One significant example Research Raises questions about whether Prescription Drugs should be dosed differently for men and women. Does that tell you that we really need to go back and review. . Yes. Stahl what, everything . Pretty much everything. Stahl tonight, what you need to know about these findings and what may or may not be changing. Cooper you may know liam neeson for his role as Oskar Schindler in schindlers list. But at the improbable age of 61, he has become one of hollywoods highest paid action stars. Reports are, for taken 3, youre going to make upwards of 50 million. Youre laughing. Yeah. Cooper tonight, neeson tells why his hardearned success is bittersweet and how he feels over the death of his wife, natasha richardson. Grief hits you like a wave. Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im morley safer. Im bob simon. Im Anderson Cooper. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. Life with Crohns Disease or Ulcerative Colitis is a daily game of what ifs. 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One a day mens vitacraves with key nutrients like bvitamins. All the fun of a gummy thats a complete multivitamin. Pelley this week, president obama will get a report on the developing scandal at the department of veterans affairs. Some v. A. Hospitals are accused of cooking up phony records to conceal waiting times that can stretch into months. This story is about one of the challenges that has strained the v. A. In recent years. Its the large number of vets suffering with posttraumatic stress disorder. Two million vets have served in iraq and afghanistan, and one out of five has p. T. S. D. Overwhelmed by this need, the v. A. Decided to try new treatments originally designed for rape victims. As we first reported last fall, this new p. T. S. D. Therapy has been promising. For two months, doctors and patients allowed us to sit in and listen as troubled vets fought the war within. How can you live the life when everyone is afraid of you . You go to town and people say, thats the crazy vet. Dont mess with him. My wife told me, somethings got to change or we got to leave. Anthony apellido when you try to talk to somebody that hasnt been there, hasnt experienced it, they dont understand. And so you just kind of get laughed at. Pelley the 16 men around this table arrived via afghanistan, iraq, or both. Some are here from vietnam. I see that i do have the opportunity to pick myself up at 63 years old and start all over again. Pelley theyve started over again many times, but their path has led back to isolation, drugs, booze, and suicide attempts. Now, theyre in the v. A. Hospital in little rock, arkansas, where they will live for eight weeks to break through the emotions that have derailed their lives. Eric collins depression, anxiety, anger, worthlessness, guilt. Pelley guilt . Collins survivors guilt. Why me . Why am i alive . Why are they not . Thats one of the hardest thoughts to deal with, you know . Pelley eric collins was wounded in a rocket attack in afghanistan. Over a year, 17 of his buddies died. How did you cope with these feelings of anger and depression and guilt when you first got out . Collins alcohol, and lots of it. Thats where it started off. And the alcohol led to my depression worsening, which led to more substance abuse. So my whole life spiraled downward out of control. Pelley to take control, collins volunteered for one of the new therapies called prolonged exposure. It forces him to work at remembering every detail of what hes tried to forget. Collins next thing, i hear a loud boom, my ears start ringing. And i wake up, open my eyes and im on the ground. Pelley dr. Kevin reeder runs the program. Dr. Kevin reeder how are you feeling at this point . What were you. What were you feeling at that time . Collins anger. Im scared. Im feeling pain my leg, my back, my arm, my whole body. Reeder okay, lets go from the beginning. Got to keep doing this. Collins the next thing i know, i hear a loud boom. Pelley they call it prolonged exposure because collins will relive the story of the attack five times a session. Theres a tape running, and hell listen to his memory throughout the day to break its power. Tell me about prolonged exposure therapy. Reeder sure. Theyve done everything they can to push these memories away. In the process, they havent gained a full realization of the impact and the meaning that these stories have on their lives. I like to use the term, were staring the dragon in the eye. Pelley where do these therapies come from . Reeder a lot of these therapies came about with survivors of physical or sexual abuse, those types of traumas. Pelley what are the similarities . Reeder the symptoms. The symptoms the avoidance, the isolation, the hyper vigilance, extreme anxiety, the irritability, inability to sleep, nightmares same thing; different sources, but same thing. Collins i cant move my legs, cant move my arms. Pelley what does that do for you . Collins it helps me to get past the guilt, survivors guilt. And thats a building block. Every time i get through it, i get stronger and it helps every time. Pelley its okay to be alive . Collins yeah. Pelley and you werent sure that was true before . Collins no, i didnt want to be alive. I wanted to. I wanted to be right there with them. My whole purpose of life was gone. Apellido to lose one of your buddies in a firefight, you dont want to see that, you dont want to feel that again. And so, when you get back to the rear, youre pissed off because you dont want to get close to anybody anymore. Pelley anthony apellido experienced those multiple tours we talked about. He fought for a year in afghanistan, spent one month at home, then went to iraq, and later, afghanistan again. Apellido the more deployments you get, the more time you spend out there, it just keeps on stacking. I mean, the first one, it hurts, but you dont get really time to heal. And then, another one happens and another one. Pelley on his first tour, apellidos patrol was ambushed. Two buddies died and 20 were wounded. Apellido i had no weapon, no one had my back. Pelley they write about days like that in the other key therapy here called cognitive processing. Reeder after a trauma or multiple traumas, often, a person can believe the world just is a dangerous place. And so what we do with c. P. T. , cognitive processing therapy, is they write an impact statement at the beginning of therapy to show them the impact of the trauma on their lives and on their beliefs. Pelley they read that statement about the trauma to the group, and then they discuss how their lives are still held in the grip of war. Gable darbonne i never had a fear of life. I never had a fear of living. I never had a fear of going to the gas station and getting shot while im pumping gas because i needed gas in my car. Pelley they plow through a workbook that challenges their guilt with statements like, i shot a woman in combat, therefore, im worthless or my friend was killed by the enemy. Im responsible. Cognitive processing tries to put the war in the past and help them reexamine who they are today. Its tough. We noticed this on apellidos workbook. Reeder how many of you would go back to a deployed environment with your branch of service right now if that opportunity was available to you . Lot of hands up. Real quick, why are your hands going up so much . Darbonne you miss everything about how hard it was, how bitter you got, how angry and emotional, the things you saw. And you missed that camaraderie, that brotherhood, your buddies, the struggling with things. Man, you. Its everything, but you miss it. You mourn that. Its weird. Its that intimacy. Its. You dont. I will never get that back. None of us will ever get that back. Pelley Gable Darbonne never planned to be part of that brotherhood he mentioned. In 2001, he was out of high school, headed to college. But then 9 11 pushed him to an Army Recruiter instead. Darbonne my mom, she was crying in the kitchen. She goes, gable, you dont know what its like for boys coming back from vietnam, how hard they had it and what they came back with. I said, mom, its different, though. We got attacked. We got attacked. I said, im volunteering. I said, ill take anything. You know, im willing to give my life. Thats how strongly i felt. Pelley darbonne was one of the most thoughtful people we met. He served in afghanistan and iraq. One day, his unit was clearing a house. It exploded and two buddies were burned. Darbonne you know, we got angry, got mad. We get very angry, and we took it out on certain people, you know, and you enjoyed it at the time. You did. Pelley you did things to the iraqis that youre not proud of. Darbonne of course, but that was surviving emotionally, mentally. I was never a violent man. I became different, slowly. We all have that instinct, that survival instinct, and that survival instinct is very real. Pelley at home, the survival instinct didnt let go. Darbonne was like most other vets here; certain triggers brought the instinct back the smell of diesel returned him to his combat outpost, crowds made him fearful. Darbonne i started isolating, and i couldnt do anything. My dad had to come over and mow my lawn. My mom had to come over and pay my bills. I just. I wouldnt leave my house for a day or two. I didnt want to make small talk. I didnt want somebody to ask me, hey, how you doing . I didnt like those words, you know . I just, i got very secluded, like a recluse. Pelley for nine years, darbonne told himself he was okay or would be okay. And then, the folks at work urged him to get help. This was darbonne after seven weeks of selfexamination, as they all prepared to go home. Darbonne when i went in, i had a heart, i volunteered. I dont blame nothing on anybody. I dont blame nothing on myself, i dont blame nothing on my leaders. In fact, i had good leaders. I blame nothing on the army. I think it is just the way it is, and it sucks. I hate it, i hate it. I dont want to go home. People would always ask me when i came back, so, what do i tell my boyfriend when he comes back . Or, how do i approach this with my son . I said, when he starts talking, just listen. Yeah, dont. Dont judge it. You know, just listen. Pelley there is probably a soldier or a marine sitting alone, watching this on television right now. Collins thousands of them, id imagine. Pelley and to them, you would say what . Collins i hope you can find the courage to get help, because all youre doing is killing yourself. And you dont have to live like that. There is good people in this world that are willing to help you. And its been the hardest thing for me to do, but i wouldnt have changed coming here for the world. Pelley in our two months here, 28 men sat around the table. Three couldnt endure it and dropped out. The v. A. Finds that, nationwide, about 77 graduate with a drop in their p. T. S. D. Symptoms. Its progress, but they also have a saying around here there is no cure. Reeder i dont think there is a cure for what were talking about. Were talking about living and putting people more in touch with their lives and emotions and good days and bad days. This isnt cancer, we cant go get it. We have to teach people that they can live with this and live a valued life, a life they want. Pelley after eight weeks here, how you doing . Darbonne how am i doing . I dont know yet. Thats an honest answer. But i know deep down inside, things will work themselves out. Pelley since our visit to little rock, 145 veterans have gone through the residential treatment program. Hundreds more have signed up for treatment there in the coming year. The three vets that we featured eric collins, anthony apellido, and Gable Darbonne all continue to receive help with p. T. S. D. At home. Gable darbonne is taking what he learned in little rock and is working towards becoming a mentor for other vets. He told us, this is a Second Chance for me, one im going to embrace. To learn more about these therapies in our story and how to get help, go to 60minutesovertime. Com. Calling all chief life officers. Good evening, big name authors are unavailable for dispute. A man once thought to be the wealthiest in iran was executed this weekend for bank fraud. And gag sell already getting requests to remove embarrassing web links following a court ruling in europe. 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It turns out men and women metabolize ambien, known generically as zolpidem, very differently, leaving women with more of the drug in their bodies the next morning, and therefore at a greater risk of impaired driving. Ambien zolpidem is now the only Prescription Drug in the country with a different suggested dose for men and women. But as we first reported in february, it is far from an isolated example of differences between the sexes we never imagined. More and more, scientists are realizing that the differences are dangerously understudied and that, pervasively and fundamentally, sex matters. Take aspirin lowdose aspirin lowers the risk of heart attacks in healthy men. But in healthy women, turns out it doesnt, though it does protect women against stroke. And drugs are just the beginning. Sex differences have been found in pain receptors, liver enzymes, even the wiring of the brain. Larry cahill we have generated just a ton of information that suggests that there are sex differences everywhere. Stahl larry cahill, a neuroscientist at the university of california irvine, used to share his fields assumption that males and females, outside the reproductive system, were fundamentally the same. But hes changed his outlook 180 degrees. Ambien, he says, is a case in point. Ambien, prescribed 40 million times just last year, approved 20 years ago were only now finding out that women have been prescribed a dose thats twice as high as they need. Cahill that is a textbook example of whats wrong. How did it happen that, for 20 some years, women, millions of them, were essentially overdosing on ambien . Stahl the f. D. A. Says it made the change after new driving simulation studies established what amount of ambien or zolpidem in the blood the next morning could be dangerous for driving. Dr. Sandra kweder, Deputy Director of the f. D. A. s office of new drugs, says only then did they realize women could be taking too much, since women metabolize the drug differently than men. Sandra kweder so if i took zolpidem, and my brother took the same dose, probably the maximum level of drug in my blood would be 45 higher than his maximum blood level. Stahl now that sounds substantial. Kweder it is substantial. Stahl but we discovered that that 45 difference between men and women had been known to the f. D. A. All along. In the original f. D. A. Review of ambien back in 1992, there was a page called effect of gender, where the f. D. A. Reviewer noted that two key measures of how much drug is in the bloodstream were approximately 45 higher in females than in males. Cahill it appears to say that they found a significant difference in how this drug is being processed in the body. And then the question is, what did they do with that . And the answer appears to be, eh, they. They rationalized it away. Stahl im going to hand you that page, effect of gender. Kweder okay. Stahl the f. D. A. Reviewer went on to write, the results suggest a genderrelated difference. However, the lack of specific details such as study design and individual data make it difficult to draw a definite conclusion. Kweder exactly. Stahl so when you see that they didnt give you enough data, did you go back, or should you have gone back, and said, okay, what was the study design . What was the data . Kweder if i saw this today, in light of todays science, i think we would go back and try to tease this out a little bit further. But i think at the time, this was generally consis. This was sort of business as usual for what you saw in clinical pharmacology studies. Stahl thats because, she says, there was no evidence at the time that the difference mattered. That was 20 years ago, when if someone said womens health, it usually meant what they call bikini medicine breast and ovarian cancer, pregnancy, menstrual cycles. But for parts of the body men and women share hearts, kidneys, the brain, most of the studies were done predominantly on men. If you want to understand me, they study you . Cahill and heres