Treatment takes a really long time to complete twenty months. Its hard to stay with it even highly motivated people find it hard to take large amounts of medication every day for twenty months. Because. The pathogen thrives in crowded places especially where its cold and theres a little from lice it spreads easily through Sneezing Coughing and even just regular conversation. Its easy to identify the Signature Red Pattern under a microscope but distinguishing the regular kind from the multi resistant strain is expensive and lengthy it takes up to two months to get a diagnosis that means people with the multi was distance train can unknowingly continue to infect others. The lab at the sanatorium is able to determine if a strain is resistant to the antibiotic and we found this and its one of the most Effective Anti Tuberculosis Drugs on the markets. Its the computer
controlled tests can produce results within a few hours. But in order to know if its resistant to other drugs they have to take bacterial cultures that take several weeks using Genetic Testing its possible to decode the pathogens genome in a matter of days but thats expensive and to date there are only four devices in all of ukraine that can do this the lab here is still waiting to get one. Of the questions remain as to why this multi resistant strain is so prevalent in ukraine. Besides the problem with people not sticking to the full course of Treatment Experts point to the countrys overstretched health care system. Patients like these here in the boyer car are too often housed in cramped quarters. This has drawn widespread criticism. We still have people sharing rooms with your patients arent isolated and have too much contact with each other. In this environment and when you can imagine how easy it is for patients to infect each other with resistant strains for us but were still optimistic that were getting new Technology Treatment methods and resources in us. After years of seeing infections rise the number of cases in ukraine dropped for the first time in twenty sixteen for doctors and patients here their bottom line in the fight against multi resistant tb faster diagnostics and better Long Term Care for patients. With. One major risk factor for typical loss essentially poverty but what is the current
state of medical treatment. In berlin where public office. This influential researcher is following in his footsteps. Institute for infection and i asked him how far hes come. Its the coughing and sneezing season. Is it this easy to be infected with tuberculosis im here to talk with tb expert stefan. Here in germany could i catch tb by Airborne Transmission like Someone Coughing on me. If the person has to send coughs on you then you have a large chance of getting infected but in germany you wont often encounter people with tuberculosis. But getting coughed on once would be enough we estimate that youd have to be exposed more than ten times statistically speaking to actually be
infected but its what id be more at risk for example in ukraine. In ukraine the risk is higher of course and if you spend a lot of time in a hospital with lots of tb patients then your chance of being infected is almost one hundred percent and. One out of every ten infected people actually develops the disease but is there protection against tb. Why cant i get vaccinated against tuberculosis like the flu the. Immune response to the Tuberculosis Pathogen thats our own bodys Defense System against it is far more complicated than in the case of the flu were still not sure how best to muster those defenses and medical science has ignored tuberculosis for too long my wish is that well find a way to conquer tuberculosis. And his team have taken a major step in that direction in trials in india. Has developed a vaccine against tb its designed to help people who have been infected from developing a recurrent disease. The chance of being infected with the pathogen is especially high in india. India is one of the countries with an especially high rate of tuberculosis we believe that at least a Million People have tb in india and that the multi resistant forms are on the rise by. One point seven Million People die of tb each year making it the deadliest Infectious Disease on our planet. Some. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that break into healthy cells and survive their. Discoverer or better develop the first vaccine against it but it failed Stefan Kaufman has been doing research on t. V. For thirty five years now and he hopes his latest vaccine will be a breakthrough. For our initial Clinical Trial succeed then we would have a vaccine that also works in adults it would be the first tb vaccine for both young people and adults. Planck institute weve always tried to combine basic research with applications by sick research is the main focus but we dont say ok lets do something new we want to advance from basic research into applications. A great goal would be reached if this vaccine proved itself in the Clinical Phase and im quite hopeful that he. Would it be the kind of breakthrough that could lead to a nobel prize and i dont want to comment on that. Thats not what youre aiming
for. Except i dont want to. Discuss that now that he does you know. Well that may be a while yet a step on khalfan says it could take at least another five years before a vaccine against tb has completed Clinical Trials. For more about you because you know sis and other science stories just go to our website and get in touch with us on twitter at hash tag to get your license for example all right us on facebook wed love to hear from you. Bacteria like the tb pathogen unlike risk of organisms other common tiny microbes of hunger. Small is still virus. One of the u. S. Sent in a question about them. As our Omar Hassan Sally from sudan wants to know what
are viruses. A tick bite can transmit viruses such as a form of encephalitis called tb e v in humans the pathogen can cause a fatal inflammation of the brain. Other viral diseases are airborne so there are lots of ways they can spread. Thats clever viruses which consist of just d. N. A. Or r. N. A. In a protective envelope they dont have their own metabolism so they need a host like humans or other organisms in order to reproduce in the case of an infection a virus hijacks the host cell and injects its genetic material into it then becomes a factory for making new viruses. Many viruses can spread between species. The pathogens responsible for aids or may have traveled from apes to Humans Rodents can transmit panter viruses for example. Birds some flu viruses a vaccine may prevent infection. Even though as in the case of flu the vaccine constantly has to be adapted as the virus mutates. One type of antiviral vaccine protects against Cervical Cancer and sometimes viruses arent pathogens but helpless. Certain parvovirus is for example target tumor cells without damaging surrounding healthy cells researchers are hoping to use them to do. Elop a viral therapy to treat glioblastoma highly aggressive brain cancer. If
you have a Science Question send it in by going to our website. If we answer it on the show youll get out d. V. D. Featuring a Lighthearted Look at Albert Einsteins most famous theories. The most important thing is to never stop asking questions. And his life was filmed worthy the british Movie The Theory Of Everything tells the story of Stephen Hawkings first marriage and early career after he was diagnosed with a terminal illness. The great physicist was immensely popular with scientists and nonscientists unlike. Shown by the response to his death on social media. We asked you how you will remember Stephen Hawking and what he means to you. On
facebook where it culled pulls a marvelous and extraordinary and says i will not forget him. For tossed in fourteen with the brightest mind since Albert Einstein he believes the nobel prize should go to hawking posthumously for his work on black holes. Stina beautifulest tweets that hawking is a huge inspiration to her because he didnt get his disease to feed him. She thinks other people in his position might not have continued doing science but he persevered with passion. And to use a preface flora leaves a message for hawking in a parallel universe asking him for an explanation for our existence. Lets take a look back at this exceptional physicist who died aged seventy six. Stephen
Stephen Hawking was born in oxford on january eighth One Thousand Nine Hundred Forty Two on the three Hundredth Anniversary of galileos death as he like to point times. At seventeen he began his Undergraduate Studies at Oxford University instead of madison as his father had wished he studied physics and chemistry. Later he said hed been a bad Student Spending less time on his subjects than on the other joys of university life. Then after twenty one he was diagnosed with a terminal neurodegenerative illness just such. A starter or so years old. Or older neurontin she told me it worked for you in
two or three years. I have lived with the threat of an early. So i wish to try. Corking put much of his energy into Theoretical Physics three years after his diagnosis he received his ph d. The topic of his thesis was nothing less than the origin of the universe which he describes then as a singularity in which the Laws Of Physics no longer seem to hold it created a stir in the field of cosmology. Hawking received a position at the University Of Cambridge over the years he helped Nurture Generations of physicists many of his students became friends for life. They went to cambridge i checked into the college and then i went to the department. And stephen came in and i was introduced to him we chatted for a couple of minutes i couldnt understand him i remembered first because his voice was very monotonic. But i was i was struck by his
eyes and by a lively he was. At cambridge talking to valid pioneering theories he was elected luke asian professor of mathematics. His work took him to the intersection of science philosophy and religion. To the origin of the cosmos time travel and above all black holes these massive regions of space that swallow life and matter did not conform to accepted theories Hawking Incorporated Quantum Mechanics to gain new insights. Throughout his career he was obsessed with the question of what happened to the matter that vanished into a black hole actually find answers some of which he later revived he never found the ultimate one. One of hawkings graces theories was an apparent paradox
black holes not only gain mass and grow. They also evaporate using energy which is equivalent to mosques if discovery overturned all previous notions i think he turkle the biggest and the most important problems in gravitational physics and he tackled these problems successfully and many people. Attack or work on big problems but very few people actually resolve the script there are many examples in physics where we only realise in hindsight that an individuals achievement was far greater than it seemed up close perspective but even from todays perspective he did great things in those that. In One Thousand Nine Hundred Eighty Eight hawking published a brief history of time the Popular Science book has been translated into forty languages i just sold more than ten million copies. Enjoyed writing. All right roy to share with the public my excitement up out of progress we have made you know understanding the laws of nature and the history of the universe and he succeeded in conveying that excitement the book Made Talking Famous Around The World people thronged his lecture is he used his popularity to speak out about causes close to his hearts. Although there was no place for a creator in his cosmology he was a frequent guest at the vatican. He tried to mediate in the middle east and later joined an academic boycott of israel in support of palestinians. He also joined public protests against the u. S. Led war in iraq. Stephen hawking received numerous awards and honors for his lifes work. In Two Thousand And Seven his dream of flying was realized
when he took part in a nasa Parabolic Fleiss for those seconds in zero gravity he could move freely with. The less. Than zero. Zero zero. Zero zero a cup. Of coffee for the really going i think he was a great role model for the younger generation. On and so because he showed how exciting a Research Field by cosmology could be between food and what fundamental questions it offers to researchers and. Since you feel youre limited and i think he got many young people to enter this field and retain that fascination to achieve new Scientific Understanding or. Still learning how to use a brush. And thats a long way to go before he can match human intelligence. As we start with a photo of the canvas this is compared to the input image for every input image the robot calculates where to position the next brush stroke we can adapt to external factors such as altered light differences in color that is to say the robot i dabbed it knows that certain colors dont produce the original effect so it adjusts from. Berlin based Artist Graver has collaborated with need david on a number of paintings a graduate of life six art school she sees the robot as a useful aid for developing her ideas. Arent in themselves creative but they can support creativity in the human if you use them all timothy theyre
just algorithms albeit highly complex ones but theyll never be as complex as humans are. He mentioned. Expert thomas linda maya begs to differ hes confident that the day will come when a robot can create its own work of art and has an understanding of what is considered aesthetically pleasing. We can program a machine to recognize that with a blue and green go well together or not and this would allow it to recognize if a painting is aesthetically pleasing other components a subjective the way people respond to or not work has to do with their personal experience with a robot alecks these experiences and cant make decisions based on them for the time being robots can do that but in the long run it might be possible. Worlds of matter which is not exist this short sighted five film starring David Hasselhoff was written by an. Artificial Intelligence Program called david boeri bed with Hundreds Of Screenplays It was directed by oscar sharpe but lines and plots are borderline nonsensical. But the program learns quickly. Are robots a threat to creative endeavors or might they actually be an enrichment so i doubt. He will tend to be afraid of the new it makes them insecure they worry about adjusting but thats not how i see it. Arch and Artificial Intelligence for now robots can only be an artists assistance but the day may come when they can create their own masterpieces. Thats all for today next time well be setting up hamburger this but this minced meat is special it was grown in the lab how does that work and how does it taste find out next week on tomorrow today until then but i. Glued. To. The fox. The box. Subsistence first six blocks the most smokers should follow a few strokes trucks move. We make up about three quarters folks that found out that you can see we are the sum of the surface of. The beam on to shape the continents future subjects and judging youngsters as they share their stories their dreams and their challenges except the seven percent to. Dummys platform for africa is joining. They make a commitment. They find solutions. They inspire. Africa on the road. The story of both people making a difference in shaping their nation. And their continent africa on the move stories about motivational change makers taking their destinies into their own hands d. W. Is a new multimedia seriously. D. W. Dot com africa on the move. Into unofficial estimates more than one point two million venezuelans live in colombia legally and illegally. Already at the wall going to to return. To visit friends is that i dont think id ever go back there to live you know what i live there again i dont know so im not sure. Being witness global news that matters. Made for mines. And. Play
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