Of abraham lincoln, established the emancipation proclamation, and also the birthday of web 23ois, april 23 february in massachusetts. My wife was pregnant with our second child, and she went into labor february 22. So i said dear, if you have this child tonight, he will be born on toward washingtons birthday. If you hold out a couple of hours, you will have dubois baby. You can imagine what she would say to your husband 10 or 15 years down the road. She called me, but he was born on february 23, so you have a dubois baby. There is no person exhibit five the struggle struggle of freedom that exemplifies the struggle of freedom more than web dubois. He became famous for the many rights. Lets look at his life and his sayings. His early years, born in great barrington, massachusetts. He was born there, he is born to a mother and father. His father alfred left the family not long after he was born. Alexander was of haitian background, he spent some time in domingo and ran a story and great barrington. His grandfather had some going back to hasty haiti, we just dont know. Some mixture, german somewhere along the line. When i asked him what was his makeup, you said, i am a little german, little french, little haitian, a little dutch, but thank god no anglosaxon. What do we mean by that . Anglosaxon were the original people that traded in slaves. We can see a bit of his early life, the early life and the early years of dubois then. Published a, he work in england. People wouldook take a door to door. As a young boy, he read this i were six times. It was like in a cyclopean chronicle. He went from page to page reading the history of the world, history of the ancient world. And it stayed with them. And great barrington, there were no other blacks. Maybe one or two other families. So very early he became attuned to the study of books. He did not want to let his mother down. She wanted to educate herself her son. In a school with many white people, he excelled more than others. And you know how it is with children. People accept each other. Races and cultures that really matter that much. It is how much you can play the game, how you can do the jump rope, how you can bring your mother cookies to school. So he never had a racist incident until he goes to school , and kids are passing out cards , like greeting cards. And this one girl would not exchange, except his card. Then he saw a racist tension. If you are africanamerican or spanish or some other ethnic minority who has come into this press, you most likely remember you had a racist incident. I remember the first time i did. My father and i were working, someone was driving in a pickup truck, and he said i smell a guard. Guard . What kind of people always going away from you, never coming toward you. So he early recognize that. It is good to recognize this early. O he excelled in school his mother told the story that he wanted german textbooks. He did not have the money to buy them. He would work in the morning in stores and things like that. , he wasnd lucas somewhat mentally challenged would be the word, best word. He had difficulty in learning, but they became best friends. His friends mother bought him a set of books. In this case, she did it for her son. He learned early on in german, people in town saw how talented this young man was, so they wanted to make sure he went to college. He was from great barrington, so he would want to go to harvey harvard. They took up money. People took up stories raise money for him to go, but not to harvard. They could accept him as a smart black man, but not to a premier institution. So he went to Fisk University in tennessee, and he excelled. He had never been down south in his early years. It became very important to him. He left and went to Fisk University. , theis Livingston Hall main hall on the campus. Even when i went there, many, young man later, a can walk out, they can never go into the dome because it was all girls. Fisk became famous for the jubilee singers. The group opened in 1966. , thes we talked before office, the modern version of the negro spiritual. And the choir traveled across the world and saying many songs. Sang many songs. We will come back to that in a moment. But at fisk, he learned something he had not seen before. He went down south, and even to other parts of tennessee, and there for the first time he saw. Overty poverty of his people blacks they could not read and write. People Walking Around barefoot. Hes a people that had to wash their clothes outside with the boards. Hes of your experience of people, none who have ever gone to school, and as we told black folks to read about a young folk named joe and others. In fisk, he excelled. He finished in a fouryear course in two years. Then he applied to harvard and was accepted, where he was encouraged in rigorous study here. He study with the great philosophers of American History. One of the great historians of america, when the first great ones of the 19th century in harvard, he taught dubois the importance of learning facts and writing well. James, he wrote in hishe won a prize senior year. He wrote it about Jefferson Davis and the rise of slavery. Tom there, he applied graduate school, but first he wanted to go to germany. He wanted to go to germany for several reasons are you first , onese of another school could learn empirical knowledge. Movieybody seen the kodiak . He said, show me a fax, and i will interpret it myself. The quakers says, i dont need the word of the preachers. I will find out for myself. Dubois was very much this. He wanted to be a doctor in germany. At homburg university. But his german peers resented him because he was smarter than them. They protested, and he did not get a doctorate there. At the same time when he was in germany, he had different feelings. He saw the racism of his fellow students, but in germany, he sees something different. He does not experience that racism. He talked about the dualism of things. In germany, of course, it was economics at homburg university. And trading economy is the betterment of ideas based on the attitude of people. And karl marx later on in this period of economic structures to understand the modern world using theories and the dialectical. Weve talked about before. In the context of race and pan german is him, he saw the race as a positive force in history. A negative. Was not he wanted to explore that. He came back to look at that. After he left germany, he went back to harvard and completed his doctoral studies. In his last years as he is writing, he takes a job at another university. Job in otherget a places. They taught classics and modern language. I mean greek and latin. He also taught silence science and biology. He was a young man in town, and of course he was wearing the top hat as a german wood, threepiece suits all the time, spats on his shoes. He is invited to dinners almost every night, and he is a young man. So he is thinking maybe about marriage or his future. So he sees these young ladies, everyone inviting him to dinner, so he made two lists. On one list was the young women who could speak french, whatever, could cook, serve tea instead of [indiscernible] and on another list, those who had children. So he had one woman on both. , butwill sound a bit silly on the list, this is the woman with the name of [indiscernible] her and he married later had children. In the process of doing this, he finished the doctoral thesis at harvard. This is a classic. What this study did more than any other, andybody developed a list documentation about the way the slave trade worked in each and every state and where slavery comes from in other regions, the first time it had ever been done. It shows imperial knowledge and going back to the colonial constitution. Knowledge. L in American History, there are many schools of this. To nasher school only took preserve americas history. Was to reflectal that deal of british imperialism , and later on the Progressive School which sought to include africans in the equation. So he wrote this book. They came out in the harvard series. It became a classic in its own 1683 17 trade, the slavery in the 1908. America continues to the civil war. Wilberforce how he finishes the study. And becomes dr. Dubois. He applies for other jobs. Wilberforce will not let him go. But he liked concerts and museums. He applied for jobs, and lo and behold, he got a job in philadelphia. In philadelphia got a job working on a study of the city. What it was to do was to study the place of africans in the africanamericans in that city to look at the economic aboutions and get an idea them. It begin the first empirical social work of its time. It is the spirit of what we call urban sociology. Ward,d i word ward by you have heard of in new orleans where the ward, the lower ninth. He went to the eighth ward and spent hours and hours. Here is a man a chance to all the greek languages and empirical learning, and he goes door to door should be for people doing it, but they only have one. So he went map to map interviewing people, and it set the stage for what we see now with modern interviews, as you know, when people want to see the type of people who are going to vote, they do it. Now they can say workingclass whites are voting for donald trump. South,americans in the they can look at the numbers and say many will go for mrs. Clinton. They can go for two vermont and other places go to vermont and other places. Dubois was the first to do this ward by ward. There was a book called the philadelphia negro. The base great tributes to people before. He educates the blacks in philadelphia. Modernn became the founder of the antislavery movement. But do boy dubois found the first school, Continuous School for blacks in philadelphia. The african free school. And the other books, slave asian , suppression of slave trade revolution was put forth to call for an end for slavery in america. So here the greatest appreciation for that. He had the greatest appreciation for that. Next year, he got work in atlanta, georgia. He was in sociology and empirical studies. He taught greek and latin. Namee taught under the burkart. That was his mothers name. Anybody watch the Eddie Griffith show . Andy griffith show . Gomer pyle had that name. In this case, it was a northern name. ,ou can see the kind of dress looks like a young girls dress. That is the way of the victorianstyle. Dubois is a rematch of victorian. He child is six sick note atlanta dr. Will help him. It had been common up until the late 60s in some places. Late 1860s in some places. His son died of disease which could he have easily been cured of. Is written onrks the passing of the firstborn. In his book the black folks. We will come to that. He noticed other things, other tragedies occur. One of the tragedies i mentioned , he is walking somewhere, and theasses the place, and klan is on display. He comes apart he comes upon a jar. Instead of pickles, it is the eyes of a human being. I actually have seen mens body parts put in pickle jars outside n buildings. Kla it was a token of your oppression, the fear we have taken about. And he sees that. He starts documenting certain incidences. He was born in 1868. 291 blacks are lynched the year he is in atlanta in the 1900s. You can do the numbers lynched. We are talking about lynching before. Researchued scientific , he gets a post at work to begin a study of the american negro, as you said. He did it with murray, an printer from a prestigious family, who is at the library of congress. Hes on putting together exhibits of the achievements of africanamericans. And manygraphs has hes of scientific is at the paris exposition, he wears the clothes he has worn in germany, top hat, threepiece vest, pocket watch, very much of victorian. As he is there, he uses series ,o consternation and chastise which we have spoken about. We have spoken of the cotton states exhibit a few years before, which was a famous saying, cast on your vote where you are, cast down your bucket. Put up your hands and operate in two ways in all things economic. They can be as one, but in all things social, they will be the five fingers. We know there is nothing like separate but equal. But he was not john jennings, and we will speak a bit about his book on the paris exhibit. In 1903, he publishes his magisterial work called the negro bible. Deskcomes the permanent preeminent voice. He writes for dial magazine and atlanta monthly. Any look in the book and you look in the book, you see something unique. He sees a negro spirit, and then you will have a problem on the , something of dubois in his own words, very much like this. You see the poet on one side. Kingoet was one that dr. Always read. This was by James Russell lowell , the great poet. Wrongst famous lines are doing on the throne, but the scaffold is behind them unknown. Keeping watch above his own. And of course, king used to that. Devil on the throne. What does that mean . True devil and a scaffold . What is a scaffold, just off your head . If you are an artist, you know what a scaffold is. The framework. It is something you stand on. It is something i used to work on on ships. I would go out in the ocean, and there was a scaffold. It is cheaper to work on an ocean ship. A ship out in the ocean. Men and women go up on a scaffold, and you want to paint, they dont do it now, but if they were painting a building and is made of hard plaster, men would go on a scaffold and paint. If you want anyone watching would paint the sistine temple, they have to go up and lay on their backs. Michelangelo lay on his back for a long time. So what is he saying . True devil and a scaffold represents who . Who did the scaffold represent . Every working man and woman. The throne represents what . Up with your hands. The high and the mighty, the king, the ones whose works you must always solve. But the truth will last forever, and our lives will standalone. These famous words. So you think about the social black folks, the dual this of people. Dualness of it became known as the nigra negro bible. It was deeply spiritual, and that played credit with some of the negro spirituals before you. And you can see the names of some of those if you look on the side, on the side there. Nobody knows the trouble i have seen, nobody knows the trouble i have seen. Anybody know the words. Nice song. Nobody knows but jesus. It was nobody knows like jesus. There is a difference between like and but jesus. Jesus, thatlike means somebody else does know the troubles. If you say nobody else but jesus, only jesus knows. If you say like jesus, you are saying other people can join you in the struggle, you have not given up. If you say but jesus, you only look for salvation of freedom in heaven. So steal away, steal away, steal away home. Steal away, jesus means what . To have an. But steal away home means to freedom. ,nd swing low sweet chariot carry me home, swing low sweet chariot. If you get there before i do, cap tell all the children i am coming too. It means if you get to heaven before me, you tell them what . But if you get freedom, it means i am coming after you. Use this beautiful turns. He wrote about the meaning of the spirituals. He called them sorrow songs. But he called them sorrow songs because they tell of death, suffering, and longing for the true word, mystic wanderings and hidden ways. Sorrow songs. F Frederick Douglass spoke differently. Areaid often, a people who oppressed, they sometimes think about i am happiest when i sing, but i can be sad when i sing. You look at the different songs. Blues, dot sing the they sing the blues when they are happy or sad . You usually sing the blues when you are sad. Ray charles, i got a woman right across town, she good to me, she give me loving and money too, nothing she wouldnt do. Is he sad . He will only do it one time, and that is when his wife catches him. He has the blues. Sometimes you listen to countrywestern music, which i do on sunday morning because it is good. Nothing but the white mans blues, different forms. On so in his book, he takes booker t. Washington. Booker t. Washington of course is the leader of africanamericans at the time. Dubois says this. Most recognizable thing is the intensity of mr. Booker t. Washington. Astonishing doubt and hesitation over to his son. Then the man began, and his career of booker t. Washington. With a single definite program with a little ashamed, summer sentiment on the negro. He concentrated his energy elsewhere. He spoke of Industrial Education in the south and the submission of silence of rights. Of so he challenged that booker t. Washington, to accept things as they are, go slow, face Industrial Education. The best way to establish a difference between booker t. Was theon and w e b height of the black movement. The same to me with booker t said we opted to the curtain on his land. Why stick your nose inside a book . And so, what is he saying there . It is a struggle between Industrial Education and toanced education, the right knowledge. And dubois and booker t took on this. It is interesting about booker t because even though he did not m, andwith dubois progra during the early 1900s when booker t was looking for a job and he wanted to come and become assistant principal of the Public Schools in washington dc of the negro schools, and booker t. Washington undermined the effort. But when he was at wilberforce years before and applied for a job, come to find out one of his classmates, margaret, who had been at fisk, was booker t. Washington second wife. The first wife had died. Booker t. Washington offered him a job. This was before dubois openly disagree with his policy. Disagreed with this policy. So there is something called the niagara movement. That was the forerunner of the naacp. They met in niagara falls. They were joined by other great leaders, ida b wells would become the great writer against this in the south. To refute thed idea of booker t. Washington as submissive. It was time for blacks to fight. Dubois did three things for ,ducation, the right to vote and the right for participation in the american political system. All of these people came and met in niagara at the Canadian Border and founded an Organization Called the niagara movement. You can see the date, 1905 to 1909. A meeting at had huckleberry. That represents what . It is a place where john brown had his rate. Raid. They are black and white because whiteople found very leather vests, and many philanthropists, and many black leaders. , thefind the magazine crisis. And there, do boy is there. Dubois is there. On they find the naacp 100th anniversary of lincolns birthday. You can see the legal struggles of the grant versus u. S. Case. Clause was afather notion that if your grandfather did not vote, could not vote. So the