Rocks in the landscape tell a story of course you have to be able to understand their language but then they no longer keep their secrets. On the contrary theyre full of stories and they can hardly wait to tell them. This is dora. With the help of Greenland Rock Rosing estimated that life on earth began Three Hundred Million years earlier than previously thought winning him worldwide acclaim now hes collecting glacial mud instead of rocks as he searches for a new story a story that could benefit his country. At this inland spot the ice has melted. What its left behind looks like a rocky desert but in fact the sludge is a vast reservoir of minerals which could help fertilize depleted soils. This glacial sludge is from rock crushed by the ice its interesting because it can be transported anywhere in the world where theres a lack of nutrients in the tropics and subtropics where most people live has a massive shortage of nutrients. In their stuff. The melt water transports the finely crushed mud a trickle becomes a stream a river turns into a Torrent Leaving behind a new landscape. Rosing estimates that around a billion tons of minerals reach the coastal areas of greenland in this way every year. Enough nutrients to help feed the world. On the way back from his hike rosing bumps into an old acquaintance more to nielson
grows herbs in lettuce and greenhouses Climate Change is making itself felt greenland further south even strawberries and for titos grow but it wont be enough to create a large Agricultural Sector in the future. You have to be realistic about Climate Change it has good and bad aspects here in greenland like everywhere in the world where part of nature when it changes we have to make the best of it. But. Thats exactly what hes trying to do. Rosing is both optimistic and pragmatic about his country which is striving for independence from denmark. For that the countrys economy has to be able to stand on its own two feet. What should we as a society live from greenlands nature is pristine and almost infinite it has enormous numbers of fish and very worth is steadily increasing in contrast to oil which we should leave where it is. The great torrent of sludge here behind me is
the role of money that may fill our State Coffers one day. That. Rosen says instead of dreaming of mines or Offshore Oil Wells Greenland should take advantage of the resources that are already available in such abundance. The powerful forces of wind waves and currents transport mud and sand from the land into the sea. People who live on the coast the familiar with those Natural Forces and they know they have to stabilize their shows. Scientists in the netherlands are testing and you will prove. Kike down has become a hotspot for wind and kite surfing and a destination for holiday makers. Its just southwest of the hague on the dutch
north sea coast much of the Beach Sand Bar that bulges out into the sea is manmade it was created in twenty eleven and designed to serve as a sand engine to counter coastal erosion. Marcel stever a professor at the Delft University of technology is the mastermind behind the project. The basic idea project. We wanted to make this coastal stretch over here we want wanted to make it safe for the next fifty years in the light of Climate Change so instead of making a. Norris mint every four years so come back every four years we decided to put a large amount of sediment that would last for twenty years that would distribute itself. Through Natural Forces along the coast so we dont have to disturb the
ecosystem all the time. It took eight months to build the sand engine. Dredges brought up material from the seabed ten kilometers offshore and spat it out here to create a huge depth of sediment as a peninsula in front of the original slender beach. Twenty one and a half million cubic meters of sand what dumped here five times as much as would be usual in a standard shorter term sand replenishment operation. The plan is for the wind waves and currents to disperse the sand from here up and down the coast replenishing beaches that face constant erosion and building up coastal dealings this is a Pilot Project and steve it monitors developments closely. It is not. As far out into the sea but the terrorists. Do boast erections Six Hundred Thousand to wouldnt just north and Four Hundred Thousand cubic meters in southern direction so nature has been doing its job dispersing the Sand Up And Down the coast. Every two months the scientists mapped the sand engine and the adjacent coastline. They chant the movements of the masses of sand and record depth changes in the lagoon created behind the sand bar. And. Radar and sensors mounted on boys track waves and currents. A fourteen meter tall mast was built for the project as a mount for cameras that monitor the landscape and seascape in all directions. In that way we can observe development of the geometry of the send engine we can look at such a day should. We can look at. The way the lagoon feels an empty set and how it changes so its a burman and observation. The Data Collected over the years demonstrate that a sand engine that is a single mega nourishment designed to last for decades can indeed work. The wind waves and currents help to replenish the receding coastline. Plants are taking root on a sandbar. Grass growing on the dunes helps to secure them. One of the main purposes of the sand motor is to provide sand for the dunes. As
we now think it will take forty to fifty years before all the sand is in the dunes. Dunes of our long term protection for the vulnerable hinterland but here theyre not growing as fast as the scientists had predicted. Growth of fields. We expected that would have been stronger and it went much slower although now its picking up beautifully much of the netherlands lies below sea level so coastal defenses are key to the country survival seawalls beaches and dunes are regularly reinforced raised and replenished in straightening and a few kilometers to the north a new seawall has been integrated into an appealing coastal promina proving coastal defenses dont have to be bulky or ugly carolla fungal the mass of the Ministry Of Infrastructure And The Environment spells out whats at stake. What do we have to do for the netherlands to maintain its end to keep dry feet in the hinterlands. In
one hundred years also how much sense do we need to cope with Sea Level Rise one scenario the ministry has to consider involves giving up low lying coastal areas altogether should it become too hot to defend them we dont want to think about that but maybe thats will be the case someday yes to counter the erosion of its coastline the netherlands is trying a dual strategy building up defenses against the forces of wind waves and currents and harnessing those same forces to protect the coast the Sand Engine Project is a pioneering effort to meet the challenge of rising sea levels. In mean the muslim shows us how its done in The Jungle Book its all about trust on the screen and in real life a viewer in morocco has sent in
a question about a third stage of mine. Sally board joy wants to know. What is hypnosis. At this Show Audience Members are letting themselves be hypnotized under the spell of the Hypnotist Participants cant even remember their own name. Hypnosis alters a persons consciousness but how does it work exactly. Scientists have long been interested in what happens in the brain during hypnosis. Researchers have now identified how affected areas change compared to a normal state. During hypnosis Certain Networks of cells stop communicating with each other. This creates
a disconnect between actions and selfawareness allowing subjects to be manipulated subconsciously. Hypnosis is now even an accepted treatment in medicine. The brain processes pain signals differently when in a hypnotic trance theyre not perceived as pain. Thats why some dentists have begun using the technique in place of chemical anesthesia. Hypnosis can also be helpful in kicking nicotine addiction. And hypnosis as Performance Art audiences obviously love it though its not always easy to know if the method is really having an effect or if its just showmanship. We ask you on twitter what you think of hypnosis. And if letter p. Tweets that he believes in it but he advises taking someone along to a session otherwise the hypnotist could implant anything in your head. Dr m. Hasnt read much about hypnosis but figures the side effects of being hypnotized must be minimal. And like it all starts writes that shes planning to try it soon to overcome how they think of vegetables. Good luck with that im thanks to. Sally board choice for the question. If you have
a science query you can submit it on our website if we answer it on the show youll get our d. V. D. Featuring a Lighthearted Look at albert einsteins most famous theories. The most important thing is to never stop asking questions. Tailor made has always been Something Special like closing made to fit the wear a perfect. Most recently its been done with the help of Technology Like scanners. But now comes the real luxury up by clips made to measure the Magic Word Aids say three d. Printing. A three d. Printed by science fiction. Science fact engineers are getting very close to that
goal. And were now at the point where we can build a bike you can sit on and ride though not yet on rough terrain and. So is this the bicycle of the future. Lets take a look at how the frame is printed on the rest of the components then added to form the complete bicycle. On day one in the story of our new bike. First the prospective owners measurements are taken in a three d. Scanner. The new bicycle tailor made for his body. In this Production Method with scanner and printer makes every bike one of a kind. The
bike industry works with a limited number of frame sizes but people are so different each with their individual length of legs and upper body what sets us apart is that we can respond individually and build precisely the geometry that fits each person past the Bike Designers can change the frame on the computer to perfectly match the rider. So next day the designer meets up with a three d. Printing expert getting the Measurement Data in the right format is a bit of work but three d. Printing technology is developing at a huge pace. There are new developments in four different areas of three d. Printing number one is the increasing diversity of materials then the volume we can print big objects the printing speed is also going up it now takes half or a third of the time previously needed. And then there are
a new technologies being developed that we dont see yet but that are certainly coming clean. Today the printed frame is still made of poly but eventually the engineers want to replace it with carbon fiber which is more stable and lightweight. Day three and the printing can begin first a thin layer of powder is spread on the carrier plate. At the spots where the frame part is to be made a laser been cintas the powder. The process is repeated again and again for two days then the printed frame has to cool down for two more days. After that we get to see if its all worked out theres no printer big enough to make the entire frame in a single piece so its been printed in seven parts they are then glued together. This is the heart of our bicycle of the future. Now freshly painted the frame can be fitted out with equipment some present day some futuristic electronic gear shifts are standard on todays racing bikes soon theyll likely be found on everybody. This is spent on of the future will also be regulated electronically in this Prototype Excel Aroma to provide the data to control the springs the bike of the future will have lots of high tech even intelligent components. As with. Lots of things will be easier to shift will know whats the right gear the suspension will decide whether it needs to be open closed or sensitive so the rider wont have to make those decisions. Then there is this prototype of a new wheel this could be the mechanical innovation that will catch on quickly just in the near future it enables the air pressure in the tires to be varied during the
ride lets say on an even terrain more on asphalt roads. And now after just ten days bicycle of the future is ready to be taken for a spin. So get your bike printed you may be needing it soon. Many years as planners think that in big cities the days of private cars are numbered and the future belongs to cyclists pedestrians and people who take Public Transport. A city without cars is hard to imagine but theres a residential complex in a suburb of cologne where this is the only kind of car thats allowed you hannah and her parents have been living here for two years sixty years the largest
entirely carfree neighborhood in germany its a difference that when we heard about it it sounded so great what a nice way to live and then we came and had a look at how amazing to be able to let your Children Play out on the street and move around freely without worrying. Playgrounds instead of car parks germans love their cars so this amounts to a minor revolution. About Thirteen Hundred people live in the complex their rental contract stipulate that no cars are allowed residents however are permitted to transport Shopping Home in a cart to force a family dont do a big shop once a week by car they buy smaller amounts of Fresh Produce at the local grocers almost daily. Its not difficult i go by bike and i take a backpack along thats usually enough plus they have my bike basket and if i need to buy something bulky like a crate of water i can borrow
a hand cart it all works out fine. Just. Could car free living be expanded to entire districts towns or cities. Because John Peel Heads Transport Research at the German Aerospace center the program is based in cologne Motor Vehicles play a huge role in the life and layout of major cities all over the world peter says that has to change. Because for a city like cologne i dont think were going to find the single fix that will solve all its problems we need a range of measures at the level of Urban Planning it might mean for example planting more greenery along the ring highway when it comes to transport ation the priority should be expanding Public Transport and encouraging and and they bring more biking and walking. This is what the city of the future might look
like major arteries will be downsized there will be more open space and greenery a radical turn away from the internal Combustion Engine and private cars in general. Goods will be delivered by electric plants bike or electro trike. Totemist buses will move people. Around Neighborhoods Apps will help plan routes using a mix of Transportation Modes making all this happened though wont be cheap. And id like to see the revolution we need in transportation start now it will be difficult but thats no reason to hold back and wait we need to start now with modest measures that will succeed in the short term. In this part of the city of tubing and that kind of revolution began in the one Nine Hundred Ninety s. In a district called the French Quarter cars are allowed in but they may only be parked in the garage at the edge of the area at least thats the idea fredo whole bad guy has lived here since the complex was first developed on the site of some disused
parents. He says that recently cars are once again a presence here despite the parking ban. For some evenings there are cars parked everywhere at least around where we live and the garage is half empty that cant be right still not your views for us just. As i hope that those children say they enjoyed growing up in a space where they werent surrounded by cars as though sometimes driving might have been welcome alternative. Awkward skin does moments my kids can be lazy. There were times i thought it would have gone much faster with a car. And it would have been easier to. Fasten them all to. And go for is a breeze that cars can be useful when you have to transport bulky objects for
instance or when you want to go on an outing to the countryside for that she rents a car or uses a Car Sharing Service she says sometimes there is no alternative. If i have to get to work by eight oclock and the Daycare Center only opens at seven thirty i cant manage that with Public Transportation and i have to get a car share. I have that problem one day a week. So im ready for. The rest of the time the forza family does fine without a car theres plenty to do in the neighborhood after school. Theres no question that quality of life is enhanced when lots of cars are removed from the equation theres better a or less noise and more space even in the heart of a major city. The more stories from the world of research and Technology He