A welcome to tomorrow to day. The Science Program on d. W. B. Survey show that on the risk front were especially afraid of crime and accidents. But actually we should be more concerned with less visible dangers, such as cardiovascular disease. Because we eat too much and exercise too little, which is pretty much the opposite scenario, tor stone age ancestors. Because they had to move around a lot to find and catch their food. Although what they should have been wary of were fellow humans with less than neighborly. Intentions arm and lower leg bones broken by blunt force. Sculls pearson by arrows. Ah, thousands of years old bones that testify to a brutal crime. This is on the edge of a fall. This is an elderly woman from in an but. And if you look at the scarf in the inside us, if you can see that the arrow hit with such force that a piece broke off inside the skull, pick a blotch this, ah, the bones come from a cave high up in the spanish pyrenees as trucks for 10 years, archaeologists have been working there on the reconstruction of a blood bath from thousands of years ago. German anthropologist caught out has been there from the beginning and is responsible for analyzing the human remains. Not relish was and of course there was a very big surprise that Something Like a massacre took place there cost or not the excavation work is arduous. The archaeologists are removing tons of earth from the cave. The rebel, they hope, contains information about the events long ago. Down in the canada, the mud is saved and washed. In addition to animal bones and countless pieces of pottery, the researchers gradually uncovered bone fragments of 8 individuals. For adults and 4 children. All of them were brutally murdered. There isnt dusty of oxygen, not a shocking gordon. We know that all the adults were shannon. We can prove there with the bones of gnostic and then the bronze are also broken. The kid doesnt even foster stump, the children also died by blood foisy. And then their bodies were taken to a cave and just left their thoughts leading lawson born. But who were the murdered people . Back in the laboratory at the Danube University comes caught out and his colleague Nicole Nicholas take a closer look at the bones. First. They analyze dna from the inside of the temporal bone. Does eat mando sleep here you can see this part from inside the skull. If the skull is well preserved, this or the bone is well protected and its better from a dna preservation standpoint as opposed to an arm, leg, ribbon, hand, or foot bone. One result of the dna analysis proves these people werent from the region. About 9000 years ago, farmers from the east settled in Central Europe and eventually in what is now spain, the dead of as throats were descendants of these early farmers. But they were not alone in their new homeland. They encountered native hunter gatherer groups were the date of as trucks, victims of a bloody conflict between 2 completely different plans. A so called isotope analysis of bones and tooth enamel should help solve the mystery. It reveals how these people fed themselves. Thats on smiths finish. Andrea enamel that i find on this specific tooth that what tell me what this man aid for the 1st 4 years of his life in an instant fear, lindsey acted as tooth enameled, doesnt change after childhood. The chemical composition is therefore a piece of the puzzle about childhood nutrition. Bones are different. They tell us what people 8 in the last years of their life. Because bones renew themselves completely every 10 years. But what does this tell us about the dead of as drugs . 7 of the 8 individuals had the same food spectrum in their youth as when they were adults. Only one had changed. He had probably migrated from Central Europe than the course of his life. Probably most of the immigrants were already living in the 2nd or 3rd generation in what is now spain. But what were the people doing up there in the mountains where theres virtually no land for agriculture and the winters are bitterly cold. The researchers hazard a guess the 8 individuals were shepherds who drove their livestock to graze in the mountains. This is supported by the fact that the group consisted of older adults and children. While the young and hard working part of the clan cultivated crops in the valley, the old and the children moved with the cattle to the mountains in summer, but who murdered them so brutally. So far, the archaeologists have not found any traces of the perpetrators in the cave. Nevertheless, court out has an idea. This is natalie, nevada, who portez, its just our hypothesis of course, ones d rashandra cut course is. Its more likely that these early farmers encountered hunter gatherers who kill them up, their lessons went on, thus easy closet and on good golf top about olm bus. Once we came to that conclusion, due to the brutality that took place at a spot before, not, its also possible that the perpetrators were farmers. But would they have been so efficient and brutal . If there were any bones of the perpetrators left behind court out could solve the mystery. But as long as none are found, the ills trucks cave is keeping it secret to itself. Solving crimes is often an uphill battle, but over time, investigators have had access to a growing box of tools. In the 18th century, foot shoe and huff prints were used to identify parties to the crime scene. As science, advanced investigator started to seek more advice from experts such as doctors and chemist wanted photos enabled suspects to be identified and arrested within a matter of hours. And once fingerprints were determined to be one of a kind they to were used in forensic investigations. The 20th century saw growing number of perpetrators using fire arms. Soon enough, experts came along who could say which gun fired the little shot. And now computers and dna analysis are also helping to track down criminals. But its still difficult to clarify one forensic question, the exact time of death. An old military site near moonstone in North Western germany is hosting an unusual Training Course today for forensic biology, students and instructors from the criminal police unit. Theyre going to learn 1st hand how corpses decompose and what traces they leave behind by us of his english mailed like a white board. The mascot also likes howard woman. I guess you could say among other things, with one hand and wild boar, not very nicely. So nice a few weeks earlier, preparations began for this unusual outdoor experiment. Biologist ins amens from the institute of forensic medicine in frankfort, is using pig carcasses to study the decomposition process. The league here, swine a couple of hours. We lay the carcasses out here to the uncle, but some of them are inside the tent and some are out in the open desert. We want to see if the carcasses decomposed differently at different speeds. For example, because theres more moisture in attend life, but maybe its harder for insects to get to them. So i no one knows exactly how corpses in germany decompose under the prevailing climate conditions here. Yes, armand, an expert in forensic entomology wants to obtain reliable data. This could help in determining the time of death, for example, which is crucial for alibis in murder cases. The problem is that if the results of this experiment were ever used, their reliability could be called into question. Isnt limited seen is good in medicine, its very common to use pigs as a model to understand what happens in the human body. But in court, and they might ask you how certain can you be that this would be the same for a human corpse of life . So it would be good to get some data on human corpses to also be an its going to this and forensic scientists have sometimes referred to findings from the us so called body farms have existed there for years. Scientific, corpse gardens, where researchers lay out human bodies and investigate which insects colonized them and when or how the environment and whether affect the decomposition. The resources in europe are much more limited. Was gib so i know one does one in amsterdam at the University Hospital with this area of land has been cordoned off sooner, but its very small cuz were not much bigger than a tennis court also goes into and the other downside, as you can see in the next picture is that the bodies have to be buried the mix. We need an area that allows us to carry out experiments above ground movies in all the various conditions that we have in Central Europe level bob, ga, experimental, where dish, dish one. So im, its vision for the future is clear, a body farm in germany for the moment. However, what matters to the researcher is the results from his experiments with pegs the filthy among the does. What we are doing here is being done for the 1st time, and thats why im really excited. And we also want to use the opportunity support police and let biology students really experience what decomposition means either. Over the past 3 weeks, nature has done its work on the pay carcases. Now students have forensic biology and Police Instructors are working together closely. It is perform hoping to gain insights for their work and for this order. So all the criminal officials, they think they could load against edison. I honestly didnt think the trial would result in a pony skeleton after 3 weeks and unskilled through evolve of russia. Humans with what means we investigate is dont have much time of me, few tight in practice. Criminologists and Forensic Experts rarely have to deal with comparable decomposition. But when they do, its always necessary to clarify whether the crime is a serious one, such as a murder and 2 thirds of the corpse is infested with insects are found indoors. In san fernando, no. All insect can necessarily get into the tent or even larger animal. Im listening. Thats why i would have imagined Something Like that. On the other hand, i thought it would be faster because it would be wall. My m a is now the students have to secure the evidence. They need samples of the maggots. Flies and beetle is found on and under the pay carcass. This is because their type and stage of development provide clues about the time of death and whether the place where they were found is also the scene of the crime. Is in us, we are seeing that decomposition is slower in these tense than it normally is. This is the Empirical Data that we lack so far in contrast to the exposed pigs. Bolt has formed on various areas of the body of the 10 pig calling and we now have taken swap to see what kind of more that is. Since is important findings that can be decisive in real cases, but one thing is clear, the result here cannot be transferred one to one to humans bus. The criminologist, of course, is not interested in the decomposition process of a peg, but of human bodies mentioned among the term of forensics perspective. If we could actually line and train a body farms like this using t m u m, thereby solving real murder case is better. So why are there no body farms in germany . Ethical concerns, legal hurdles, ins im and beliefs. There are solutions for all of these. Hes even been offered land and body donations. However, facility my body farms dropped, not the idea of the body farm hasnt worked out yet because even though i keep seeing signs of interest, i always end up organizing everything myself and the most. That means what we actually need is to get a real commitment from all of this interest and good, intentional small. So well come. But until then, decomposition researchers in germany will have to make do with paid carcases. Psychologist say were afraid of a lot of things, but not necessarily the things we should be afraid of. A lot of people underestimate one of our biggest problems, climate change. Scientists believe this is because its a complex matter, and the consequences are manifold, which is why we continue to endanger our own future. So far, we only know of one planet in the universe where more advanced live forms have developed. And one species on earth has surpassed all the others in its development. It lives in complex societies and as built up whole arsenals of tools and cultures. But its a system that requires energy, lots of energy. How my for thought to something we tried to calculate and huge study. How much energy the human race has already used. And how we found that in the last 70 years. Since the start of the and to pacin age 14, weve used one and a half times the amount that was used in the whole 12000 years before that as about our Energy Consumption has accelerated. How showing up since the mid 20th century, the human race has altered the earths ecosystem so dramatically that scientists now refer to the anthro posting epic, the new age of human activity. We now use nearly 170. 00 trillion kilowatt hours of energy per year, and that global population is growing. Its set to reach 10000000000 by 2015 in our thirst for energy where exploiting the planet. If we continue like this, we can destroy every natural habitat because everything is interlinked. That becomes especially clear when you look at our food production. Weve come to the zinc in bag museum in frankfurt to meet falco most bogo. Believe you funder not to, we live from nature via but each year were taking more from nature than will grow bags of and so are eating away at the capital from which we live up the tile front invalid. And its an absurd situation. Were actually destroying energy. We use more calories to produce our food than we get back. Meet from industrial farming, loses the most energy up to 90 percent land for grazing and for growing feed, takes up near the 80 percent of all farmland worldwide. Were majorly impacting, of fragile system when these are 3 out of imagine this, apple, were our planet early to do with the diameter of 12 to 13000 kilometers full. Meaning that the scale down this skin represents the soil that were effectively drawing the energy from that 8000000000 people are living off like of less than one meter. Hoity, he integrates infant ability, humanities, hunger is insatiable, cheap production methods, mano cultures, and farming for maximum yields, increasingly degrade the soil. Groundwater reserves are dropping around the world, including in spain, a key producer of europe. Spetchko bowls that browsing at a guns fill are going produce. We is lots of water that we use. Fertilizers, what hope and speed things up and boost production. Which cuts cause we does everything in phosphate which are finite resource in nitrogen to, for the last half of it. And as i, rivers and impacts are, sees to how to merit. And whats more, around one 3rd of the food that is produced and transported around the globe actually goes to waste water in a key for. So since the big energy goes less our Group Production material, then you have all the fire tree production limiting on since then the whole area of trans hold and travel fast, not off the shrink. And so far, weve only focused on reducing the big energy cost lives in factories, at least to littleton in the future. We really need to look more closely at our mobility and not just a big foundry. Nicholson for picking traffic worldwide emits more than 8000000000. 00 tons of c o 2 every year. Thats nearly a quarter of Global Carbon emissions. Then there were other greenhouse gases, but even when we humans dont move around, we still use energy. So far, the enter net only accounts for one per cent of global electricity consumption. But if the internet were a country, it would be one of the biggest electricity users worldwide. Around 4500000000 people are online. And just 20 searches and an Online Search engine use enough electricity to power an Energy Saving light bulb for an hour. The real guzzlers are the air Conditioning Systems for the big internet servers. They run night and day, including here in frankfurt, one of the worlds biggest internet hubs, vic in front of analysis, and we expect the internet to increase to 13 or 14 percent of global electricity usage over the next decade. And thats a huge growth with everything Going Digital in emit is a constant even just setting up 5 g or les to 6 g, you know, or can seem huge amounts of energy or me in lucky for us. 5, g, and 6, g will provide the basis for data intensive technologies like smart home and self driving vehicles. The digital revolution is only just beginning all of us could make changes to our daily lives, to impact the earth less. But we also need large scale changes in our economic systems with lang that hasnt. I named a cellphone, contains lithium and lots more. But we only recycle the small amount of gold in it. We need to see these things that have been mind as valuable enough to be recycled and retained in a circular economy in christ loaf behind the line hold. Line felder says, a real circular economy is whats needed. We need to learn from the biosphere. The suns energy is the source of all life. Whats no longer needed gets broken down to create something new. Nothing is lost in a system driven by money. Humanity means to start factoring in the damage its inflicting on the earth. In germany alone, farmers create 21000000000 euros was a produce. But compare that with 90000000000 euros and costs. Once you include the environmental damage, its a huge loss maker in industry. Been exploring, say the costs are externalized. No one pays for it at them, but society suddenly has a problem with c o 2 nitrogen and the ground water, phosphates and i ecosystems equal kiki, so shaft move on. So society bears the consequences hot, say, and thats the key problem where we need to change in them. This comprehensive change is imperative if our planet is to have a future. Surely the most intelligent of all species on earth ought to be capable of that intelligence helps, but its no guarantee against getting things wrong. As any psychologist will tell you, we dont really know who we are or what were really good at. And where do we fit in between the smallest and biggest things on earth . Thats what carlos on friday from columbia wanted to know from us. Heres the answer to our humans small or are they big, with our height is usually measured when standing up. Ringback from the soul of the foot to the crown of the head. Humans very in size. So statistics experts calculate averages. The world, tallest men are said to live in the netherlands. Also the tallest women. While the smallest men come from East Timorese with and the smallest women from guatemala, ah, compared to the Butch Khalifa and do by the tallest building in the wo