W. Ah ah, orange juice is a several 1000000000. 00 industry. Brazil is the Worlds Largest citrus producer. Here on almost 600000 hectors of land oranges are grown. Some of them becoming germanys favorite juice. Thousands make their living picking oranges. But there is much to criticize about their working conditions to what they want to advance your under extreme pressure and accidentally can happen because youre concentrating on the harvest and get careless gotta possibly its god, youre on top of a ladder with heavy bang on your shoulder mask is basically turn us like human being. Hes not like live stock. Sure we depend on them, but they also depend on us if you well says to pick the oranges. Ah, is there any truth to these accusations . We embark on a journey to brazil to investigate. How is the orange juice produced there . Ah, to 4 30 am the many orange pickers in the state of sao paolo are already on their feet. Among them is a fun, so like any other day, he has 8 hours of work ahead of him. Is the gothic a sink will eat this canister . Has 5 liters of water now. Yes, but thats not enough for a days world. The sun is too strong without any 2 of these canisters to get through the day mortal. You drink 10 leaders a day here. We . Yes, exactly. The sun is very homes and temperatures on the plantations can reach up to 35 degrees celsius directly under the sun. It feels even hotter. For 6 years, alfonso has been picking oranges for the juice industry from monday to saturday. And a good month, he earns about 250. 00 euros. That is more than the brazilian minimum wage yet he barely manages to make ends meet for himself. His wife and their daughter, jo boss, which is, you know, i was honest. I like the worry though many dont think of i, but everyone here need somebody. They have to work by many, also have families guarantee you can get by with what you earn on my or theres nothing. But ill save active is tyrese will be that even though its hard, i want my daughter to have what i didnt have no matter how hard it is, even with the l. Mims. In do bazaar. I phone sos wife, also used to work as an orange picker. Now he is the sole bread winner because i phone so would like to spare her the work in the fields. Ill go, boston Sophie Mandel can at us off in the mail. Listen as it is now. Yes. So issue where i dont want her to suffer like i do. You work in the sun rains, hold extreme. He thought it is physically exhausting. Bagleys 27 kilos. Thats too much foreseen. I mean, i dont mean for women in general that from my wife from you, i dont want her to have to endure what i go through in the field. You go past the horses critical pos ah, what exactly do alfonso and his colleagues experience in the field . We want to accompany them, but filming the pickers at work is not so easy as we are about to find out. Ah will be nevada, the village where our phone so lives is rather remote just around 5000 people normally live here in but between may and december, that number can grow to 6000. This is because the region around will be the shot up, which is in the state of sal. Paolo is home to most of brazils Orange Plantations. Many are Seasonal Workers who come to the village from northeastern brazil some 2000 kilometers away, where people have fewer opportunities to earn money. In sao paolo, they work for a few months each year before returning home. After the harvest is finished. To reach the plantations, alfonso has to travel by bus for 45 minutes. The ride is organized by the company, but the workers arent compensated for this time. We would like to accompany alfonso, but his employer wont give us permission. We ask on other plantations to but do not get permission to shoot. Most claim. Its due to coven 19 security measures. But our team has attracted attention in the area. It seems we are being watched as the community blanca. This is a hard to buy some good a little little we were hoping to visit a phone, so and his family again in the afternoon. But thats not possible any more. The plantation owner has informed alfonso that he has violated his contract. The apartment he rents is provided by his employer. And according to the contract, hes not allowed to let outsiders in, including us. Even though our visit was arranged with our phone, so a supervisor the day before a phone, so his band from working for 11 days, losing almost half of his monthly salary. Alfonso is request, we do not contact his employer. But we ask the association of zillow, major, citrus producers, citrus b, r. To clarify the situation it is not possible to obtain Accurate Information about the alleged incident. However, it is likely that depending on the companys code of conduct, the employee has signed a contract for bidding them to disclose internal Company Information which may be considered serious misconduct. Since we are still being watched, we call off the shoot with a phone. So we dont want him to get into any more trouble with the fact that our visit had such drastic consequences for our phone. So raises more questions for us. How exactly does the orange industry work in brazil, around 75 percent of the worlds orange juice, exports come from the country to make it workers pick between 65. 10. 10000000000 orange is a year by hand. The industry is dominated by 3 Multi National companies. Louis dreyfus, citrus circle, and co trolley they are responsible for a large part of the juice exports, about half of the oranges for global juice production come from their own plantations. The other half comes from independent farmers who supply the industry. Ah, ah, days after we last saw a phone, so we finally get permission to shoot at an orange field in sal paolo. The visit is organized by the Juice Companies association on the plantation of one of their suppliers. Unlike in supermarkets back home, the orange is here are green and yellow. This has nothing to do with ripeness, but rather with temperature, the green chlorophyll and the peel only breaks down below 12 degrees celsius. And this is what makes them orange. In this field, 30 workers pick oranges for consumption in brazil and the global juice industry. Using the latter, the workers pick the fruit from the trees which are up to 5 meters tall. A filled sack weighs about 27 kilos above 30 rock. Many beginning i did everything wrong for a minute. Now i knew the work, the tree from top to bottom, and one go, ha ha. When i started, i picked all the trees individually just at the possible point there. And then i picked them all again, individual article. Just at the top. I put the boxes up, say, dyer donald, are in the wrong place. It was very complicated for bag will pick up with. We notice that tremendous speed at which the workers pick with their bare hands. Each of them harvests about 1. 6 tons of oranges a day. So on average, each one fills just under 827. 00 kilo bags per hour. Those who cant keep up this fast paced risk losing their job. At least according to the union, lou, we meet up how to see though peaceable. He works for the agricultural union, fed i asked, which also conducts independence studies documenting the working conditions on the plantations. I dare gotta d w. Lewis, you called on that day me neither going to dodge its these companies only keep the workers who pick a certain amount at the santa car to be able to do the job next year to they have to harvest an average of 60 back. In addition, the boss, known as the got to who constantly exerts pressure though, and this is because his salary also depends on how much the workers harvest kept to my problem. Ice. The 1000000000. 00 Juice Companies pay the legal minimum wage of 1200. 00 ray eyes. The equivalent of around 200. 00 euros a month, regardless of the amount harvested this wage is barely enough to survive in brazil. Thats why according to the union, many workers try to collect even more, so they can top up their pay with bonuses. We need e b up hub and nettle director of citrus b r. The association of the 3 juice giants. He is the voice of the brazilian orange juice industry. He explains that the productivity principle is there to reward those who work hardest. This increases an average salary to about 280 arose. Although nettle states that he does not know the specific quantities, workers are expected to harvest. He struggles to understand the criticism of the productivity principal will meet by this doing you. You will, every job you have to reach a certain goal in order to continue working with and doesnt seem strange to me by the book. You have a certain goal and it has to be achieved with if you that i dont see why i should be any different in orange county, edited each bit age here on the plantation where the association has given us permission to film conditions appear ideal. E b up hob neto assures us that what we see here is common practice. Across the Citrus Industry. Workers are wearing personal protective equipment, goggles and gloves, against the sharp, thorns of the trees and leg protection against poisonous snake bites. These are required by labor law on all orange farms. The Industry Association assures us this is also written in the contract with their suppliers and orange pickers. But the union tells us a different story. With the unions help, we find a small plantation in sao paolo where we shoot unnoticed and without permission here, things look very different. Some of the workers dont have snake protection or gloves. We cannot say with certainty whether these oranges are also intended for jews. But what we see here is no exception. Say the trade unionists also in the juice industry. I ah bell, benito agrees the 70 year old has dedicated his life to fighting for the rights of brazilian orange pickers. He was the head of the fed. I. As for union until 2017 though he is now retired ob alba hendo still maintains close contact with the workers and will be dodge data. Which is how he learns 1st hand about the conditions on the plantations. If let me see what else it bol. Debra book day the workers rarely have any protective equipment, especially at the smaller suppliers where conditions are worse. It could be, they do not follow health and safety regulations that you go by. Companies have been allowed to outsource work since 2017. This means that they can hand over work and responsibility for it to 3rd parties, including individuals. As the ministry of labor explains, its especially these sub contractors who often lack the Financial Resources for protective gear or compliance with labor laws. As outsourcing has grown since 2017, the problems for orange pickers have grown to really spinning a simpkins closing on the missouri assessing but is not in call to them. So we always find violations with 3rd Party Companies are involved in the top on the top, on our door, this product door manner, the working conditions of a smaller producers are often not the same as those of the Big Companies that purchase. The fruit prosecutor shows they madonna has been monitoring labor law violations for 25 years, including on Orange Plantations. On site inspections are part of his job time and again, he encounters unregistered pickers working off the books. He describes to us the violations he encounters when inspecting workers more that the hill are their Living Conditions are precarious saying it, but they have no personal protective equipment being dizzy. Do all. This is what pictures of former inspection show in the last 7 years. The ministry of labor in sao paolo has recorded over 1300 violations, mainly among the industries smaller suppliers, as the prosecutor tells us, in the no, they wont color, they plowed the buffers. Yes. So have face, so theres often no place for workers to have a proper meal or even toilet suffering from catawba. We also see the mishandling of Agro Chemicals. Da da da. Coma nears with black box. Madonna and his colleagues usually carry out inspections on the basis of specific complaints for a few years now, the number of inspections has been decreasing. What is the reason for this . The inspections are not a priority for politicians. The prosecutor explains. Since the country has been in a severe economic crisis, funds have been cut and theres a lack of personnel and on site inspections. Need just that time money and personnel also because they can only take place with police protection. Ah no father was up at a site. Think jasa singleness for a kid lost no sub, it was all good. All didnt him . Was it that we dont conduct inspections without security personnel . What was that . Because we never know the level of hostility will encounter. Alyssa, we often encounter supervisors who are prone to violence, let out in the weather, numerous workers reporting to events in with us weve, its often drummed into the north. The government inspection is there to take away their jobs vsl. Instead of improving their condition, sounded about it. Thats why we only go with security. Goal sort of we ask e b ha, benito. What does he know about the conditions on the plantations, especially with independence suppliers . So see, quaint mucus saw us get that by loan on a sofa air though. Doesnt us eat dated. The sauces names of the losses boma 50000 people work in the field every year yet. And i guarantee you that in our field is here in the fields of the industry in was no working conditions. Lloyd, our state of the art the do you do it and our suppliers are encouraged, motivated by trained to do their best, but them be fuzzy if someone doesnt play by the rules. She tailgate, that has to be address. Lucky g is a haggard, a name. I e, so think the violations are the perception. I gotta not the rule that as good as cell alleyah says, so no i had whether thats true or not. We cant say, however, prosecutors was a my thought on our reports that conditions did not improve during the pandemic, and he describes further problems. Altima is best, so large. Mazda thick thumb was a locked room adipose mother made she, during the last inspection of an Orange Plantation by we discovered a group of about 37. 00 workers. It was the cold seasons looked, some of them were living in apartments without bedding, without adequate mattresses, sank without protection from the cold. If force had declared same proposal a cold for you. We also witnessed similar Housing Conditions, but can show them only in part to protect the workers. This is accommodation that companies rent to migrant workers. These images show footage from 2020 by swiss n g o public i. Workers living in cramped quarters, syn broken mattresses, hardly any furniture, partly without protection from the often chilly evening temperatures between june and august in sao paolo the unions to report poor Housing Conditions. Then were, were more dot g o r go. There are no decent beds there, no bathroom get. It wasnt just no decent place to rest before going to work the next day. The conditions in many houses are terrible. You know, you and the next morning they have to get up without having properly recovered to go back to picking oranges in the field with the citrus producers, citrus to go could that ali and Louis Dreyfus right to inform us that their Housing Conditions meet the required standards, no official figures or information on housing is available for the independent suppliers. Trade unionist a pot, a seat obese ball is in contact with many workers in the region. He says that despite poor housing or working conditions, many are too afraid to complain or file a lawsuit. As impair the skinny, i wont be caught you. Yes, sad because its a conversely, the Companies Keep a record of the workers who complain. And they can forget about being hired against us on death on this practice should be bagged locally. So today people shouldnt risk being punished or demanding their rights is local. No, so genetic, nice fellows, loopers and skill sets of new companies. Blacklisting workers. Can it be true . Our team meets a local lawyer who wants to remain anonymous at all costs for fear of the companies. He knows several workers who are not satisfied, but the fear of possible consequences from filing a complaint is great. He forwards us a voice message from one of his clients or a set of bose probably did the so please get forget about my complaint about that. We need this work. Good. They my family and i cant afford to lose this job. Please excuse me. We sat get got, what can we do to get go far as the boy Industry Association, citrus be our rights to us. The companies are regularly audited by both the ministry of labor and the unions. This shows that ways to launch complaints exist and are effective. It is important to highlight that brazilian legislation guarantees that any worker can claim their rights in a court of law. So during our research, we learned that its especially workers on the suppliers, plantations. The smaller and independent companies who are not always well protected. We are on our way to meet former farmer any b as o t. We dont know what working conditions were like for him in the but he tells us that he too was under enormous pressure as a supplier. Who no no on me a eat on ye. Yes. Wrought you might among his even e e. B as a teacher wouldnt did he . I worked as an orange farmer for 30 years. It all of a sudden i had to give a todd bought and leave everything behind. Dish a lime left with room by sadness, sewage up my memories. So dodgy. Elaine bonus on his 60 hectors of land. He farmed oranges, which he sold to could trolley and citrus who co 2 major citrus exporters. He did not have fixed contracts for the regular purchase of his oranges. He says, the big industry players only bought oranges when the harvest from their own fields was not enough. The Purchase Price often fluctuated. At times he says he had to sell his oranges at absurdly low prices. In the end, he could no longer cover the costs of production and harvesting, and it was costing him too much to maintain. His plantation was hit that are bought out, didnt barons from out of his i 30 years. I worked the fields with a lower and dedication guiding until i was so indebted therell be to god, but that i had to give up everything equal, which is very sad. And we think that is mm be as auntie is 75. 00 and it will take him at least 4 more years. He calculates to pay off his debts. He recently joined a Class Action Lawsuit in london against juic