to be here from the Space Development agency. I want to highlight our model on the lower left of that flight. The most important thing we can do for war fighters and our nation. We are constructive disruptor on how we are going about Tech Development and delivery. We will talk a little bit more about that. Thee focus of the war fighters architecture to identify worldwide and track them worldwide and get that information anywhere in the world to terrestrial commanders for them to take the actions against the enemy or against the threat. So thats our focus. Identifying threats, advanced threats, hypersonic, advanced missiles and getting that information anywhere in the world for commanders to respond. Well we are launching a proliferated conflict covering a lot of resiliency. A couple of things i will highlight the layer, it has the mesh network. Law latency anywhere in the world and a lot of what we have seen in the commercial sector. Thats what im the chief of. See targets anywhere in the world and getet data anywhere to anyone at any time to take action on contact. We will talk the a little bit more about that. Sorry, we have disruption here. Moving on we have a navigation letter thats supporting war fighters. Upload applications and distribute data. Might even be buzz words to some, we absolutely embrace it. We want to launch new capabilities. We call the war Fighter Council with the services we look at what can we do in the next satellite if we can get it in, we do, if we cant, we only have to wait two more years. Its a twoyear decision. Really able to take advantage of new tech coming online or respond to threats and provide what is needed for combat commanders worldwide. Youll see the transport satellite. So that consistent demand, consistent competition is enabling us to drive down cost as well. So our Business Model is element which i just went about that is opportunistic and responsive. We have a competitive marketplace. We every tranche we want to have newer entrance if we can. , every tranche, transport laye . Is anun opportunity for Business Partner to join in the war Space Architecture if someone loses out on tracking or transferring the tranche, they are able to compete in thee next tranche. We dont get into someone having locked down for years or decade at a time the. Great opportunity for more competition and new entrance. We alsoo work on inoperability. Sost using oct on orbits. Thats the backbone of our data decimation. Our partners can plug in super nova and distribute all the data and lastly we focus on affordability. We really live that so that we can deliver to the war fighters and beiv good stewards taxpayer money. This is highlevel schedule and how we work. What youll see there we are always in the requirement phase, always something on orbit to provide capability and that drives the development so in the goal there youll see our ground operations and integrations, we have to have the ground in place before the satellite, very much focused on that and we also have the management layer which will have the application so we can upload apps and take advantage of the processing on orbit. We will start tranche 4 and start responsibly orbiting previous tranches. We will see that that line of how many satellites. That is providing the backbone anywhere in the world to allies as well. That means we will have at least two satellites, maybe 3 or 4 depending where they are at the world to really give us really high targeting data to provide to our partners like nda and other and range. We also are accelerating what we callat Missile Defense capabili, works tightly with nda to get that tech, that capability across depth. We are working with nda to provide and we have a couple of different designs leveraging what nda has done and we are looking forward to a couple of weeks tranche zero launch, they launch with satellite thes, we will have a Good Opportunity there the to collaborate on the ground and on orbit. Working together