We are at the henry a. Sensor. Country life this is the birthplace of henry wallace. Or were three generations of wallaces. The patriarch was known fondly as uncle henry, and he was the founder of wallaces farmer magazine. His son was the u. S. Secretary under Woodrow Wilson and his son was born on this form in 1888. In 1888. S farm he was out by Franklin Roosevelt to serve as the u. S. Secretary of agriculture, which he did for and then he was roosevelts vice president. He is known for the agricultural was thent act, which first time farmers were asked not to produce. Ever is, people could not believe the things he was proposing regarding that, but as prices went up, they started to listen to them. Him todayll refer to as the genius secretary of agriculture. Experience and explore des s book iowa on cspan2 tv and American History tv on cspan3. Each week, American History tv sits in on classes with one of the Nations College professors. You can watch the lecture every saturday evening at 8 00 p. M. And midnight eastern. Next, Monmouth College history professor Stacy Cordery and her students discuss the ideals and goals that drove feminists and the Womens Liberation Movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The class examines several essays published by feminist writers at that time to explore the intellectual underpinnings of the movement. Monmouth college is in illinois. This class is about an hour. How are we doing . Good . Ok, awesome. All right, we are looking this week at the origins of the growth of the Women Liberations Movement in this primary documents freshman course. Our task is to understand the problems of the women involved something about the , identification they made with the problems of society and their solutions for them. Just to recap we began this as a snapshot of the 1950s. We had to know where we were starting so we could know where we were going. We spent some time investigating the africanamerican civil rights movement. At least as far as the Voting Rights act of we looked at the 1965. 1960 election of president kennedy and president johnson, a fair amount about vietnam from the view of the soldiers, protest, other groups. We included the conclusion of the vietnam conflict. We analyzed a statement written in 1962. We noted an emphasis on participatory democracy that is, people had to be involved in decisions that shape their lives, in this involve the rejection of hierarchy and topdown decisionmaking. We paid attention to the rise of the new left, young people dedicated to ending war, and racism. The document from wednesday from 1965. We discussed how that documents grew out of the frustration the the authors felt about the treatment of female workers along with male workers. Does anyone remember how they put it . The men worked all day long. The women worked all day long. But the men did what you go that the men did what . At the end of the day . This is when you get to talk. The women worked all day alongside the men, and then at the end of the day, what happened . The men relaxed . The men relaxed and the women had to continue to work as the cooks and they cleaned and the women said, that does not seem very fair to us. We looked in that document how the authors said that women should mobilize. They should learn how to trust themselves. They should see the world through their own eyes, not through the eyes of the men who dominated them and dictated to them and made the societal norms under which they were forced to live. In that document, king and hayden question institutions like marriage, child rearing patterns, divorce laws, and they suggested that all of this be given a rethink. We saw some of what they world what they were talking about on monday when we looked at the sex part of the sex, drugs, and rock n roll 1960s revolution. 1964. The civil rights act. Voting rights, the escalation of 1965, vietnam. Operation rolling thunder. Then the public began to see more and more resistance to the war effort. S, whichit headed by sd is getting larger and more anonymous. So, this is part of the context of your documents for today. As energy was devoted to the antiwar effort, sds was not interested in debating the kind of memo we read. You remember that men laughed at the memo, but that was the tip of the iceberg of the response women, who were to these lovers, brothers in arms, so the sense of unhappiness, but trail, sadness and sorrow, the invisibility these women felt made them feel taken advantage of and other things we will discuss in a few minutes. They discovered that they were not alone when they got together to discuss their feelings. In the lack of power, authority, respect etc. , was endemic , through other aspects of the new left and beyond. So, we looks at the 1966 statement of purpose from the National Organization of women. We looked at this as a call to action for equal access to jobs, education, and politics. The women of now were slightly older. They urged the equality of opportunity and responsibility in society. So, that called for a reexamination of marriage. They brought up these stereotypical treatment of women in the media. Now called for an end to sex discrimination. Then again, from the anger and sorrow and frustration and the awful sense of betrayal from these men, there was a very rapid rise of what was called the Womens Liberation Movement, the modern feminist movement. It went by different names. Through 1967, 1968, this is going to snowball. So, on wednesday, we looked at the protests of the miss America Pageant in 1968. We had some fun with their 10 points about that. So, now what were going to do is move from that document, that highlighted the stereotypes under which women in the 1960s labored to robin morgan, goodbye to all that. And i want to start by asking you, if you can begin by telling me where you see actual evidence of the hurt and betrayal i was just talking about. If we could turn to robin morgans goodbye to all that. Lets see if you can tell us where the hurt and betrayal is. Ms. Johnson . [indiscernible] she says goodbye to the weathervain. The first thing i wrote was weathermen . They talked about how the women had to go through sexual relations with each member. And then they talked about charles manson. She directly referenced sharon tate, who was murdered by the manson clan. I thought it was interesting that she went from to mary jo, and mary jo was the woman who was killed in the car accident as a passenger with ted kennedy. She did not really get justice, things like that. I thought it was interesting she went to the weathermen and drew a direct correlation to Popular Culture and things that were in the news at that time. That was awesome. Thank you. Great. Wonderful. Nothing like starting with the weatherman to get peopless attention. Starting far outside. Good. Who else has evidence of the hurt and betrayal . Mr. Downey . [indiscernible] the specific one i picked out was the liberal coercive masks worn by real nice guys we all know and like tom are right . Sort of defining himself as helping women, but really putting more pressure on them. Yeah, it is the guys we know and love, right . That is what she starts her document with, exactly. The liberal cooptive masks on the face of sexist hate and fear, worn by real nice guys we all know went like know and like. In that sense of betrayal is the sense these are men she has known better than anyone else. These are the men who are the source of this sexism that is so onerous and terrible. Good. Anybody else . Page 198 in the last paragraph she mentioned the idea of an amulet of madness. It is an object whose owner possesses it, it protects her in a way. An amulet of madness would be protecting them from becoming insane. They just want to snap and rip off the protection of the insanity by ripping off the amulet. Great. Do you all know what shes talking about . The amulet of madness. Protection against madness. But you know, madness is a term that gets applied to women, does it not . Women are crazy, insane. Or they go crazy once a month, right . This is part of it. You can get a sense that the sexism under which these women are laboring, it is making them crazy in that way, too, right . Good. Anybody else see evidence of betrayal or anger in this document . When she starts when she starts all of her goodbyes. The very first one, i thought it stood out to me when it says, the trouble with you as you are an aggressive woman. I can only imagine someone saying that now. I just think that is what she starts, gets everyones skin crawling. That is great. Your sense of you are an aggressive woman is an example of the more the stereotype, more the madness, more i am saying what i think and you are dismissing me as an aggressive woman. I should not have to get aggressive for you to hear what i say. Ok. I understand. Thanks. Anybody else . Ms. Johnson . Another thing that struck me about this document it says in the dark we are all the same, and you Better Believe it, we are all in the dark, baby. It is kind of like if you think about it, she is referencing sex and how you turn out the lights, and it does not matter what the woman is like because they are all the same in bed, i guess. But when she says, you Better Believe it, she is talking about their troubles and their problems and how they need to come into the light and be recognized by the rest of the population. Ok, good. I will take that. Good reading. Does anybody know what goodbye to all that means . Why this title . She uses this over and over again, does she not . To go down to the bottom . Anybody got any thoughts about that . This is 1960s speak. Anybody know . In the sense that all of these movements are still controlled by men, so we have to get rid of all of these institutions that are run by men, regardless of what they proclaim to be fighting for. They are still oppressing women. Ok, so goodbye to all that. Can we look together on page two . Start at the top. Ms. Casey, what is the first one . Maledominatedhe Peace Movement [indiscernible] goodbye to the maledominated Peace Movement, which we women are all a part of. Ok, what is the second one . Goodbye to the straight, maledominated left. What does that mean . They are celebrating women, but in a way they do not want to be celebrated. Oh, good. These are goodhearted men we know well who we think are on our side, and maybe they think that they are ok. They are the sympathetic men we saw yesterday at the 1958 miss america contest, right . Good. Lets see. Who else . What is number three . Anybody . Weathervain. That is where you started, right . Oodbye to the weathervain vain, she is spelling it. Anyone remember it sets women apart from women . Ok. Did any of you notice anything about womens involvements with other women as comrades in arms here . Anyone understand that in this document . A lot of sisterbrother talk. Sisterbrother talk. Ok. I think this goes back to part of what ms. Johnson pointed out, how we are in the dark, all the same. It is a snide right off of men, is it not . Iteoff of men, is it not . It does not matter what she looks like. In the dark, it is a woman, it is a body. In the dark, we are all the same. We all share the same pain. Goodbye to all that. What sets women apart from other women. What would she be talking about . What sets other women apart from other women that we have seen in the movement before . Anybody know . Other thoughts, ideas, opinions . Say again . [indiscernible] how does that set women apart from other women, or against other women . Different viewpoints. Ok, i see where youre going. The oldfashioned way to view. The traditionalist versus more contemporary thought. Ok. Good. You have the traditional housewife who chooses to do what her husband tells her to do, and you have women who have decided they want to be heard and they are not going to live a traditional life. So, youre putting women against women in that sense. Ok, very good. We see echoes of this today. When, you know, what is a woman supposed to do when she has small children . She is supposed to stay home with them. No, she should put them in daycare. No, she should stay home with them. No, she should put them in daycare. Arent there other ways that women are opposed to women though . Mr. Perez, hang on. Hold that thought. Ok, go. I think about women who are silent it was one of the first documents we talked about in the beginning. Women who are silent and women who speak up . Is that what you mean . Yes. Ok. Good. I am thinking of a really obvious one. On the first page, fourth paragraph in the middle, she mentions whether you are white, black, brown, race, income, class, differences in women. Lets put this aside. Excellent. We have seen African American women and white women in trouble before in the movement. Im just thinking, what sets women against women. You got the obvious [indiscernible] playing women against each other based on physical appearance. Like their beauty . Oh, my gosh. Were thinking of a whole bunch of ideas. That is a good one. Thank you. Men . Farr thank you thank you how about women competing for men, right . I really like all of the other competitions you all caps do you have another one . There are are women who crumble and submit to that well. Ok, good. Goodbye to all that. This sets women apart from other women. At the bottom of the paragraph, goodbye to the illusion of strength when you run hand in hand with your oppressor. What does that mean . That one may not be so easy to get. The illusion of strength when you run hand in hand with your oppressors. We talked about before how in this document she mentions there are those men out there that think they are liberating women, but in reality they are oppressing them. It is those men who are siding with the women, but in reality some of those men realize they are not really helping them at all. Could be. Yes. We talked about institutions and how it is not men you oppress women, but institutions run by men. I think with women participating in these institutions, theyre kind of going with what they are doing, and it was also they think the man is going to stand up for them, but in reality, he is the one who puts her down. Ok, that could be. That is simpler. I think this is simpler. This is a simple thing. Would you like to try it . You think you have strength because he is keeping her close, but she is following what he wants her to do. Maybe. That is were you get the strength, being together, but he is putting you in his control. Ok, i think youre close. Ms. Casey . It is an illusion of strength if you are with that oppressor, that is the only reason youre strong. You are with that man. With them in what way . Always. What relationship with . What do you mean . I think were talking about the strength you get because you are with a particular person of status. Did your high school operate this way . Whoever dated i dont know, the captain of the football team, didnt she have status because she was dating him . Yes, sort of, yes, maybe . I think this is what were talking about. I think we are talking about you are running hand and hand with your oppressor. Women of this era complained about the fact that the only way they had authority or power or status was because they were the one connected to the leader of the group. Your status is derived from your oppressor. Dworkin is going to write a great book in a couple years called rightwing women, and this is going to be part of what she talks about, how your status comes from the one you are with. Ok, goodbye to the hypocritical double standard, at the bottom of 196. Does anybody have something that stands out, that summarizes it all for you . Mr. Yates . Her entire tone is frustrated. She is done with all of the oppression. She is done with all that. Goodbye to all that. Yeah. One of the parts that stood out me, 197, sexism is not the fault of women, and it goes on, kill your fathers, not your mothers. Which just like to me was surprising. Kill your fathers, not your mothers. It is surprising why . Because, i mean, that paragraph sets up how i am blanking. Ok. You hope they do not mean that literally, but lets put down the men to stand up for the women. I think were talking about tossing them off their podiums, is what she is talking about. Not really kill. She is not saying to murder your fathers or your mothers. On page 198 it is the god of revolutionary feminists to build an ever Stronger Movement so sisters on counterfeit, counter left will have somewhere to turn. Use their power and rage and beauty and coolness on their own behalf or whats, on their own terms, other own issues, their own style, whatever that may be. What you think we are saying here . Does that strike anybody, that section . [laughter] i love it when you look like you have never seen those words before either. Where is that . 198. This is one of the most famous parts. This is the first document where we have seen the phrase Womens Liberation Movement, capital w, capital l, capital m. So the sisters in captivity, counter left, shes attacking again the new late the new left, will have somewhere to turn. Look at the agency. Remember the now document said that women needed to have the quality, but it was very insistent that women use their own talents. It was part of their duty to society to put them to use. Use their own power and rage and beauty and coolness on their own behalf instead of foods . Whose . Men. Men. That is right. All right, she says, further down, she says, we are an oppressed people, but a people raising your consciousness. Our consciousness. That will be a big phrase of this era, consciousness raising. Raising our consciousness of something that is the other side of anger, something that is bright and smooth and cool like action. We keep hearing the word action in these documents. What is this document calling for . Bottom line, what does robin morgan want here . A voice for women. Ok, a voice for women. Very good, miss casey. [indiscernible] with no outside in from the male population. This notion of womens agency, womens voices, womens everything being used on behalf of women, yes, good. Of the women, by the women. That has a nice catch to it. That was good. She actually quotes power to all people or power to none. So, in the same way, when the racial bigotry is going on, you have womens liberation, and they feel if they are not equal with men, there is no equality anymore. The good. I asked you to think about stereotypes you see in here. Anyone pick up stereotypes about women here anyone pick up stereotypes about women here . Yes . She says we are the