american university. he also attended the naval war college. the former white house deputy chief of staff, rick dearborn, and former staff secretary robert porter, have refused to appear today despite duly-issued subpoenas from this committee. as i discussed in my opening statement, i strongly disagree with the white house's assertion of absolute immunity. as to mr. dearborn and mr. porter. we are considering all of our available options to enforce the subpoenas. we welcome mr. lewandowski and thank him for participating in today's hearing. if you would please rise, i will begin by swearing you in. do you swear or affirm under penalty of perjury that the testimony you are about to give his true and correct to the best of your knowledge, information, and belief, so help you god? let the record show that the witness has entered in the affirmative. thank you, and please be seated. please note that your written seaweed will be entered into the record in its entirety. i ask that you summarize your testimony in 5 minutes. to help you stay within that time, there is a timing light on