Most of the time is no, but we paid weight that patient up anyway. I think we need to redo hospitals and as you alluded to we are changing course the outpatient and that is the trend all over and i think the trend will be even greater because right now when you go to a Doctors Office they draw your blood, they collect data and call you later with the results. Not a efficient system. The office of the future will be prick your finger at home, send it in, check your Blood Pressure , you go in and do something remarkable and actually have a discussion. You can watch this and other programs online apple tv. Org. Heres a look at some the bestselling nonfiction books according to politics and prose bookstore in washington dc. Richard rothsteins report that local, state and federal legislation has been responsible for americas a segregated cities in the color of law followed by Sally Friedman the jersey brothers with the story of two us naval mens efforts to find their get this brother listed in as missing in action. Number five on the list, in doing vietnam, james writes recount of those who fought in the vietnam war. Our look at the top 10 bestselling nonfiction books according to politics and prose bookstore continues with journalists look journalist Jonathan Allen behindthescenes look at Hillary Clintons 2016 president ial candidacy candidate see. Next, facebook chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg and psychologist adam on perseverance, followed by Libby Chamberlain account of her Facebook Group that treated to a political movement. Wrapping up our look at politics and prose of a list of bestselling nonfiction books is Pulitzer Prize winning author alan taylor history of the american revolution. Some of these authors have or will appear on the tv. You can watch them also on our website book tv. Org. We are back live for that gaithersburg book festival. Sharon weinberger is about to begin. Her book is the imagineers of war the untold story of darpa. Good afternoon. Welcome to gaithersburg book festival. My name is mark korman a state legislator from district 16. Gaithersburg is a city that supports the arts and humanities and we are pleased to bring the fabulous event thanks in part to the generous support of our sponsors and volunteers. When you see them i hope you will say thanks. Please is silence your devices and if youre on social media today please use the gbs. Feedback is valuable and surveys are available here and on our website. By submitting a survey will be entered into a drawing for hundred dollars visa gift card and i hope you all put that in. Our author will sign books immediately after this presentation and copies are on sale to your right. Quick word about buying books, this is a free event, but it helps the book festival if you buy a book and the more books you buy the more books the festival cells in the more publishers will want to send their authors here to speak with us. Purchasing books from our partners help support one of the world great independent bookstores and supports local jobs. I have a bag full over there myself. If you know this program, please buy books today. Our author this afternoon is Sharon Weinberger in the book is the imagineers of war the untold story of darpa this is sharons third book and also her third what i will call long form exploration of the practices of defense. She began her career as a defense analysts and became a journalist and author shifting her eye inward in which she has been working and she is now the executive editor on foreignpolicy that you confine on foreignpolicy. Com. The advanced Research Project agency has a pretty solid reputation especially for those who know its background especially like the birth of the background, but sharons book digs deeper exploring darpa from its birth to the present and some of its less successful work including Research Funded related atmospheric belt of radiation to deter Nuclear Weapons, counterinsurgency practices in vietnam and superhuman soldiers that could survive on bus food and sleep thats currently possible. Its a multifaceted story with a lot of fanciful failures in an agency in search of a mission, but whats the most impresses is if you get to the back of the book and look at the sources you will see when sharon wrote this history she did it without access to any of darpas classified material, but there is so much inside information in this history and you will wonder how she was able to figure this out without this access. I look forward to hearing more about this book from sharon. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Sharon Weinberger. Thank you, mark. I wanted to start off by thinking the gaithersburg book festival and politics and prose which are both great venues for writers and when you spend so many years in my case over four years working on a book and people actually want to hear you talk about it, i mean, not just read the book, but here about what motivated you to work on it and your passions and interests, thats wonderful and for me the opportunity to meet readers who want to share my interest is also a special opportunity, so thank you. Im here today to talk about darpa defense advanced Research Project agency and something thats more associated today with sciencefiction technology. People who have heard about it and a lot of people have, but some think of it in connection with things like self aircraft with drones responsible for the targeted killings of places like afghanistan iraq, yemen and elsewhere. They associate it most notably with the internet which indeed traces tracked the back to darpa lineage or perhaps Driverless Cars which are coming into their own door to siri, the app on your iphone for voice recognition. Im not here today to talk about so much the technology has the origins of how darpa became what it was and what i think made it at times successful and at times unsuccessful. Goes back to my career writing on pentagon funded science and technology, something that has fascinated me for over a decade and one of the questions i have asked is how is science funded by the National Security state and how is it different than that funded by civil institutions or academia or industry and why should we care about the difference. Well i think that question is even more relevant today. Ive given several versions of this talk over the past few months of the book came out and each time i give the talk ive been thinking more and more about whats going on today in the country and the relevancy relevancy of what i have examined. Irish a leash chose the selection because it up is our notion of darpa is a Technology Agency because it looks at eight to to of darpa history in the vietnam war when they were moving beyond technology to the social sciences and Behavioral Sciences and the role of the pentagon of the social sciences, but i think its especially relevant today as we see debates in the country about proposed cuts to science in this civilian Institution Meeting the National Institute of health and at the same time we see a proposal to increase funding for the military and Defense Department. Traditionally when funding for the Defense Department is increased funding for darpa has increased and what i propose today is what we see is not necessarily science, but similar to what happened in the cold war, shift from funding civil science to military science and rather than say its a good or bad thing what i would challenge is to think about the implications whether good, whether bad and what that means for science in our country. I also chose the selection today which is from a chapter called to blame it on the source because its a lot about truth of facts and manipulation of facts and most war. I think the question these chapter raises is more important than ever, so this takes us back to the vietnam war period which i argue is the most important period for darpas development and its origin of almost all of the technologies today that we think about when we think about darpa meaning self aircraft and to some extent it all traces back to that time for the country and darpa. The story of blame it on the sorcerer starts in 1966 in vietnam. He is sent to prison in saigon to interview a vietcong prisoner he shows the imprisoned fighter in blocks and says to use see anything on this card that remind you of a, no, sir he replies per cow about the top part, anything there that remind you of a . No, he replied. Do you think see anything on this ink blot that remind you of a womans vagina, no, he replied in this went on for several hours and neither man was in a good mood. He was frustrated because hed been going through these cards, to diagnose personality traits and the prisoner was unhappy. He was employed by an American Firm based in cambridge, massachusetts. The company set him to vietnam in 1966 under darpa to help the pentagon understand the growing insurgency, so lets calibrate where we are 1966. At that time theres over 180,000 american troops in vietnam which is as many as were in iraq and afghanistan at the height of our wars they are. The vietcong insurgency had grown tremendously. The pentagon papers estimated about an estimated 280,000 vietcong communist fighters. This was up from what their estimates were of about 10000 in 1962, so 10000 to 280,000 in the insurgency was rapidly growing. There was an active uprising in South Vietnam which included three months of setting themselves on fire, images which were broadcast into americas living room in the us understood and officials understood American Intervention in opposition to it was rising, but they did not understand why there was opposition and why there was opposition into the us backed South Vietnamese South Vietnamese regime, but they thought scientists could up them understand, so slope was one of the people that was sent to vietnam. He was using the warsaw test which was a time to help understand psychotherapist. So far at least in this happy with the vietcong fighter that ink blocks veiled to release any insights into the fighter. He asked the viacom fighter to go through the parts and identify something sexual. Nothing. Than he has the fighter to find anything that reminded him of a person. Nothing again. Slope seemed puzzled that an imprisoned vietcong fighter being interviewed by a man interviewed interviewing him about his life the man was elected to even touch the card. Speaking of archives i found out verbatim interview of this backandforth in the archives at mit which goes to the question of how do you write its history and theres actually a lot declassified and also have a collection run a country, so this is what the fighter replied acquainted the interview i dont understand these pictures, so i dont know which ones i like or dislike. Slope spent seven weeks in vietnam in which time he collected data on for vietnamese, a french educated writer, a student activist, a senior buddhist month mark and that vietcong prisoner. Slope found the viacom vietcong fighter frustrating. The monk was even more cooperative. Quote you know ive never seen one in the monk replied in astonishment when the monk was asked about an ink blot that resembled a vagina. His conclusions based on the interview quote the vietcong member was less directly addressed he stared into space and his expression was flat and he never reached out where he spotted. The only time he came alive when was telling of his exploits. As soon as this past he would lapse back into lethargic apathy with the pattern im convinced was lifelong and not precipitated by imprisonment. Just remind you this interview is going on in prison. Slope was not interested in vietnamese politics any quiz to be spent about the parents, dreams and sex lives or lack thereof. He decided after the interviews that the problem with the vietnamese people was not the thousand years of foreign domination including french colonialism and contemporary American Intervention, but the root of the problem was there troubled family structure. But its back up a bit. Theres a basic question here that i asked myself when i was going through these darpa files which is why the hell with the psychotherapist in vietnam and more importantly and relevance to the book what does this have to do with darpa and why did darpa send this person there . This goes back to the broader question i asked before what is the role of science in the pentagon as opposed to other parts whether acting or industry and most importantly what are the implications of science conducting National Security and should we care and i think we do. Lets back up and talk about what darpa is. It was created in 1958 in response to spot next, the soviet unions launch the first artificial satellite that created the political panic somewhat akin to the 911 attacks in 2001 meaning that represented two things at the time in 1957 when the launch took place, first that the soviet union was ahead in the space race. Second and perhaps most importantly the technology to launch a satellite was linked to launching ballistic missiles, so the idea of the soviet union could launch a suit Nuclear Weapon attack really shatter the post world war ii area are. If you month later and 58 president Dwight D Eisenhower authorized the birth of our bed that advanced Research Project agency and it was at a time this predates the creation of nafta. On the satellite in Space Program would go into this agency this agency would do everything possible, throw bureaucracy to the wind. Darpa did this quite successfully and under a year acre eventually to what it is today, which is a 3 billiondollar a year agency. It still bears summing the traits in its early days with a lack of druckers inability to move quickly to find new projects. Unlike the National Science foundation it doesnt need peerreviewed. It can move quickly. It doesnt have permanent employees. It has the ability unlike other parts of government to fail and hopefully to succeed as well. If the originator of sony technologies that have changed that a build of our daily lives including drones, weapons, Driverless Cars and you could argue and i think i agree that its the most Successful Research agency ever created at least the most successful military research agency. It doesnt mean it doesnt have flaws and in writing a book about darpa i wasnt trying to count out how me projects succeed or fail, but have the agency got to where was and i think the presumption in a lot of darpas history is that it goes back to the space race, but the truth is darpa was only a space agency for about a year and a half before nasa was created and then the military put that took back its other Space Program. What i look at is what i think is the seminal period of darpas experience and what made it what it is today which his involvement in vietnam and i came to the conclusion everything important we associate with darpa comes out of vietnam and more critically to the extent that how we prosecute our wars today with drones, self, computers is cosgrove and specifically darpas experience in vietnam, our most failed war effort, so if you think about the way we wage our wars it should give us pause, but also goes the title of this book the the imagineers of war because thats what the imagineers of war was at its height. Thinking about how do we fight our wars today, how will we fight them tomorrow and how do we come up with solutions. It did not always work, but sometimes it did, so lets return for a minute to our psychotherapist in the vietnam. What was going on. His presence may sound ludicrous today, but its part of a broader effort at the time to study the roots of insurgency from a scientific vantage point. Pentagon officials were not all stupid and realized the war in vietnam was not going well they also realized that bombs alone could not solve that. They turn to researchers rather than physicists or engineer they thought maybe scientists can help us understand. Darpa got involved in this because it was about to be shut down. In 1959, 1960 it had lost its space work. But, they had a rather creative individual, a legendary intelligence operative and go dell was the original dimension are of war and said i think a Nuclear Confrontation with the soviet union however terrible is unlikely and whats more likely is the type of wars we will fight will be in places like southeast asia, so in 1961 bill good dell the Deputy Director got permission from president kennedy for a test senator in vietnam. They did everything from silent aircraft to chemical the affiliation and started sending anthropologists and social scientists. In 1961 darpa was assigned by a pentagon and to run this program they hired a man named jc are lip wider. Linklater went on to be that god father of the modern internet. In the queue or behavioral scientists what was going on which was the 1960s dharma was being flooded by independent researchers at suggesting ways to help scientist understand why creasing number of the enemies and which were siding with viet cong rather than us forces. My favorite solution that i found in archives was dated august, 1965 from General Electric writing to darpa suggesting their company be given a continuing openended contract to apply its experience and technology to counterinsurgency of vietnam. Its first proposal was from what it called the mass polygraph and that concept was like modern witch dunking. The letter said consider the following scenario a highsecurity