Pieces. So it works both ways. Lets move on to Christine Fredericks. I want to make sure we talk about the new housekeeping. Ks. Christine frederick herself was it on not the first to hit on this idea of a household engineer. The whole professioncime economics is becoming more expert driven in this period. T thish is in the early 20th 0th ce century Home Economics class. Home economics will be7v . Z taught in schools as a subject. Did any of you take home ec . It the roodsts are in this period. Int its an area that was thought to be just something individual private household things passed ers to on from mothers to daughters. Think of the beacher sisters who were part of this in a way, too. Right . Talking about household management. But Home Economicshome as a field, of a professional domain, where there are experts, creating curricula, is a turn of the century kind of profession. Here again is that is not ristin christine efrederick, but who l somebody who looks a little bit like Christine Frederick. It takes on a more expert driven advice tone in the period. Advic this is Christine Frederick. Home management. Y note the titles that she uses household engineer and professional consultant. So one question we might pose here, i think its clear how h much frederick is indebted to pun someone like taylor, right . But how much has changed in the envisioning of the household, envisi sisters in the 1860s, right, to o this moment . Whats changed and whats remained the ]xlsame . Never nothing is ever totally a break from the past. Rebecca . Thist idea of the household make it as efficient possible. Effi saving timeci in every way and everything is planned out. But at the very end, i was very he interested when she said, this t thi is why this is so important and women are becoming mothers to go join the work force. Thats silly because housekeeping is so important. That reminded me a lot of the b beacher sisters. Yes. Ta it was kind of her taking these ideas but keeping the househ household keepingol intact. Very nice. Nice the end result is the same. The rationale for why you do it maybe is changing. Good. Katy . Were you going to Say Something . Str i was strucku by the contrast between the beacher sisters, putting so much emphasis on raising children and more or less and family and those kinds of things. And Christine Frederick is all about, like how to do like y. Its very focused on these, like, duties of the household but when she mentions raising children, its how to keep her children from getting in the waychores of her chores. It seemed like theyre almost like keeping her from cooking cooki and doing that stuff. Yes. Right. Interfering with her wellplanned day. She refersll top them interestingly the as the boy and the baby. Theyre just these stock characters, right . That shes able to have the baby baby play while shes doing her hand stitching and so forth. Fo she refers to them as almost yeah, very unidealized ways. I was impressed that her ed schedule included the children, hat sh so shee specifically had like an a hour or two every day to just hem sit and play with them, or watch them play while she did do in something else. But she incorporated them into her schedule, and it8 me of the beacher sisters. Them an example from an early age of ea systematic living. Yeah, rlyeah. Makes you realize that this is a i Long Development actually, ly thinking very consciously vely a reflectively about how the. Household run. Un it doesnt run on its own. O and there might be ways to to improve it. Now, the beacher sisters had a more kind of spiritual notion of it. Chri thanst Christine Frederick. You you can see them sort of talking to each other across time. Yeah matthew . Tman this is just the d 6iojry of housework, and wanting to make make it worthwhile, i guess, like i the i could see it would get bo kind of boring afterri a while, so you wanted to apply science to e it it, make it feel like youre doing something im not an saying housework is not an doing important thing to be doing. Eing i can see it would be an they unfulfilling thing to a lot of women. I think sheg uses the word drudgeify, and drudgery. Have. Some of this work is just tedious work right . Right . So why not put all this energy into speeding i tt up, cutting out some steps, right . If the dishes can be on the drain board wash them with hot water, theyll just air dry. You dont need to wipe them down with a cloth of questionable cleanliness. Right there,cl there are ways to plea system systemize. Also, it gets you morebu time to you do other things, right . Notice also in her schedule theres an every other week club date. Ate. Shes got these kind of social socia and more leisure activities a built into the schedule as well. Think about this in terms of this emerging consumer and and Leisure Culture that weve tha talked about in terms of living. I like the beacher sisters. She makes it clear that this household sphere is for women only. Like all of these tasks and schedules are allh about, like wo the woman and the mother. And in that way, its similar to the simil beacher sisters. Yeah. And like rebecca was saying like in that last paragraph, she says says basically the right place for the women is in the home and thats all. But but on the flip side, by using cienti thisfi scientific analysis and ing fo calling for standardization and conservation of energy, all this stuff, she kind of equates the womens sphere of the household ns sp as like a similar task and job of importance as things done outside the home. Yeah. Right. So the beacher sisters state that, right . At, that womens role takes as much management skill as a world leader. But actually, frederick is just doing it, right . Notice what she borrows, right, t from the factory . Ory. She talks about, well, men in the factories do r wsthis. Im also using this index card system on my wall. I borrowed this from my husband right . So theres this kind of lelism parallelism that shes sketching, which may be enough be e to keep women in the home to feel that their work is as professional, right asjcn ientif scientificic as requiring of scientific attention and care. Yeah . I think its interesting but maybe more subtle contrast between the two is maybe how deal they deal with housekeepers or mothers of different classes. Because in beacher, it was if you were f of greater means that you should be more philanthropic, and set up homes up for children, and use your money in terms of philanthropy. But in frederick she uses the efficiency as an equalizer. She on page 41 she said a strong as mo reason is are tool is more omen c efficient anmethods. Um when someone can afford a vacuum motor o cleaner or other excellent tool,f hundreds of thousands of women cannot. But any one of those thousands of women can reduce the drudgerydrunl of their work by better planning, more intelligent systemizing, and experiment with their work and how they do it. Beacher was how to spend your your e extra money, this is how you canou hav appear as though you have the ey same amount of money, or the andard same amount ofiz House Keeping standards. And gain theou rewards c of rewards science, no matter what your class. Thats exactly right. Its a very tayloresque argument, right . This is going to help everybody,out by cutting out the waste edgery cutting the. Drudgery, maybe ct. Getting to a final, Higher Quality of housekeeping. Theres instances where you feel youre almost reaching absurdity ha of the schedule. Which at the time was not think abou of ing of the work. Tech not just aboutni work and technical efficiency. I thought it was interesting that she singles out herself as herse a suburban housewife. Beforehand we talked about what ike its like for a woman in the city. But this is what suburban life is like, once you move out of the city. A its like a big contrast in her schedule versus anything that carries sister would have encountered just because of cation a location. And the development of suburbs as these and she talks about how anyone who lives in the s suburbs knows that you can have one anyone drop in on you and the social aspects of it. It. Good. An you know with a text like this,ike you do want to be really alert to those kind of social clues. She says things like, of coursecourse i could use the telephone. Ephone or i could call the driver. So you get a sense of her socialg c t hahp hc class. Also these kind of the infrastructure around her her o whats makingf this household run. Run. We learn even though shes perfected this laundering system, that someone else comes some in toon do the laundry. So this a household that is not vidual just the elm realm of the woman. I want to point to this specific place. Its its on page 100, the last page of this excerpt. Exce we do sense what is motivating frederick beyond the beauty of science. Rede a couple of you referred to it but lets just look at it. These same women, shes talking th about oh right the women who say, i dont want to run my n o home like an office or a it factory, i want it to be a home. D this dissidence of a home being a factory. i but these same women and hosts sts of of others are continually ut ho talking about home drudgery. N doing if they had been doing all theseuries home tasksin all these centuries in such a beautiful poetic way, what is it that women are s fleeing from household professions and into outside n work . Why are they eating del i ka re tess enmeals, and assuming the burdens of motherhood . Thats maybe the vision of urbanister woman, of sister carrie. Lazily refusing. You heard teddy roosevelt, not taking up the mantle of sters motorhood and duty. There is both the need for persuasive case, and the rewards of family itself or the spirit are not enough to keep women in women the home. The they have to be persuaded, right . This is a complex task. Its a scientific task. Ask. Its one very equal, right, of he the manager in the factory. Tayl like c÷ctaylor, you sense christinefreder frederick making an overt case wa for a break from old ways of t . Doing things. A break from the past tradition. Think aboutbo litman, the only loyalty should be to Going Forward, right . This all marks the modernist sort of thinkers, right . Theyre after the new, the novel, the better way to do things. That had been done from as they t put it time immemorial. Let me just show you really quickly, these are a couple of of the illustrations that actually appeared in fredericks book,┘ f1 o the wellch ordered kitchen. This one it always makes me eed think i need to go back into my kitche own kitchen and redesign right . Everything, right . On the right or the left. Ht you see those pathways. Think of time motion studies, right . This is the badly ground kitchen gro equipment. So that youup walk this messy the zigzag from the serving table to the Kitchen Cabinet to the and so forth. Heres thegr efficient grouping. E preparing route is a, clearing ri route is b. You get the clean motion of how is work is supposed to be done. All right. Lets talk about maybe an even more radical5 john b. Watson actually began his graduate education in philosophy. With none other than john 1d dewey. The another link to our other thinkers in the course. He almost invents the field of behaviorist psychology. A he looksnd at how animals were conditioned by stimulus response and moves on to people. And of course infants as we see here. Hell teach at Johns Hopkins for a time. Thats of course, modern kind of emblem of the modern avgof the university. But will actually be b forced out due to his divorce which was brought on by an affair by his c coauthor here one of his students. So not everything has [kbnchanged right . Heun could lose his University Position for his divorce his affair. He will become a popular expert a as well as a scientific expert on child rearing. But eventually also advertising. We might think about the links ke between stimulus response hese experiments with children, and the burgeoning field of advertising, like getting a consumer like carrie to respond to a dress, a hat, so forth. This is a psychological care of infant and child. New psychology in a new century. This is number 28. There are others today. Is he is, as i said a simplifier more like taylor than like freud. Erof freud had posited a darwinian thin battle within the person, in thehe mind mind between the conscious and subconscious. A mind that was always at war with itself. Hat f. Watson will have a very different view. Y and a different view from his mentor duey mentor dewey in conscious ways. Le he said all we have to go on is the way people behave and what they do. And the psychological insight and action. He called freudism voodooism, and will be a leader of the behav behaviorism. So watch and study behavior. Stimulus response with rats or with with children is the way that en is yothu build behavior. You use l rewards and punishments. And you can thereby build in instincts in children and habits. You can internalize things like a schedule. Li again, think about Christine Frederick and her schedule her sc babies. If you feed them atbaby the same time every day, thats what time theyll get hungry every day. If you put them down to sleep at the same time every day theyllsome be ready for bed the same time every day. Very popular at the time. You can sense the radicalism the shock of a piece of wrqk h r t hahp hc like this, right . Okay. If we make the argument, make the case that all cultures wh inventy psychologies why this psychology now . What is it about watsons visionision of child rearing that is of this time . Re and just a few photographs. This is anthis experiment the foets are really grainy . 5]p so i apologize. This is watson doing an fant. Experiment on the strength and grip of the infant. The infant is holding on to that bar there. And some of the still shots that appear in his book before conditioning the child with a white rat. These were little albert s. Experiments. He did a whole host of experiments with this one particular child and filmed them. Here you see albert, a kind of beforeandafter reaction. Once hes been sensitized to the furry rabbit, the creature. Katy, you were going to Say Something . The Scientific Method to child rearing, just like it like t would applyhe to the factory or frederick applying it to housework, like hes applying it to how you raise a child and d how people become scared of things things, or things like that . Yeah. A kind of blank slate here that hes working with. Matthew . What struck me about this, isostile how hostile he seemed to be at things, like mothers in general. Ong wi on page severe and more hostile to tradition than any of our other writers. Nobody has facts. Nobody knows how to be a proper parent. The world we be better off if we would stop having children for 20 years, except for those reared for experimental purposes. And then start again with the facts. I think what i found interesting was going along with this idea we have a field with a blank slate where we can start over is that through the other readings and through the readings for this section, we learned that with this industrialization, it is seen as i guess theres this under arch arching in the back of everyones mind of can we have this Perfect Society . Can we what struck me was he says how the work shows that all of the fears are acquired. It kind of gave me the idea of how at this time were wondering, can we erase fear can we live in a Perfect Society . By looking at these babies, can we find the way to raise perfect human. Yes. Right. It is a utopian kind of thinking, right . If you simply get children early chi enough, and yould have all this Laboratory Data gathered that we wipe out fear. Wipe we wipe out certain kinds of things that we thought were deeplar to instincts, or particular to particular people, right . This is what going envisioning human nature as a kind of blank slate leads you, perhaps. A yeah . He talks here about the entire time like parents, but t only talks about the mother, like nowhere in this does he mention the father. A fa but he keeps using like parents and parenthood. And i was waiting for where is the dad . Its an interesting that might capture something about whats new and whats old, t w right . The invocation of parenting meaning mother. In his experience in the 1920s, who was doing the parenting . It was the mothers almost in ever every instance, right . Yet he uses this more almost as an objective scientific term parent parenthood to talk about what he me means. Anness this kind of coexisting with the kind of habit and tradition, to think of the parent as the mother. Yeah, libby . Going back to matthews thought, i thought it was ent, i interesting how much h te disdainse the human instinct in favor of inct i hisn Scientific Method especially like the female human instinct. On 15, when hes talking about oman when the one realizes shes responsible for raising her child, hes basic like she would rather leave this burden bu anywhererd else, upon heredity. And like hes saying that the mother doesnt want instinctively to take on this burden. And teach he r child how to be the perfect child, or whatever. But she finally comes to accept omes t ito eventually. Yeah. Think back, this brings us really neatly in some ways back to litman. The friendly comfortable ing of feeling of believing that you b areel bigger than you are, more mo important than you are in the scheme of things. This is the critique of religion, right . This comfort of heredity for not taking responsibility for your for own active role in the world. Role i and that fits watson especially because the kind of action simple enough, that creates something as deep as fear is the pairing of furry rabbit withh a a hammering sound. Which he said is one of the only things that actually instinctively, like everybody recoils from. You if you pair those you create the fear of the animal, and then you create a whole lifelong deep fear of anything furry. Even santa claus he says. Ys. Matthew . What i found interesting is not just in this piece, but all he the ones that we read, that even though they seem progressive, they all seem to be staked in social social tradition. Good. Bit this might be a little bit of but in a stretch, but in this piece we just came out of the roaring 20s, and theres a huge desire liv8[ about what they wanted. What he talks about how if you give f you too much affection to your your child, they will be spoiled. I think thats why this was clung on so tightly because t