Transcripts For CSPAN2 Summit On Human Exploration Of Mars 20170815

Organization explore mars. I knew you could make it. Close enough. We would really have overshot. I will go ahead and announce the next speaker because i dont want to eat into that time. Jim green has asked me to be really short in introductions for him. James greens director of Planetary Science and i think that is saying a lot, since 1979. We have a wonderful international panel, the first one is said of the mars Strategic Planning team. And journey to be sustainable, and also the cofounder. And making Science Technology accessible to our youth in that area and quite successful. [applause] next is chinshareoh, Human Spaceflight Technology director in japan. He received his degree in the Space Systems Engineering Design of an intelligent controller. Or an autonomous working robot under microgravity environment. In charge of the japanese human and nonhuman in the design of Space Systems to the moon and mars. Our third panel member this morning, from the space corporation. Carlo hold a degree in physics from the university of genoa. He specialized, he is the Design Authority of the robotics exploration product line and head, and science and exploration activities. [applause] how we have organized, will provide a broad overview of activities relative to the science the rest. And the International Program that is developing, this is an exciting time, mars for many years, and what we have seen over the last several years, and the Indian Space Research Organizations Mission but new plans that will make this decade really exciting from an international perspective. Mars today, our Science Missions have shown in this overview what the plans are, a significant number of orbiters, the Mars Odyssey Mission from nasa, the mars express, nasas mars reconnaissance orbiter. Maven orbiter. Is rows mob orbiter. On the surface we have two rovers operating quite well, what is opportunity, and and sitting in gail crater. It landed in 2012, continuing to make some spectacular measurements heading up mount sharp. In 2018 in may of next year nasa will be launching the insight mission. This is not a rover but a platform. It will sit in a location a few degrees north, and measurements drilling into the surface. It will plopped down onto the surface, seismic instrument, the seismic instrument is the most sensitive seismic instrument ever, it will detect what we believe our natural mars quakes but impacts occurring on a regular basis based on media rights coming into the Martian Atmosphere all the time. And unlock the material to understand much more about it, the structure of the mars but potentially how those resources can be used for human exploration. The 2020 opportunity that begins in july, a huge array of missions, it is like highway to mars opens up and that highway is going to be packed, if we stop at the top of this opportunity for the space x launch of a red dragon. And those were announced by space x. Nasa will be launching the mars 2020 rover, there are three sites in contention to this. And they are areas we consider on the shoreline of an ancient ocean from mars, but gustav crater where we believe there has been water hot springs in thermal activity, deep in its path, we have to down select from those three coming up soon. In addition to that in 2020 nasa will launch esa will launch its xo mars rover spectacular rover and indeed will launch a number of measurements, a small portion of one instrument on that mission. China has also announced it is launching an orbiter and a platform which will land and have a rover move out and begin to interrogate the surface. The uae has announced their hope mission which will be an orbiter, making measurements of solar wind interactions with Martian Atmosphere and lots of aspects of mars from remotesensing instruments. What a spectacular opening of the highway and what will be happening. Then, as we move into that decade, 2024, jacks a jaxa announced the martian moon exploration mission, this mission is designed to interrogate the two moons of mars, the most and the most h phobos and deimos. They are the space station of mars. Later on in the decade, there are plans and discussions about bringing samples back from potentially the samples that are brought by 2020 but also in china, they stated they underestimated the sample return. There is a brief scientific overview of what is happening not only in the near future but as we begin the next exciting decade of science exploration of mars. Exploring mars is not star trek, not go where no human has gone before. It is the pioneering effort of the Science Missions that are being laid out and being executed by many countries now that are going to be critical laying the foundation for human exploration. With that, let me turn it over to side to talk about uaes activity. We believe that as jim said we are at the cusp of a new age of exploration, a new space race that affect literally every human on earth. You can say that we believe as well that in order for us to move into the future and embrace the opportunities and challengess of the future, Space Exploration in the uae. Our goal is to elaborate and contribute to humanitys efforts. I am supposed to have a clicker. Lets move to the next slide. You forgot to mention the Program Director of the new program of the mars 2117 program. Move to the next slide. Our vision is quite simple. We would want to enable the uae to contribute to humanitys efforts, travel and interplanetary living and so on. How we might achieve that is by establishing a lasting colony on mars by 2117 with international collaboration. The pillars of this program are education. We want to embed the culture of discovery, exploration and the next generation and generations to come and focus on research and development and contribute to the global efforts of colonizing the red planet and other bodies in our solar system as well as collaborate, build lasting collaborations with individuals, with space agencies, an important filler. We want the youths to play an active rolefor questions. Thank you. [applause] okay. Lets now switch. Thank you. First of all, i would like to say and you very much to give me a chance, right chance to introduce our work. Very much, exploration scenario. We made the integrated Space Exploration scenario, we have just finished the cycle for integrated exploration scenario and design so this picture is integrated, as you can see on the upper left side, we put on an example of this exploration. This scenario, not only a science point we put on a future human exploration mission. This integrated scenario, in that area. The final goal is how do i say the most important point, the Mission Requirement to, how do i say demonstration of tuna to be a convenient way to the mars mission like now. And effective ability. This integrated scenario is a big picture. So we, jaxa, it is very important for the affordability. And the next step is and a step on the topic of the moon, and cooperate with the feasible study of International Partners so the original mission is a show on all sides. Lets talk about the topic of the moon, where we find this on the topic of the moon, for the few. The one idea, ideas to make much more human to mars mission to be much more convenient. This is our assumption, the japanese integrated scenario, i am so to introduce much more. [applause] your hand . To show you up, we will talk a little bit about the mission in which i have been involved, the mission is two lunches, what has taken place last year in march, taking a spacecraft to mars together with a lander. Second mission is going in july. You can see this slide, victoria representation, on that launcher. The 2016 lunch, made of two spacecraft that provide also bound to provide the communication this for future assets, to the red planet and the freighter module which we had known was completely successful mission, in october last year and it arrived four kilometers from the march face and the last part of the mission. Because of that population. The second is what was now provided in europe, at least from the part of the interplanetary exploration period. It is also launched on more complex spacecraft which will bring to mars a lander, a big lander containing about 350 kg approximately, the mission of which is to explore the face of search of either extinct the life or current life. The organization, my company, which is an this organization, the major contributors were from the transformative mission. It was built in premises. In the 2020 mission, a major contribution on the design development, for the carrier module, there is a larger contribution to the defense module from russia, international cooperation. And contributes for the guidance and navigation and control of the descent module itself based on the experience we acquired in the 2016 mission. For the uk, a good contribution from the operation center. The 2016 mission, the primary objective for the visibility of an end to the descent landing, two third of the objectives, a very good fitting with our simulation, with the forecast and did a hard landing. That is unfair. Nevertheless, we have an orbiter around mars which is doing pretty well, it is to identify the space capsule as a human with he and she but it is going to afford the longer ill breaking season, doing pretty well but that already provided something to the end, the communication between the straight module, the descent phase. 6 minutes of transmission, full of data for the 2020 mission. The orbiter will provide science contribution, traces of gases in the Martian Atmosphere, which might be an important place of existence, existence of life on mars. The 2020 mission is more complex. The main target of the mission is to find proof of the existence of life on the red planet and for this, there is a very complex which is installed and will provide the experimental and existence of excellent life. The rover is equipped with what will allow it to dig into the the depth of two meters at which it is supposed to be the effect and therefore the possibility to find these things, this will be the right depth to start with. To put the orbiter together with the descent and landing module which was mounted on top of the spacecraft. We see in this picture, the big 2. 2 m antenna. Trace gas orbiter to communicate with the earth. And here, the descent and landing demonstrated module, the famous italian astronomer who was one of the pioneer of the red planet, the 19th century. A picture of the function which was supposed to protect the spacecraft, entering the mars atmosphere. It didnt work. We have to prove the telemetry the lander went perfected and separated correctly at the right time and was alive when the function separated. Here is an overview of the 2020 mission with the composite on the left. The descent module, 100 kg module containing a 150 kg rover and regarding the carrier module which is the first one being manufactured. Now ready for testing. There is no electronic bend on it. Finally, the rover is the focus of this 2020 mission. On the left side, it is deployed and the navigation camera on the right instead, a drying, the model of the analytical, which is the important part from the scientific point. And the system is now in to reno, mounting the qualification model of it. And in fact, this is on the left side of this model, and the representation of the final flight and on the right side detaining the crashing station. Which is being a few years ago, possibly in that. This is it. As far as i can remember, this is it. [applause] this gives us a great opportunity for questions that you may have. Turn up the lights. Delighted to entertain some questions here. Thanks to all of you. I am larry young at mit. There remains interest in treatment of my microgravity and countermeasures from the humans to mars mission and what has been discussed is trying to prove the adequacy of artificial gravity during the interplanetary portion. There has been consideration in japan at jaxa of demonstrating human artificial gravity inside the htv. Tell us where that stands. How do i say . The Development Phase started for htv tests. How do i say . Of course our budget, landing is an important problem. It is to be cheap transfer, how do i say, assuming under the extra access, extra missions, it is not decided yet. We can try to do, how do i say, gravity application for the transfer vehicle. We wish you success. Thank you so much. My question is specifically for the uae. All your success with satellites you have been able to provide such beneficial products for the weather and improving the life of those living in the farmlands and everything. With that comes your Political Support that i presume finances your success now. In regard to that social pressure you are going to feel, how and what do you think will provide leadership of the qualities you mentioned earlier with getting humans to mars . Can you repeat the question . In regard to the social pressure you are going to face because you make products that are great for the average citizen but what does mars have to do with, in regards to the social pressure, what will you provide that niche leadership you mentioned earlier . Very good question and that is the question we will get today even though we hope this week. A lot of people dont understand why they dont get whenever you start to explain what is used today and used in rural areas, comes as a direct spinoff from space, you start getting it and invest more in that. Ultimately once you show them the spinoff and how todays modern society is based on a larger extent, that aspect is not there yet. Once we start, a lot of the effort, essentially in the awareness aspect, for the arab world. To understand the aspect and the impact is sustainable. Focusing on awareness was and still is a big aspect of all of our missions and gradually starting to see, starting to get these chapters of going to mars. One aspect, that is where we got positive feedback, a lot of countries in the region are telling us we commend you, you are at least investing in space and venturing into space, someone has to. The arab world needs a homegrown model of exploration and science and technology. Good luck. I am in new jersey. It is exciting to see a great panel of multinational people coming in from different parts of the world especially from the uae that there is a mars mission coming up. I commend you for your efforts. From one of the questions of the last panel, talk about multilateral work between countries and bilateral work between countries. How has the multilateral work between working with countries to get to mars help you and how do you hope to learn from how do you hope to bring the knowledge you work with in the Current Mission to help other countries with future missions in years to come. Nasa really appreciates its national partners. We contribute to some of their mission this, they contribute to some of our mission this, we are going to continue to do that and grow it, as other nations become partners and the ability to leave lower orbit and go out into the solar system. I understand from the questions here that there is a lot of concern on the scientific exploration of the solar system and if we can get the right support to do that, from people and i think we face one of the important points of human destiny because the human destiny is human destiny, also through explore and to to ride to improve always to improve. Even the final tongue that you have, inside humankind, there is a mix of private investments, to go to mars. To design the future in a way. If i might add. For us, we started our Space Program 15 years, transitioned into manufacturers in the Space Program in suite 10 years. The way we started that phase was nine engineers to south korea and the Knowledge Transfer program and they stayed for almost a decade. And collaborating with universities. And the method, research institutions. For us was very important. Working toward positioning that knowledge to contribute, in Space Exploration. We are seeing a lot of interest in that endeavor. For the greater region from that aspect, i remember when we first announced the mars mission was can we join in and had people from all over social media asking us can we join in, we went to hang up and be a part of the mission. We are seeing the human aspect of mars is creating hope and allowing people to dream big and sort of make sure if you can get to mars you can do anything. I have a question for the xo mars mission, the life detection experiments, the controversy from the viking search experiments and the dilemmas for all three, and one by one with the exception for the release experiments that went away, gil living will tell you he found life on mars was what ended up overruling him, it resonates with all of us and carl sagan said extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence and life must be the explanation of last resort. You are sending a craft certain to search for life, in the same issues, how those experiments will do what viking couldnt do, i am curious how you will do that. Maybe i am not the right person, it goes into the scientific aspect time not to access this. The analytical supposed to perform a series of spectrometer analysis of samples that are taken from the surface or the subsurface of the terrain. And there are three experiments as far as i know, three instruments that are supposed to perform this type of analysis. On board the rover and inside the laboratory, the possibility to do, i think, to take 20 or 25, i dont remember, samples from the ground terrain and subject it to a series of analysis. In a way, we think that this can give a good probability of success and can provide insurance that what we will detect is correct and no false positives and things like that. We think the experiment should avoid the viking mission with the famous experiment gave only one proof of possible life but not the other experiment done by definition. With that we have to end. Very exciting time. Lets take our panel members. [applause] turn it over to artemis westenberg. Your program says there will be a mystery guest from hollywood, regrettably that is not happening. I have something just as good. Gentry mcphee might not have been in movies but she will engage and educate a broad audience which is a good thing. She is director of the exchange that tries to entice, invigorate the hunger for science in kids and many of us. Good morning, everyone. Standing in front of an audience, expecting a hollywood celebrity is Risky Business absolutely. Nonetheless i am pleased to help transition us to a discussion focused on inspiring the martians of tomorrow. Getting humans to mars is a challenging task that requires a clear technical plan and financial and public backing and people to carry out the multiple required missions so we need to cultivate this vision and support and future workforce and motivate a broad audience to actually care about humans going to mars, why we are going, how we are going to get there and what we are going to do to make them feel really involved in the process. Using the film analogy all of you were expecting and possibly disappointed about not having. We want to give people a chance to turn the lights and camera on and have them tell the story of Mars Exploration. Really engaging them and making them part of this human venture. Pleased to let you know about project mars. It is an activity opening later this month. It is a global film and graphic arts competition inviting college and early career professionals to visualize the journey to mars. The activities supported by nasa and several orion and sls partners will remain open for an entire year and accommodate in a screening event at multiple venues in fall of 2018. Getting back to those hollywood films the liberties we will have some key figures from hollywood as judges for our final selection. If you want to know more about this please visit our website, or contact me and encourage worldwide to participate and learn more about our human venture to mars. Exploring mars is likely a longterm human activity spanning multiple generations. We would also like to help our current children to feel part of the human story, to become part of the future mars fairing workforce. We want them to learn about science and engineering and skills required to do those important jobs but also to communicate effectively and think creatively and thus fostering what we have been discussing which is the engagement, innovation and collaboration of what it will take to get to mars. I want to mention we are also developing a second science integrated with technology to inspire and educate children through requiring an option multinational art contest about mars and if youre interested in hearing about more and potentially partnering with us please let me know. As you are about to hear in the next coming sessions, what is important is to engage and educate, that is the future of Mars Exploration and all of us is the important task, working together we can inspire the world about space and get humans to mars. You very much. [applause] i have the great pleasure to announce one of the future generations, if you look at panels so far we are old hands, arent we . To face it in 16 years, i would be 75, im not going to mars however much i would like to go, i wouldnt pick me if i were in charge of picking people, there must be younger, better suited people. The next person must be one of these not just the first flight but later on. And eighthgrader from palm beach gardens, has a passion for space, a passion for cube sets, passion for space policy and public speaking and very happy we have him with today. [applause] thank you. Im excited to be here today to be part of the humans to mars movement. I am looking forward to this great experience and learn from the leading Space Exploration scientists, policymakers and experts from nasa and beyond. As a child growing up during the end of the spatially era, Space Exploration has been fascinating to me. As time progresses it is a necessary part of our existence. I am sure everyone here can agree the traveling to mars is not only something we should do, but something we need to do because we need to make countless scientific advancements and make human colonizing a different planet of future reality. While he may not have been a scientist, leaders of space declaration follow the words of Ralph Waldo Emerson who said do not follow the past may lead. Go instead where there is no past and leave a trail. My generation has the undeniable opportunity to be something larger than ourselves. Larger than our planet, you truly beneficial to the entire human race. To accomplish this goal of humans reaching mars there is an exact guideline to follow, yet one is certain. By combining the creativity, passion, intellect, and experiences of people across all ages and stages of life, success is not a farfetched dream. It can be a certain reality. In the next few minutes i will share this view, why we need to go to mars, my generation will lead the charge to do so and how a Steam Powered curriculum being implemented at my school and many others across the country will give us the skills required to reach the red planet and please excuse the cliche. Go where no man has gone before. Going to space reaps many rewards and some of them may help every day life on earth. Since mars and earth have many similarities it certainly makes sense to explore the distant planet for possible opportunities that could improve our quality of life. With that said, what country is better served to do so than the United States of america, very country that led to the first man on the moon. Scientific research in space has improved life here on earth. The nasa Spinoff Program has brought Great Technology such as leds, artificial limbs, Highway Safety advancements, and best of all, saying. On mars we have the ability to conduct extensive Scientific Research to help us understand how to live on foreign planets and how to better help us live on earth. Scientists think we could look at agriculture on mars to help us farm here on earth. Scientists think also we need to see how different substances will react to the Martian Atmosphere, to better understand the planet from a humans perspective, not just looking at it from a rover. Lastly, by going to mars we are able to explore the planet in a better way and be able to learn more about its creation and our galaxys. Mars will help us to pioneer ways of new technology for the future as well as conducting research to learn from during the present. There is a big possibility there is life on mars. If we find life on mars it will be a colossal discovery. Christopher ng, british astronomer, that you cannot rule out the fact that a mars rock with life and it landed on the earth kicked off terrestrial life. You can only test that by finding life on mars. Nasas number one scientific goal on mars is to determine if there is life on the planet. If we find life on mars, it may not be like the aliens in star wars or star trek but will be a monumental discovery in exploring our universe. Lastly, going to mars will allow us to colonize another planet. This is so important as elon musk, stephen hawking, bill knight and many more ingenious people have said going to mars is not an option but a necessity. Colonizing mars will help ensure the survival of the human race in a number of ways, not only would it help us explore the planet in entirely different ways but would also give us advantages economically and politically is we gain important resources off of the planet. On top of that this allows us to have a jumping off point for future Space Missions to go even deeper into space. Exploring mars is something we cant wait to do because if we dont take the initiative, other countries will. This generation is so pivotal to the future of this country but also going to mars. Mars is something we cant wait to explore, something that i believe makes us human, is our curiosity. Our goal to explore the unexplored. This curiosity can be seen in my generation. As it follows the steam methods to investigate science, to make sure we go to mars, my generation does not only need to ask the important scientific questions but also to advocate to congress for more funding for Mars Exploration. My generation continues to work with the steam curriculum and this is very important when trying to go to mars. I experienced this firsthand every day at my school. The school does great with science fairs but we go beyond that. We had a wind tunnel, we conduct tethered and highaltitude balloon flights. With science fairs but we go beyond that. We have a wind tunnel, we conduct High Altitude balloon stat fights, we utilize the global Start Network and we learn orbital mechanics in our aerospace classes. At my school we started a cube step program in 2013, and in february we learned we were the only k through eight grade school selected through nasas cubes data launch initiative for a launch in 2018. As a part of the program, we will launch our cubes that into space. Aside this, we get handson experiences with experts in the field of science by engaging with and learning from institutions such as the Scripts Research institute and the university of florida. Also, we compete in many competitions that are not only for middle schoolers but also for High School Students. These competitions include, but are not limited to, the National Space society, space settlement competition, army corps of Engineering High School competition, and the explore vision competition. We hope to lead the way to a more thinking approach to better prepare this generation for the to pursue these goals all of our future missions will be driven by rigorous scientific questions that will continuously evolve as we make new discoveries. Brandnew technologies willuo enable us to explore mars in ways we never have before. Resulting in higher resolution images, precision landings, longer ranging mobility and even the return of martian soil and rock samples for studies in laboratories here on earth. In order for this mission to be a success, we as a country need to come together and realize that going to mars benefits us all through improving civilization, great scientific i advancements and new technology. By the end of this week it will have been reinforced by the many inspiring people in this room that it is imperative why we export market. Now it is up to us to pass that knowledge onto our leaders and hope they will listen. Thank you. [applause] okay, that was inspirational and to inspire you even more three things. One, there is the locate martian experience bus. Exit the building, go left, left again and its the hide the building. You will it. Great. Then in the basement you can experience virtual mars aerojeti rocketdyne i think. Chris, who is the virtual [inaudible] and then there is the ability to suit up for the occasion in the tshirt by Aerojet Rocketdyne. Also Aerojet Rocketdyne so you have your pick. The next panel is again about invigorating our youth, invigorating our society. The moderator of the panel is lance bush, president and ceo of the Challenger Center, the educational nonprofithallen organization created as a living tribute to the Seven Members lost in the challenger shuttle tragedy. There are 43 Challenger Centers at the moment, and engage students in dynamic, handson experiences to strengthen their knowledge and, of course, to pique their interest and keep their interest aimed at pi stealing. Their interest aimed at team. I wont use more time because i dont want to eat into the panel. Lance and your ladies, because there are three ladies in his panel, please, come up. [applause] this is always tough to follow the best speaker of the day. [cheering] my deep apologies to my other friends but, you know, this panel appropriately follows michael who, i have to say, every time i work with kids and we see kids like this, i feel so confident that the future is in great hands, regardless of the challenges we have today. [applause] i want to make that point and to start that out that as i sat in the audience earlier, i saw so many friends and colleagues and we are Community Space is a community and we are people who have dedicated our lives to exploration and the benefit of humanity. Our project is so farreaching and were talking about going to mars is our goals are 2030 and wed like to get there earlier but if youre thinking about it even in our lifetime through the we cant even finish the projects in sometimes within our career and we have to hand it off to younger people, younger engineers and scientists coming in. Quite frankly, we are talking about mars the first person to step on mars is probably looking at a classroom window today somewhere around this country or could be in this audience. We do have some students here and i want to talk about them in a bit. Those students have to have a basic understanding of the step subjects and being knowledgeable and literate and they will be our future leaders. I have a panel here today that will plot share thoughts about what we need to do and where we need to go and the issues we are facing because this is not easy what we do. We need world experts to help us. These students that we are talking about i said it may be someone looking out a window right now of the classroom and these are what we call at the Challenger Center we call them martians of tomorrow. They will be in the most technologically advanced, innovative generation weve ever known. To be fair, every successive generation is one that we hope will be but i want to get going in this and introduce my panelists in the middle here in the red and black is jerry. She is the director of elementary instruction at Frederick County Public Schools and shes been an advocate for structural excellence for k through five students for 26 years. She knows that the stuff she was a classroom teacher and shes a supporter of what causes students reflect on their working and make their learning visible. I will point out that these three ladies represent a spectrum of educational support. Jerry is at the front end of these k through five students and robin who i will introduce is director of workforce Industrial Base development at Aerospace Industries association which most of the people here are either members and very well aware but robin has 25 years in the private and Public Sector and she focuses mainly on strategic, national, global, corporate social responsible he programs primarily through k12 Stem Education. She has gone ill embarrass her by saying that not only professionally but personally she has three children and shes raised them and one of them in a couple theyre all doing in stem fields now and a shameless plug is her screen saver on her computer is her daughter in the Challenger Center with sally ride and being inspired to go on to other things. Robin will have a perspective for both the professional but as a parent. We also have janet id much is the creator of janets planet and shes committed to enriching the lives of children via education Live Performances on tv and online. She is a great following in 25 years and childrens entertainment and education space and she has received 12 regional emmys and ask gracie allen rewards and 140 plus Public Television stations nationwide and shes had a huge impact. Before can i get around the applause for these ladies. [applause] before i go any further i want to introduce one more group and i talked about this a little earlier. The students, the reasons i am here. We do have a group of students here today and thats why i kept saying there may be that martians here we have a group of ninth graders from el haynes nice grade public charter school. Could you stand up . Are they still here . There they are. Stand up, please. [applause] thank you. Not only are they here to hear about the future from you in a bit after lunch they will go across the street and we have a simulated launch to mars on sls that they will be flying and they also are going to design a 3d mars habitat with 3d pens that we had brought with us we had the Challenger Center crew and i want to thank our corporate sponsors who helped us with that, georgia rocket foundation, boeing in our longtime partner, nassau. We are here to talk about the summit to mars, humans to mars summit so its appropriate to talk about why mars. A few months ago i wrote an optic piece in the Huffington Post about why mars and from our perspective is more not just his destination but the defining moment for this next generation. I want to start with you, janet. Why mars . I say why mars because jean said we are on a journey to keep an appointment with whatever we are. Also why mars because its the promise and provocation of expiration is the greatest science adventure story of all time. Its like the great out west and we have to go corporate. Why mars why not . Its a possibility of donning a spacesuit and traveling 140 miles away from earth and i want to go. Also, why mars, because we work k through five or eight students and i know a group of thirdgraders back home in henry max schools that donned their jackets with their latest with astrophysicist on it and they designed the whole martians habitat and when i asked them why mars, they say because we want to be the people to go. Fantastic. Robin. This is for you out there, you own this. When i was a young girl it was all about landing on the moon and i witnessed that and then it was now what. Mars is exciting. When i was at the Johnson Space center couple months ago i saw what goes along with there are full companies of young people describe designing space suits, they want them to be slim and trim like workout close today. Your generation and 250,000, im told, will go up into orbit. Its exciting to see what students will be able to do in the jobs that will talk about later that will go along with a mission to mars. I think it generates excitement as the moon did for us. Jerry. Simply put, for us and education, its not just mars mars is a great goal but its also about making the impossible possible and helping kids to see that we have dreams and goals and some of those are big goals and its okay to dream and okay to think about things that others might say were impossible and we can do that. We want our students today to be thinking about what could be possible and not be boxed in by what others say is impossible. Fantastic. Lets talk about the bigger Stem Education issue which is why we are all here. I think generally when you have a panel like this its because youre trying to solve a problem but this is a concern. There continues to be a growing concern that todays students dont leave school prepared to take on Higher Education stem programs or enter the work force and some have a plastic lake of understanding of stem subjects that has a negative impact on the students ability to succeed and in an increasingly competitive workforce. It affects business ability to fill those jobs. It directly affects our economy, our ability to achieve things in the Us Department of congress estimate jobs in stem will experience double the growth as non stem fields and that will lead to a surplus of Career Opportunities because theres just not enough students to follow the stem pass to me the economys needs. As we sit in this room, living and breathing stem, as we are disciples of it knowing its important and what lies ahead we know we have a lack of talent in our industries will suffer and its a risk. This is a real risk. I started my career in nassau with Aerospace Engineer and we designed what you define is risks and this is a risk to us getting to mars. Thats a key reason why we are here. Its our first topic. Lets start with you, robin, because we talk about workforce you are at the end. Your industry that you represent at aia because many billions of dollars and the revenues and jobs and much everyone who is in your organization is helping us get to mars. What do you see in the industries and in the age of current employees what is causing the problem . If you ask any of our ceos what keeps you up at night there are a lot of answers to the questions but every one of them says the future Talent Pipeline in our future workforce. What happens when i retire and all of my direct reports retire. Who is coming up behind them . We dont know when that wave will occur and we been talking about the big retirement in the stem field for a number of years and the frustration keeps many working than they would have but we know that wave will come and weve got to have the students coming up behind him. Theres a number of things that we are concerned about and not enough women and minorities going into the stem field. We need to do better at that and its a known fact that were plugging along but thats a concern that we have, too. Of course, the skills gap. We all talk about the skills gap in the jobs that are going to be needed in the future, currently and in the future, dont often match up the skills that students are learning today. Theres a gap there and that will affect productivity, innovation, threaten our us Global Competitiveness at times and how can we close that gap. That is a concern. We also need students to know not only about extreme opportunities for learning highlevel math and science skills but also can they communicate, can they collaborate and work as a team. Those soft skills are important in our industry to be successful. I wont go on and on but we see in our industry is we have a Communications Problem and were not talking to the students and our story that we have high paying jobs and that there is a career in aerospace and Defense Industry if you choose that. Were not getting out there and having a millennials go back and talk to the students et cetera. The other thing is that technology is changing every day and its hard for us to match that up with what students are learning today and we talk about how we dont know what the job is exactly will be tomorrow and you heard a lot about that today. With all of those issues and the fact that in aerospace and defense you have to have security clearances and we cant hire from overseas and theres a number of things that go into it but thats what keeps us up. Thats why we do have a shortage of stem for those reasons. We need to communicate how great the skills are. Yeah, its exciting. Its exciting. Thats what takes me to jerry. Youre seeing the kids at the early age so why dont students show an interest in stem subjects and their going on to careers in other what you think is happening . First i will say today our youngsters are every bit as talented as youngsters have come out of school for the past 5070 years. They are enthusiastic in kind and concerned about the world around them. And the far more globally connected than they ever have been. However, i we have prepared them to do what we have prepared them to do. In the past 20 years in education, although accountability is a good thing, we have set our students and teachers up for being focused on answers rather than being focused on problems. When the students are focused on answers and when teachers are focused on answers they are not necessarily learning to think and to enhance the skills that robin was talking about what we call the foresees, some schools have five, 67 or ten. Weve not been setting them up but we been focused on the accountability that we all had to work toward and make sure that we are showing our students are being successful we were showing the students being successful in a way that is not necessarily helping us create students who are wellversed in the stem or seemed type fields. We say in education that assessment drives instruction in that is a good thing in the classroom but when assessment drives instruction from the perspective of standardized multiplechoice test that kids have to learn how to take is we are cramping that ability for kids to be creative and teachers to help students learn to think. Not only have our students grown up in this environment but our teachers have grown up in this environment too. Have an entire generation of students and teachers have been trained in this way. The good news is that the pendulum is swinging back a little bit and in my School System and in virginia we are becoming more focused on problem based learning and more focused on assessment that help show knowledge as opposed to spitting out what they know in the foresees are being embedded into classrooms and into the curriculum and students are expected to show how they are collaborating and expected to show creativity and Critical Thinking and are expected to communicate. We are coming back in that direction and building in a stem or seemed type contact into the curriculum and is one way that we are getting there. We are focused on the fact that we need to do better for our students and we need to do head in a better direction from that perspective. To build on what both of these great ladies have said is i feel and im a huge advocate for connecting students with role models. Sometimes there is a lack in industry professionals, Hidden Figures is the best pr move that science made to learn the story about Caffrey Johnson and mary jackson and to see those brilliant, persistent women on her intelligence. We have to start honoring the gift that we were given to stand in our inherent magnificent and say we had the best heaters on top of our shoulders. We rob ourselves of the great experience we take arts away from science and say you are one of those creative types. Janet, go sit over there. Thank god i had a teacher who saw my creative and science proclivities allowed me to do both. Letting our art and former science and let them go together. There is a great video running around on facebook that they did a study that we have to create aspirational science. All you writers and artists and videographers, celebrate science stories. They did a story in the study there was 5000 childrens books and only 25 of them had zero female characters. In Time Magazine listed the 100 best childrens books of all time and only 53 had females that spoke. Died on down, across childrens media only 19. 5 of female characters hold jobs or have career aspirations. I am here to tell you, ladies, smart is the most beautiful thing that you can be. [applause] for me, for those of us dreaming the dreams of mars and asteroids and deep space and all of these things we have to stand up and mentor and show up and we have to be the best mouthpiece for science. Well. Im glad you brought that up. For small, personal note, i am old enough i started my career in Nasa Langley Research and Catherine Johnson was in her last year that i met her when i was a young engineer. I was very glad to see that movie, as well. You are right. We need everybody and we need more students engaged in so appreciate these comments. These are fantastic. Im setting up the problem and now i but you appear for a reason. Now you have to come up with a solution. From our side the Challenger Center, we look at students to say we are committed to igniting that potential within each student. That to us is a key. Jerry, you talked about the standardized testing and it drives me nuts even im a parent of a 12 yearold and i feel like if we get students excited, energized about stem subjects and open their eyes to new skills and that will prepare them for the future. That will carry them forward in their careers and lives. The Challenger Center will do that in the way you do that is by handson stem programs. You have to let them run experiments and do a simulated mission, feed the excitement. In the Challenger Center mission they complete tasks together. They work as a team and get occasions and we give them a chance to see these queers they had. So, this afternoon, like i said, the students in his audience will do some of those things and im hoping that maybe 25 and 30 years from now ill read about one or a couple of them stepping on mars or being in the rocket scientist. The Challenger Center has been around for over 30 years and we have those stories already. We have those in Mission Control and astronauts in a doctor and thats my philosophy but i have you experts. Jerry, i will start with you. What can be done from a formal education standpoint even within society that relates to education you get more kids engaged with stem . I was just reading an article a couple weeks ago that talked about Stem Education and starting kids early and they were advocating for starting as early as preschool and there is a big push in our nation and in our state to make sure that we have preschool education for more and more students, if not all of our students. A lot of times we think they are too young to be engaged or involved in scientific thinking or mathematics. The reality is kids come with knowledge. They come with a National Curiosity about the world around them and they are ready and focused and willing to be a part of that. We have to tap into that early. We have to set up those experiences and we have to have openended opportunity for kids so they are not focused on the right answer but focused on answers or solutions because there is more than one right way to do things. We need to provide meaningful experiences for our students. A lot of times when we start down the path of problem based learning or problem based education the scenarios that we give kids are so contrived that they see right through them. For instance, the end to Learn Program that we do with Challenger Center as part of the grant that they have was focused on oceans and learning the Ocean Science and all of that from arbitrators but they were focused on the deals and those are becoming extinct and trying to find reasons why and that started them talking about the ocean patterns of currents and where they were engaged in helping to solve problems along the way and come up with ways of their own ideas to solve problems that were put for them. Our students were engaged in that they were had an opportunity to think and to collaborate and to make sure that they were working toward an end goal which is exciting to see in the classroom. We need more of that. Finally, i would say we need to lift teachers up. I dont know if you are aware but there is a National Teacher thinking possibly going into education or who might been thinking of going into education, because of the publicity that education has gotten in the past few years, they are running for the hills. And so we are not come its nott that were not even getting the best and the brightest which is what we need this kind ofwe offensive for us in education, but its not even that problem any longer, its that were not getting anyone because kids today see that and this yearth teachers are kind of being put in between a rock and a hard place and they dont want to be involved in that. Place and they dont want to be involved in it. We have to lift our teachers up in support them and provide them with the training they need in the classroom and that is not because our teachers are uneducated there some of the most intelligent, welleducated people that walk the face of this earth and there with our kids day in and day out, loving them in nurturing them in providing for their educational as well as their other needs but they are expert in everything. We have a room full of experts in the Stem Education field who can be a part of that training and help supported and help our teachers by modeling or doing some of the thin so we need ways to help teachers see the Practical Application of what theyre teaching in the classrooms to the field. At the elementary level its kind of difficult to say this is what you need to math for when youre talking to a sixyearold or an eightyearold, but when someone from the field comes in and shows them how that math is applicable and that its part of a realworld job, it makes a lot more sense to kids. So those are the types of things that can help. Thank you for your plug for our program at your school. So, janet, youre great at this. Inspiring students. Tell me about one of your programs that help inspire and why it works. Mentoring is something she was talking about, there are amazing kindergarteners and first graders. There was jackson, selfproclaimed my biggest fan. I happened to visit the school and he had read about the new Horizons Mission and he said, well, miss janet, if you talk to mr. Alan, i think that its a planet. On it because he thinks its a planet, too. Fast forward a year and i get a call from a very awesome teacher and she said that jackson is having a bit of a problem, his parents are going through a terrible divorce and he loves space and science, anything you can do, i just want to give him something. So i happened to be at a luncheon with hoot gibson, five time Space Shuttle astronaut and hey, hoot, ive got a kid who wants to go in space and can you film a message . I filmed a message with him, he takes out his card and autographed it and ends is is tole school. And hes having a tough time and learn to study hard and that downward face was a smile and i handed him the autographed Business Card and then it wasnt until i realized he looked at it, he was like, i probably need to call mr. Gibson and tell him. [laughter] im going, oh, my god, ive given a second grader an astronauts phone number so on the car i called hoot, you know that card i never thought about it. He says, oh, it will be great. Back and forth these two, and you know, a sevenyearold and hoot, who is i think probably approaching 70 spent about 45 minutes on the phone, hoot sends him a followup package and his little world was righted again. And ive seen that kind of thing when its a onetoone, but i also have seen it when i do a handson activity like make your own spacecraft. Nasa has a great thing, you make it out of recycled items and ive done it at festivals, done it with pine cones, here is your space blanket and here is the aluminum foil and explain the science and instrumenttation and then you let the creativity take place and ive had parents involved in the process. And one parent called, my son want add spiderman party, but at your event with your spacecraft, he wants an astronaut party. And i think were all called for the drop of science, for those of us super passionate about it and pray that everybody is adding to that, putting their drop in so that our future explorers have a full cup. Thank you, and i think we you know, frankly, its we have an advantage of space and dinosaurs are like natural for certain ages and how is it not exciting going on a mission to mars or youre going on the these, its a natural fit for us. We have an advantage over other industries and i wont ill refrain from getting into that, so im going to go to you, and save you for last, rob, and this is where im going to make you work for it so you are a leader in Work Force Development in the Aerospace Industry and the mother of three Challenger Center students, all who turned into stem professionals. So ive got two questions for you on this, first, what has the industry been doing that you believe is working regarding getting more stem candidates and specialists, and what it takes to put a program together. What did you do to keep your students interested in stem, elementary, middle, high school and college. How did you do it personally . Thanks for asking. Ill start with the first question, what is business doing . Up here, you have academia and you have industry and thats exactly what we think is important. That eco system of industry working with nonprofit and state and local government to come together to resolve some issues to get more kids into stem. We know that parents, teachers, counsellors, grandparents are the biggest influencers of students and were communicating to parents that stem is exciting. Our industry depends on it. To hear you say that theres a shortage of teachers again and that the profession is not wellrespected. Im a former teacher, my masters and postmasters is all on education so i actually taught for a number of years, high school and went into business for most of my career, but i have that dual background and it breaks high heart to hear that. Ill have to take that on, try to see what i can do from an industry perspective. Starting early with prek. Businesses are now realizing that with that Early Brain Development and i spent a lot of my career, a couple of years ago, talking about neuroscience and Brain Development and i wont bore you with that. The fact is that two, three, fouryearold kids when their brains are developing, its critical that they learn how to problemsolve and learn how to learn. Atrisk kids dont always have the opportunity to go to preschool. What the business industry is doing, in some cases advocating for funding for Early Childhood education and i know we talked about that in our panel call. I cant say enough. Thats kind of new. We have always in business, first we worked with universities and now its k12 and universities and we need to get in there and advocate for Early Childhood education for all students and i think thats new and different. We need to talk to students about the Vital Missions that our industry does and how do we do that . I mean, often times, i think of manufacturing as the grandfathers factory floor, the dirty oil all over the place kind of factories and manufacturing plants and what were finding today is that those ideas that were rooted in 19th and 20th century manufacturing movies that you see certainly is not true today. You can eat off the floor in the plants ive been in. Robotics is a big part of it and advanced manufacturing, the technologies that are out there that our kids need to learn so were trying to bring students into the manufacturing plants and bring students into our companies and show them what we do. Theres nothing like, you talked about handson learning handson and visual recognition of jobs in our industry. Its hard to go out to a career fair and say, oh, yeah, we build drones, too, a lot of drones, you know, and then we have software that manages the drones and try to relate to things that kids understand and things they can see. Our biggest competition, aerospace and defense is not each other, not the companies with each other, its more the googles and the amazons and the Silicon Valley kinds of jobs. Students see what google is, they use it every day and they dont often see it in our industry. We try to expose the partnership to expose kids to exciting jobs that we have. And then lastly, were trying to talk to them about career advancement, the salary levels that we have. Help with the students debt. You hear about the college kids coming up with huge debt and sometimes companies who attract them into the company are offering scholarships to these students and thats kind of new and different, too. I didnt see that eight, ten years ago. Other than policy and working as an echo system, and thats the program. As far as my children go, i have three stem children, students, for Young Professionals now, i should say. They have the advance of a mon a mom that did Corporate Communication from Northrop Grumman and i had a lot of weekend activity and we supported the Challenger Center, we supported space camp. In Elementary School they went to the High School Science fairs because i had to present the awards for the companies and things like that. I had to say if we had more of an advantage of seeing the kind of stem opportunities and meeting adults, but if i take that out of the equation, the fact that i had that, you know, work as a profession, exposing kids to the space camp, the Challenger Centers, i love the fact that my daughter at nine years old met sally ride in her space camp suit. Even though shes married now, a Software Trainer at tablo, get your kids ready you kids up there, take advanced courses early on, algebra in the eighth grade and try to track that through and hightech high schools if you can or regular high schools that have advanced courses and make the career choices yours. If you dont get the courses in place youre not going to have as many choices. Whether you pursue these kinds of careers youre talking about or not at least you have the opportunity to make the decisions. Odysseys in mind was another another great Critical Thinking in Elementary School. My kids did Junior Achievement and i taught Junior Achievement, and how do you start a business, whats marketing, what kind of budget do you want to set . Which also. Ron first and also, first robotics does, too. And just to see what those kids have to do at first. My son did first. And my youngest is an engineer, he did pursue engineering, he went to i have to throw out a callout for scouts because hes an eagle scout and to be an eagle scout, you have to design a project and defend that project, how youre going to carry it out in front of a group of adults and this is one of the greatest stories i tell young people. And so he did, he built a bridge, designed a bridge and built it all at our church camp. What was interesting about that is that he Learned Leadership skills because when youre in scouts, you have to lead other teams, part of being an eagle. Hes a freshman engineering student at virginia tech, rolls royce comes in and theyre interviewing kids and cameron goes in as a freshman, youngest of my three, and im going to interview, what the heck. And all the kids are coming out whitefaced and whats wrong in that room. Its a panel. Oh, hes used to talking to a panel of men, and in scouts in particular, and he gets the internship as a freshman, and i thought, you know, those are things you dont talk about. How do you communicate. How do you give your kids experiences and how do you students up there in the loft there go out and work with adults and learn how to speak with adults, communication, collaboration, communication. Those are so critical. What i say as a parent expose your kids to as many things as you can. My middle daughter is a c. P. A. With deloitte, and a different stem, and she did the math in third grade. I minimize the amount of computer time, its easier back then than now but our kids played board games and went outside, they did summer camp and went outside, and they learned survivor skills and Girl Scout Camp and innings things. And go on and on about the kids, i dont want to bore you, but he made me talk about it. Thank you, robin, i did that purposely because otherwise id talk about my kids for the next eight hours. So we have time for one more quick question. We set this up, whats the problem, whats kind of the general solution, the idea. But you know, im all about action. And you know, were at Challenger Center, were inspiring kids to move on. So, im going to ask each of you, youve got a room here full of the Aerospace Professionals and we have the students here. What, you have the opportunity and youre an Impressive Group of ladies who have made huge changes in a lot of peoples lives. If you could address this crowd, here is my call to action to you people out there, what can you specifically do now . What am i asking you, one or two things you can do. So, robin, start with you. Oh, no. What action would you give. Im going to ask you to address the students. Good. Youre from the professional work force. You talked to those people. What would you tell the students, what advice to pursue the stem degrees. I wrote them down to go through them fast, there wasnt one or two things, theres a variety of things you just heard me talk about, be exposed to so many different things, but do take the advanced math and science courses early on. If you take algebra in the eighth grade and ap courses then you have choices when you choose your college and career path and let those choices be yours. Others to get involved in stem extracurriculars, we talked about the odyssey of the mind and first robotics, a number of them. Do as many as you can. Im not saying dont do sports, my kids were all m sports, every season in a different sport all three of them. So balance that out. Seek out internships, and apprenticeships, your older High School Kids talk to businesses and folks at nasa about job paths and career paths and how did they get where they are. I cant encourage you enough to go out and get, even if its unpaid, to get opportunities in the business and how it works, it helps with schooling down the road and build the leadership skills, et cetera. In the end, have fun in life. Have balance in your life. Work hard and play hard and thats my fathers mantra and i kind of pick that an up. I do both. I have a real balance in my life. Youll make a better employee if you have balance and explore all of your options. What i used to tell so many students when they say well, its not always cool to be in first robotics in High School Kind of a nerdy thing and i say just remember this all those Football Players making fun of you, theyll be carrying your bags one day. [laughter]. Theyll be working for you. So, anyway, knock em dead. All right, thank you, robin. Jerry, im going to, again, turning it the other way, talk to the air so space professional industry here. What can they do to get involved and help the students with issues youre seeing . Im going to borrow a phrase that we use in frederick counties, virginia one the first counties on the east coast to have a Bright Futures organization, a Community Organization thats all of the different businesses and everything coming together to partner with our School System and we talk about giving of you shall time, your talent or your treasure, and or your treasure. So from the perspective of time, i would say be an engaged role model for students in your lo he local schools, we talked about that. Be a mentor for a young student. Especially men, mentor Young Children who may not have a man figure or solid man in their lives. Its in big need and invaluable in your schools. When you give of your talent, you can share your expertise and help show students possibilities, you can help the teachers in the schools figure out how to incorporate things into their curriculum or classrooms, or you can just be someone who is there to help and inspire kids on a daily basis. And treasure. I know that, you know, people always think that were always hitting everyone up for money and thats to an extent is true, but thats because in an age where we are expecting more and more and more of our students and more and more and more of our teachers, were also in an age where were struggling with being defunded in the Public Schools. And so, we dont have the funding to put towards some of the programs we would really like to have, whether its sending children to Challenger Centers. In our system we have a star base center. And not every children can go to star base because children cant get to all the sessions and we only provide so many buses. Anytime you provide meaningful opportunities that they otherwise wouldnt have, we encourage that and welcome that in our schools. Wow, thank you, jerri. Over to you, janet, id like you to address to students, whether theyre going into a stem field or not, im interested in what kind of advice youd give. Youve worked directly with a lot of young people. And i have taught science, i have taught dance, musical theater. So what i want to say to any young people here and especially those of you up there, the balcony, is always dream big. And its like, life really isnt about finding yourself as much as it is about creating yourself. Commander Chris Hadfield has a great graphic, dont let life kick you into the adult you dont want to become. I like that, whether youre a tap dancing pharmacist and let your art and science live side by side, it matters not. Space will be pretty boring if theres not a good story teller, artist or musician going to mars. Allow yourself to be imperfect. Perfectionism, ill tell you any number of scientists and engineers, they can live their failures much longer than successes, but its because of failures they were successful. Allow failure, nasa has a thing failure is not an option, maybe it should be. When i see experiments with students go awry, thats when it happens. Allow that. The last thing i would ask, what would you want to do if you knew you could not fail. And i would ask that to the entire crowd, what would you do if you knew you couldnt fail. And i would hashtag that with go pursue that. Wow, i think ive just found my new mentors in life. Theyve helped people launch a lot of successful lives and careers. Im going to have your phone numbers on speed dial. Let me id like to, as moderator, take my moment to say, here is my call to action to you. At Challenger Center we recognize all of these, you know, all of these issues and the first step is to ask you and this audience and were asking everybody out there to just at least take the first step, take a pledge to say im going to do something. Any one of these things. And at Challenger Center to help you even, you know, solidify that, youre going to do it that you put your name down that youre going to do it. We actually have a martians of tomorrow, its not just a title we put up there. Its a whole campaign. If you go to challenger. Org, you can go on and its not an ask for money or anything like that. Its for you to say im going to do something about it and say what you want to do, but the fun thing, if you go to our website, if you would like, you can take a quiz and it will take you through a series of questions about your interests, and you will find out if you were going to mars, what you would be, what teammate you would be on this trip. Would you be the biologist, the chemist, the navigation officer. And weve had fun in the office. And all of you take that pledge, were trying to start a movement in this country to get mind stem behind Stem Education. And i see we have five minutes left. Perfect. Im going to open up the floor for questions from the audience, so there are microphones upfront here. If you have a question just stand up and come right down to the microphones and we will be happy to answer any question you might have. I see somebody standing and, yes, theyre coming here and not to the bathroom. Thats a good sign. [laughter] i know one of my daughters very favorite science teachers was actually his second career. He was a scientist and came back to the classroom. I wonder if you know of any efforts to bring, you know, retired or, you know, scientists back into the classroom as a second career . Thank you. I think jerri might be the best to answer that so go ahead. I can speak to virginia and what virginia has been working on. We have programs through the either Community Colleges or local universities that people who have had a career already and who want to get into teaching can enter into the career programs and certain courses they need to have before entering into classrooms. Although i know our legislation was just trying it make some of that pathway a little easier and open it up a little bit more. We do hire folks who come out of, whether its the scientific field, engineering, mathematics, on the lookout for people who lived those experiences because they have a lot to offer to our students. I will tell you many or most of them dont stay very long. Especially at the High School Level. They come in and they Teach High School for a semester or two and they decide that that is know the at all what they want to do and they quickly flee. But we look for folks who are interested in that and have that passion for students and we do try to make that happen for them. I will say the key is, have a passion for kids because no matter what it is you think youre teaching, you are teaching students. You might teach math to students. You might teach science to students. You might teach biology to students, but you are teaching students. So if you dont have a passion for kids first, its not a field for you. I would just add in there at Challenger Center we actually have lots of scientists engineers who retire and they still love exploration and they love and people who love working with kids and theyre actually our flight directors working with kids in the centers and they dont have any better job in the world. Theyre flying to mars like every day with the kids, so, i think and i do think its a good idea. I think that exchange helps. So, next question. Hi, so my question for you is whats your advice for the kids and parents who come to love of stem fields later in life, either through high school, through college, and the ap classes arent for them fiphysicisfizphysics confuses t. A book called creating the innovators of the future in the middle of play they may find their passion and in the middle of passion may find their purpose. And go back to what she said earlier, instruction through assessment. Throw that out the door. Figure out what theyre most interested in and pathway is. We all learn so very differently. Its like i could many to this as my undergrad is in music and theater. And i come really as created. Sometimes ill turn it on its head and see things if i was a scientist i might not ask the question about. Let them play and if they find their passion even later in life. I dont know in the middle of that, they may find a connection and a doorway that hasnt yet been opened. Yeah, there is plenty of time. I mean, it doesnt mean even if you have graduated from bachelors in english degree. A personal story i worked at nasa for 20 years and someone in charge who had an english degree as their bachelors. Theres time anytime to change paths, especially young people today. They can pursue it, like janet said if you find your passion dont be afraid of it, find the mentors and who will support you and help you through. Find your mentors. Thank you, good question. Another question every year. Im a High School Student and i recently got super interested in space and stuff. I was wondering, how can i, a High School Student encourage my peers to go into stem. [applause]. Well, first of all. Bravo, youre now part of the tribe and the club. And take the martians of tomorrow pledge, and i dont know im going to turn it over to somebody else here. A number of things. Take them are you involved in some of these stem activities after school or just saying they dont want to do it . Then maybe bring them is that the case . I would really like to, as of now i dont have time, but trying tore next year. Thats a start. Start with something they might be passionate about at the High School Level. It could be first robotics. First is not all about the robot. Its part of it, of course, but its all about raising money and marketing and coming up with a team logo. As you factor in first robotics, talk of something of interest or call us up in industry and we can connect you with folks in industry at that have cool jobs. Get motivated to see what kind of jobs you can get with a stem career. You kind of need to see the light at the end of the tunnel, theyre not enjoying math and science early on and dont see how that applies when they come out in their careers, thats a little tough cell. Do two things, one at the High School Level with your peers and the other thing, try to connect with industry. Thank you so much. Ill say, ill speak for myself. If you stay here afterwards, well ill give you my contact information. Would love to give you ideas on all the different programs im aware of that you could get involved in. Because it is what robin says, youre going to have to find the passions of the other people and connect into it. We can give you a range of things, and kind a good summer camp, thats shortterm, so many cool ones out there and thats another suggestion. Yes, you can be our champion out there, wed love it. Thank you so much. Thank you. [applause] thank you very much. Tomorrow, negotiators from the United States, mexico, and canada will begin efforts to modernize the north American Free trade agreement, nafta. Right now mexicos chief negotiator and mexican