Foreign policy. Just last tuesday the president led the American People to believe that he is withdrawing our marines immediately. In fact, he is not. Were now told that redeployment might take many months. Even though it could be done in just a matter of hours. In the meantime, the president has ordered naval bombardment of beirut and those 16inch shells are tearing into villages, killing women and children, while our marines are kept in place to become even more the targets for fanatical retribution. Theres little military justification for what the president is doing and no moral justification whatsoever. Because of our steadily deteriorating relationship with the soviets and because of our illconceived and morally outrageous position in lebanon, we need new leadership both at home and in the world. Together we can make a difference and together we can make a more sane, sensible, and secure future for ourselves and for our children. Thank you, senator glenn. Our next opening remark will be from senator hollings. Well, i too believe in the importance of our foreign policy. We democrats have always been strong with respect to building up our world around, respect for the values that we hold dear. Specifically with respect to the marines over a year ago. Prior to their deployment i said if they were put there to fight there were too few. If they were put there to die, there were far too many. But i think the target really is Ronald Reagan. And im looking at the fact that weve lost the last three out of four races as democrats because well come here in the next 2 1 2 hours and well promise you literally everything. We will give you a program for the retirees, the senior citizens, the pensioners, and everybody else. But well never talk about paying for it. Well get lockjaw. And unless we can prove our reliability as being able to manage that any, were not going to get Ronald Reagan out of that white house. I have accordingly submitted the freeze proposal where we take just last years budget. People say how are you going to do that politically . Three readings by the house, three readings by the senate. Signed just in november. Im saying take that budget, not only just politically but k3e7bd it for one year. We will immediately pick up 100 billion. And then we will be able to get back the value of the dollar. Then iowa farmers would be able to sell their products without that 32 tax or penalty due to the overvalued dollar. Then industry would be able to invest and reemploy. Then we would be able to get our country moving again. And finally then we would be able to pay for the programs. But we democrats are going to talk for 2 1 2 hours and not mention anything realistic like that. Were going to say i am concerned. Any question yall are going to ask we are concerned but were not going to pay for it. [ applause ]. Next is senator hart. Thank you, mr. Gannon. I want to take this occasion to thank the people of iowa for their hospitality and kindness to leigh and myself throughout the course of the last year. We appreciate it very much. Im a democrat, and im proud of it. But this election this year is not just between the democrats and the republicans. Or just between liberals and conservatives. He its between our future and our past. I believe the new leadership this country is asking for is different in several ways. First, that new leadership believes in solving problems and not just debating old ideologies. Nowhere is this clearer than on the issue of defense and National Security. Ronald reagan clearly wants to give not only a blank check but a blank checkbook to the pentagon to prosecute and increase cold war. Others in our party want to cut our National Defenses almost arbitrarily regardless of the consequences. I believe that this country needs a Strong National defense by reforming our conventional forces to make them the most effective and not just the most expensive. Second the new leadership of this country believes in innovation. Not just supporting old programs but doing what Franklin Roosevelt advised, and that is bold, persistent experimentation. Why not individual training accounts to protect the jobs of our working americans . Why not a freeze on the production of plutonium used to make Nuclear Weapons . Why not a tiered price support system to save the family farmer in this country . Third, i think the new leadership the American People want puts principle above politics. Nowhere is that clearer than on the issue of lebanon. There are some candidates for this highest office of this land that delayed in terms of coming out to bring the marines out. Others on capitol hill held back in an effort to achieve some political advantage. I think if all of us had joined together, all of us on this platform, to pull the marines out as i recommended in september of 1982, possibly 300 would be alive today, and thats the kind of bold leadership i think this country needs. Thank you, senator hart. [ applause ] our next speaker is reverend jackson. Today ive come to learn and to participate and to greet the great moral imperatives of our day, to feed the hungry and to end war. Im not a farmer, but im concerned. We have the options of Mutual Development or mutual annihilation in this world. Well either freeze the weapons or we will burn the people and freeze the planet. Today were witnessing the most severe farm crisis since the depression. But theres a parallel urban crisis. Record foreclosures on family farms. Family farms wrecked. The rate is three times higher for blacks. 6 million farmers in 1945. About 2. 3 million today. Our food, the water and air is poisoned. I akind of selfimposed Chemical Warfare. A rise in the misery and the danger index. A crisis in industrial integrity. The number one agricultural system in the world and yet 20 Million People malnourished in this country, a half billion in the world. Just over in kansas city there are over 6 billion worth of food stored. The cost of 383 million a year. More than a Million Dollars a day to store food while people are stafrk. The response, the pick program for the rich, pickpocket program for the poor. 2 billion cut in food stamps. 4 Million People out of welfare or food stamps or out of options. We need leadership. We must move from Nuclear Threat with russia to some form of mutual survival. We need not compete on overkill but compete with agriculture and trade and technology. We need to restructure agriculture relations. The Ag Department must function for the poor and the family farmer. We must convene the leaders of the world. Not just to end Nuclear Confrontation but use this vast resource to feed this world and to add we need to put food above politics. We need more than a new president. We need a new direction. Thank you very much. [ applause ] thank you, reverend jackson. We now go to senator cranston. What we must do in this debate is set the agenda that will defeat Ronald Reagan. We failed to do that in 1980, and he beat us. Ronald reagan has taken us to tragedy in lebanon, to the invasion of grenada, and to the brink of war in Central America. Hes given us a trilliondollar deficit, and hes thrown 5 million of us out of work. But if were going to win this time, the Democratic Party must realize that the American People want a president with a clear vision of where he will lead america. We need a democratic vision that revives the work ethic in america, that says people who work should be able to earn a good living, that commits us to preserve the small american businessman and woman and the family farm as a way of life in our country. The democratic vision must lead the way to peace. We must have the guts not to use guns just because weve got bigger and better guns than the other guy. We must see to it that america helps feed a starving world and shines again as the beacon of freedom and justice. This clear democratic commitment to peace and jobs must be at the center of our vision. We must give america leadership that will make us respected but not feared again in the world. That vision, that clear vision will beat Ronald Reagan in 1984. Thank you. [ applause ] thank you, senator cranston. Mr. Mcgovern. On october 8th i opened my campaign here in iowa with a statement of ten steps that i would take as president of the united states. I would like to restate those steps today. First of all, terminate right now all u. S. Military operations in Central America. We must stop embracing and arming these miserable military dictators who caused revolution in Central America in the first place. Secondly, bring our marines home in lebanon right now. Why this further delay and why the shelling of lebanese muslims and druze with whom we have absolutely no real quarrel. So lets put the marines on the ships today and start those ships back to the usa. How about that poem, jesse . [ applause ] fourth, with enough weapons already to utterly destroy the world many times over he, lets invoke the nuclear phrase right now and then go after the enormous waste in the pentagon procurement of weapons, other boondoggles in in that system. If we do that we could save 25 in president reagans current military budget. And fritz, thats the way to pay for these programs that you say people arent thinking about. Fifth, lets stop paying farmers 12 billion a year not to produce. Guarantee them a decent parity program. And then use the surplus to end hunger in this country and around the world. [ applause ] the remaining steps ill get to after i get to the white house. [ applause ] mr. Mondale. On february 20th the voters of iowa, the democrats will be the most powerful citizens on earth. Mr. Reagan has announced that hes coming to des moines that night. And i hope that youll all send him a very strong message while hes here. There are three objectives that must be achieved by the next president. The first is to elect a president who will use americas strength to lead this world toward safety. This president has led us in a way that the world is now as dangerous as its ever been before in the history of the world. No arms control talks. An arms race instead. The tragedy, the bloodshed in the middle east and Central America and all the rest. His leadership has made the world much more dangerous, and we cannot tolerate it. Secondly, his leadership has resulted has resulted in the deterioration of americas posture in International Competition. We are now in full and utter retreat. This will be the worst trade year in American History by all odds. Some 4 million americans have lost their jobs. It has been the worst thing to ever happen to the american farmer. And hes providing no leadership to restore competitiveness or to train the next generation. The third objective must be the restoration of a fair nation. In a radical way this president is trying to teach us to disregard our fundamental sense of fairness. And the average American Family in every conceivable way has been asked to bear the full burden of these unfair and uncaring policies. We must beat mr. Reagan. Im convinced i can do it. Thank you, mr. Mondale. [ applause ] we will complete this round of Opening Statements with mr. Askew. Its no accident that Ronald Reagan is in the white house. And hell stay there unless we democrats have the political will to be candid with the American People. Our party has lost touch with the mainstream, the middle class, the working people, small busine business, and with the forgotten majority of the American People. And now were allowing a few within our party to dictate the choice of our nominee for president. Im the different democrat. Im reaching beyond those few to speak for the forgotten majority. I speak for those who want america to live within its means. I speak for those who want both a Strong Defense and arms reductions. I speak for those who want jobs and profits and opportunity and a competitive economy that doesnt have to rely on domestic content or other forms of undue protection. I speak for those who value both the potential of life before birth and after birth. And i speak for those who want a president whos willing to be different, whos willing to risk losing some votes so you can get there the right way, so that you can governor on behalf of all the people. I speak for those looking for real leadership, that can deal release t realistically in the real world. Thank you, mr. Askew. [ applause ] for the next hour the candidates are going to question one another. Prior to the debate each candidate drew the names of three others and prepared questions for threes three candidates. I will call the order of this questioning as determined by those drawings. I remind the categories that the question should be brief and to the point. No speeches, please. Answers will be limited to two minutes. The first question from mr. Glenn is for mr. Cranston. Alan, there are those who are trying to make our vote on the august 1981 tax bill a litmus test as to whether or not were real democrats. We lost the white house and the senate back in those days. Do you feel less a democrat for supporting a change in the nations Economic Policy at that time . No. But frankly i wasnt seeking the change that we got. I voted against kemproth every time we had a vote on, that 12 times. I voted for the final passage of the bill that had kemproth in it, we couldnt defeat it, because it had some Good Measures in it. Like reducing the marriage penalty. Like i. R. A. S. There were some good things that i thought outweighed the bad. As it turned out the deficit got totally out of hand because of that tax cut along with the huge increase in military expenditures. And i now think that tax cut was that vote was a mistake. But what weve got to do is look to the future. What do we do about what reaganomics turned out to be . And i think what we must do is restore taxes on welltodo people not now paying their fair sure. We should close loopholes like the loophole that permits people to have a tax shelter by buying a farm and then not farming. We should get americans back to work. So theyre paying taxes and dont need entitlements and dont need assistance, thus revenues go up and expenditures go down. Thats the way to cut entitlements. Not cut out what people need but cut out what they dont need what theyre back at work. Thats the way to save there. Get down Interest Rates. If we cut Interest Rates from 12 to 6 wed knock 50 billion off the deficit. Finally, get the arms race off our backs. Ronald reagan wants to suspend 2 trillion in the next five years on military matters. I dont believe we can do that and balance the budget anytime soon. I dont believe we need to do that to protect ourselves. We are the strongest nation on earth now. We dont need to squander our money in the arms race when it deprives us of what we need for democracy needs. Our next question will be from mr. Jackson for senator hollings. Senator hollings, in these debates theres an awful lot of focus on what the government can or cannot do, should or should not do. Were talking about a 900 billion, 930 billion public economy. Its a 3 trillion private economy. Almost no focus on corporate accountability or industrial integrity. Take our tax dollars and close plants on workers without notice. Or they replace robert with robot and make us feel guilty about losing our jobs on the one hand. Or they engage in Chemical Warfare on the American People, acid in the rain, contaminate our water and our straepz. If you were president what would you do with the industrial integrity and accountability . Right to the point, jesse. I think the first thing to do [ laughter ] ill answer your question on the environmental end. Of course i have the bill in with senator mitchell relative to acid rain. With respect to the industrial integrity, robots, we are moving to a technological age. Were not going to stop that Technological Development because we are competing in an International Competition and every one of these great modern industries right here in iowa know that. But what we realize is that were competing with those pay scales offshore. We need a trade council just like we have a National Security council to correlate our trade effort and give us a fair chance to compete somewheone mentioned roosevelt, in order to keep the banks open he closed the doors in order to save the farmers he planted under the crops. We might have to raise a barrier to give our steel and basic industries a chance to compete. But the real bottom line of it all is about those closing of plants, were causing it. This crowd right here in washington. We babble along on 200 billion deficits as far as the eye can see. Worse than an arms race. Weve got a spending race going on between republicans and democrats. Ronald reagan doesnt want to do anything about it. Hes asked for another 100 billion increase in the budget he submitted last week. The democrats are dancing around the fire. But if we could just get a hold of ourselves, we can get that white house back. And the way to do it is just reenact last years budget, where no one would really suffer, it would be a shared sacrifice. Then theyd quit closing, talk about corporate integrity, get back to political integrity. Then theyd start closing stop closing those plants down, reemploying, and their recovery would be complete rather than tapering back at the president time. He. Thank you, senator. Our next question will be from mr. Askew for reverend jackson. Reverend