cause its root, root, root for the home team if they dont win its a shame for its one, two, three strikes youre out ballgamed mr. Raffertyosaki good how is everyone . Good. Good. We have talked about a lot of things. We have talked about religion, we have talked about gender, we started going into sports. It is no lie, my favorite happens to be baseball. That is probably why i signed this deal. But we are talking about social forces. And baseball happens to be one of the greatest social forces, in my opinion, in american society. The institution of baseball, the game, what it represents for instance, when people see the number 42, what did they think . What do they feel . What do they believe . Why was it retired throughout baseball in 1997 . No man will wear this number again. What did it mean for Jackie Robinson, for blacks across the the 1955 world series . This was against the great battery, to future hall of famers. He stole home. To put this in perspective, during the 2000 majorleague a base. Only 18 times was it home plate. Did blacks make an impact in the mlb . Theyen 1950 and 1970, integrated faster won more. You tell me. I have here an image. It is Martin Luther king. We have spoken about him as being a great civil rights proponent. And everything that he did. The three gentlemen on the bottom were his inspirations. You have a catcher, a pitcher, and Jackie Robinson. Martin luther king says john newcombe, you will never know what you, jackie, and roy did to make it possible for me to do my job. This is great irony in baseball. Sport, where generations of fanatics continuously argue about who was the best player and at what position and how do we compare todays steroid induced players with those from years past, there are a few ways to quantify cultural and social importance to the united states. Walt whitman said, i see great things in baseball. It is our game. It is americas game. Jackie robinson said, a life is not important except for the impact it has on other lives. Al gallagher said there are , three things in my life which i really love, god, my family, and baseball. The only problem, once baseball season starts, i changed the think about this. When world war ii began, the commissioner asked fdr if you if he wanted to suspend the baseball season for the duration and this was for the duration fdr responded, i honestly feel it would be better for the country to keep baseball going. There would be fewer people unemployed and everyone would work longer hours. And harder than ever before. That means they ought to have a chance for recreation, and for them taking their minds of their work even more than before. Baseball was such a sense of escapism, and it brought people together. It is truly as george wells stated, baseball is only a game, true, and the grand canyon is a hole in arizona. Not all holes or games are created equal. The game can evoke such a series for example, the brooklyn dodgers and their owner, walter omalley, decided it was time to leave. And so they left for los angeles, and it broke the hearts there are still people to this day who remember walter omalley, who agreed that october 1957 meeting between the teammates who discussed the article called the 10 worst human beings who ever lived. They agreed each writing the three worst down on a napkin, and each man had the same three names. One, adolf hitler. Two, joseph stalin. Three, walter omalley. This is the power of baseball. This is what i believe is the social force. Baseball, much like american back in the 19th century. We do remember Jackie Robinson for what he did and the legacy he left the hind, the fact he but he left behind, majorleague in the modern era. Baseball had the chance to integrate in the 19th century. Yes, there was a gentlemans agreement made by the National Association of Baseball Players as early as 1867. But two men in particular broke the color bar. First, we have bud fowler. Who played for a team in lynn, massachusetts. We will talk a lot about massachusetts and its conflict with race a lot. He played as a member of the international league, and as a member of the new england association. His career was shortlived. He only pitched three games and one game with new england, but the door had been opened. Fleetwood walker, and he became an accidental pioneer. He played for the toledo blue stockings, and this team was not a member of what we would in 1884, toledos team was elevated to majorleague status as part of the american association, the predecessor of the american league. Walker, it is important to understand, was the son of the runaway slave. He grew up in mount pleasant, ohio. A town that serves as a station for the underground railroad. He attended oberlin college, a progressive and integrated institution since 1834. He himself grew up in an integrated society. And when walker played, he did so with love and passion for the game. He played in 42 games. He played at the dangerous position of catcher, which at that point, there were no he hit. 263, but by years end, he was forced to leave the team. This was the continuous trend for blacks trying to play on these integrated teams. A big problem and a big reason was because of probably the greatest moneymaker and advertiser for the game of baseball, cap hanson. He helped draw the color line in baseball that existed from 1887 to 1947. Before a game against newark, he reportedly said get that n off the field. He was clearly a racist and one of the most vocal opponents of the inclusion of blacks in the game. But blacks continued to play baseball, and they formed their own teams and later on their own league. Team called the cuban giants. They formed in new york as part of the argyle restaurant. They were waiters. Thing is, the giants became a major name. Cuban exgiants, i think you understand. The giants, for some reason, he comes a name associated with africanamericans. The reason they chose cuban was to try and hide the fact they were black. They were trying to say, no, we are latinos. But people knew. People knew they were black, and so this was a black team. They would go and play against white pro teams, other black teams. That is what was going on here. The trend continued into the 20th century, especially during migration when blacks moved to urban centers en masse. 50,000 between before 1915. We talked about this in the first wave migration. Especially between 1910 and 1930. You have the explosive growth. That is why they became urban centers. Centers, blacks in northern, midwestern, and later southern urban areas created black run teams. The Negro National league was founded in 1920. They created the Eastern Colored League in 1923. It is not as though they were trying to help one another. In fact, they hated one another. They were trying to have the best league associated with them, right . And so, for black entrepreneurs, it became a matter of trying to bring in the most fans possible. We will do whatever it takes to there was a bitter rivalry between those men. Their teams met for the negro world series, each one winning once. Both of these leagues existed of the great depression. But understand, this was the foundation. And by 1932, you had men like greenlee revitalizing the lake. These two men hated one another. Both would raid each others teams and try to get the best players money would buy. You had some of the best baseball money could buy. Gus greenlee put together a team that featured five hall of famers. This is what we were talking about. Charismatic, charming, she is the only woman elected to the National Baseball hall of fame. She also organized the new york general manager along with her husband, and took over. She was responsible for putting together the incredible milliondollar infield, featuring Ray Dandridge and leon day. These are some of the most exceptional players of alltime, and she is chiefly responsible for bringing them there. It is not that she didnt use her charm and sexuality to do so. It is said when she signed them, she was wearing a bright red dress, and that is how the signing would happen. But understand that the negro leagues were supported for blacks by blacks. Owners, but these were men and women who made it possible. What did you gather from the yes, mary . I thought they must interesting part of the article was when they were talking about tricky baseball and stealing bases and bunting and how that primarily started in the black baseball leagues, because it is something so ingrained in what makes baseball interesting. I think it is cool that it started with the negro league. Mr. Raffertyosaki with tricky baseball, we have what is called small ball. This has been associated with the national league, much more so than the american league. I also thought that it was the women in order to attract crowds to the baseball fields, they had to some of the africanamerican teams adopted crowd baseball where they put on evolved into the harlem globetrotters. It is interesting because women also had to do that, how women had to exploit their sexuality to get people to come to the stands and it worked. It worked for them as well. I think of the clown ethiopian team. I cant remember where they were from, but a lot of the other africanamerican teams were upset they were doing that. They said, we are Baseball Players, not clowns. It did work to get people there. Mr. Raffertyosaki and this is true. We have to remember, baseball is supposed to be a form of inner form of entertainment as well as sport. It was not just enough for them to play baseball, they had to make it interesting as well. Emily . Where they talk about doing that. One guy is like, no, i am not doing that. People are against it, and they dont want to keep selling out. I warned you, this one is going to be up. [indiscernible] mr. Raffertyosaki what did you see in that clip . You saw when the well but not doing any entertaining. Where all the white folks were booing them. Where they had to do something to separate themselves. To make it seem like, we are clowns having a good time, even though they are better Baseball Players than the white folks, in order to for in order to call me white crowd. They are just these clowns, we will not take them seriously. They had to be find a balance between good Baseball Players and also being clouds so they wouldnt be booed off the field. Mr. Raffertyosaki absolutely. And this creates a problem. What do you think . I think it is interesting tries to graduate it even more by saying, this is what we black folks do. And then the other character is not wanting to be [indiscernible] there are on completely different sides. I dont know that much about that film, but if most people felt the same way he did. Mr. Raffertyosaki he is buying into it because it is part of our agency. We know the difference. If these white people are too ignorant to figure that out, then it is their own fault. But yes, we are incredible Baseball Players. But to support ourselves and make sure we do not get tarred and feathered, they can play a role. Emily . It doesnt really matter, we know what the truth is when we are playing. We will get more money. And we dont have to worry about that. To him, it is worth it. As the movie progresses, i it is the difference to the between the white and the black league, they talk about the negro league because the negro league ended up trying to shut this team down. Mr. Raffertyosaki yes . It is also similar, i keep going back to women in baseball, but it is not enough to just be good athletes. So much of baseball was a class issue. With women in baseball, they had to uphold their femininity and maintain their class. It was a middleclass white baseball league. They had to find this balance between maintaining their and being athletes. It is similar in this case, maintaining their class as a lower class in this time, and trying to balance between that class was by being goofy and everything that they were doing. Upset the white folks very much. Mr. Raffertyosaki we will talk about women in baseball in a few minutes. As for this film, when they are talking about sally, he was the manager and part of the negro league. What he was trying to shut down this team, because this independent organization being formed by players. It is a matter of class as well, because the ownership, they were entrepreneurs and they wanted to make as much money as possible as well. They could only play certain players and a certain amount of money in exchange for their entertainment value. The other side with the owners, they rag on her all the time and say she shouldnt be here. She makes a good point. She is a great character. It shows how disrespectful people were against her. She puts up with it and does not take their crap, and it is great. Mr. Raffertyosaki there is definitely an element of sexism involved in baseball. It is portrayed in this movie. Grief for being a female owner. Going back to the article, i thought something really bad to me, something good in baseball. I didnt agree with what they were doing. Really impressed with how he was always trying to prove himself to the white folks. And when they had the and let the public know [indiscernible] 2 3 of the time, they won those games. Mr. Raffertyosaki from this clip, you saw a barnstorming team. This happened all the time. This happened with organized teams in the legs. They did not play all their league games, because it was more profitable to play against white teams. But sometimes to play against white teams, you had to play the role. And there are those black players who viciously disagreed with the idea of playing a role. But there are those who thought and this is the idea of black agency again, remember . We are just playing a role and we understand we can accept that. Back their own heritage and, in a way, they were consciously understanding that they were doing so. And yes, there were situations when there were players against for example, i found freedom and democracy here. Something i never found in the united states. Here in mexico, i am a man. He left the new york eagles to play integrated baseball in mexico, not in the united states. Equality south of our border. Interestingly enough, i like that last statement. I am a man. So often, we talk about the idea of masculinity, what it means to be a man. He found it outside of the united states. He has made many contributions to the game, both in the united states, in cuba, as well as and central america, i should say. He was one of the men who went down there. His nickname down there was el diablo. They also make contributions to games in the u. S. In the article, they talk about the kansas city monarchs, and they had the portable lighting system. These were the first night games that were played. Were turning back to bud fowler. Back in the 19th century. He played second base as well as pitcher, and he realizes people were sliding into him hard. So he made rudimentary shin guards to protect himself. And they had someone hit one too many times, so he took a coal miners helmet and wore it at the plate. Kind of like a modern day batting helmet . Yeah. Inside and outside the game. I ask you again, with the signing of robinson, what does it represent . It was a watershed moment. It defied years of segregation. Stated of josh gibson, the legendary catcher who possibly hit over 800 home runs and supposedly the only man to hit a baseball out of yankee stadium, she said gibson was worth 200,000. In 1939, mind you, if he were white. He and so many others never had the opportunity to play in the major leagues. We can sit here and wonder what wouldve happened if they did. Josh gibson is known as the black babe ruth. Imagine if he had played. Would babe ruth be known as the White Josh Gibson . It represented years of playing. And this was brought before, against white teams and 3 of the time. Allstar games started up in chicago that outdrew white audiences in the white allstar games. Years of tricky baseball that it represented also part of american society. It represented a breakage from the black men and women who were and lynched between 1882 1968. It represented the works of so many men throughout the negro league. Is our kind of evidence that the sky was the greatest ever to step on the pitchers mound. But what didnt stand out is that he brought the attention of cynical but reporters in a the segregated world of negro baseball that eventually led to that world being integrated. Mr. Raffertyosaki 1948, and 42 question whether he was 48. You might have been older. He might have been older. He pitched his last game in 1965, when he was 59. Three shutout innings against the Boston Red Sox. The guy was an absolute phenomenal athlete. As you heard there, he was a charismatic individual, and he really was one of the main reasons why Jackie Robinson had the opportunity to play. But just because integration happens, it doesnt mean it ended racism at all. Four years after Jackie Robinson broke in, here is a death threat. We will kill you if you attempt to enter the ballgame. 1951, Jackie Robinson received racism wasnt dead. Integration mattered. Racism was still there. Let us not forget that there most important might have been the man who integrated the american league. This was six weeks after Jackie Robinson made his appearance. The biggest difference was larry doby didnt have the years of training and the minor leaks. He went directly from the Newark Eagles to the cleveland indians. In he became the first black to 1948 win the world series. This is a very famous image. What do you think . What do you see . Smiling. [indiscernible] camaraderie. The feeling that there is no difference between the two of them, they are just happy they won. That they dont care about the color. Mr. Raffertyosaki because they just want a world series together. One of the two black newspapers Margaret Mckenzie of, along with the chicago defender, wrote that that picture of gromick and doby with unmistakable flesh cheeks pressed together. Equally wide grins. The chief message of this image is acceptance. It is capable of washing away with equal skill long, pent up hatred in the hearts of men, and the beginning of confusion in the minds of young boys. Small boys, i should say. That is what that image a world series title by both a black and white team. Integrated baseball. Integration, though, was a long, drawn out process in baseball. Two of the greatest dynasties, my beloved new york yankees and my hated Boston Red Sox, did not integrate long until the second to br