You hate your competitors . Of course, i do. I want to beat them up. You want to make dannon yogurt and yoplait suffer . Back to france. laughter he is the billionaire creator of chobani yogurt, and a reminder that foreigners dont always take jobs from americans, sometimes they create them a lot of them. Hey brother, how are you doing . Its the first week of the Major League Baseball season. And the sports best story is unfolding an ocean away. The most prolific hitter in japanese baseball is a 22year old named Shohei Ohtani. And the most fearsome starting pitcher is a 22yearold named Shohei Ohtani. Not since babe ruth has the sport seen anything like him. Watch this batting lead off, ohtani hits a home run on the first pitch. Then he throws eight shutout innings, striking out 10 opposing batters with a 100mile an hour fast ball. Thats a comic book character. Nobody does that. Who does that . Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im bill whitaker. Im anderson cooper. Im charlie rose. 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Cooper have you ever wondered if all those people you see staring intently at their smartphones nearly everywhere, and at all times are addicted to them . According to a former google product manager you are about to hear from, Silicon Valley is engineering your phone, apps, and social media to get you hooked. He is one of the few tech insiders to publicly acknowledge that the companies responsible for programming your phones are working hard to get you and your family to feel the need to check in constantly. Some programmers call it brain hacking, and the tech world would probably prefer you didnt hear about it, but Tristan Harris openly questions the long term consequences of it all, and we think its worth putting down your phone to listen. Tristan harris this thing is a slot machine. Cooper how is that a slot machine . Harris well, every time i check my phone, im playing the slot machine to see, what did i get . This is one way to hijack peoples minds and create a habit, to form a habit. What you do is you make it so when someone pulls a lever, sometimes they get a reward, an exciting reward. And it turns out that this design technique can be embedded inside of all these products. Cooper the rewards harris is talking about are a big part of what makes smartphones so appealing. The chance of getting likes on facebook and instagram. Cute emojis in Text Messages. And new followers on twitter. Harris theres a whole playbook of techniques that get used to get you using the product for as long as possible. Cooper what kind of techniques are used . Harris so, snapchats the most popular messaging service for teenagers, and they invented this feature called streaks, which shows the number of days in a row that youve sent a message back and forth with someone. So now you could say, well, whats the big deal here . Well, the problem is that kids feel like, well, now i dont want to lose my streak. But it turns out that kids, actually, when they go on vacation, are so stressed about their streak that they actually give their password to, like, five other kids to keep their streaks going on their behalf. And so, you could ask when these features are being designed, are they designed to most help people live their life . Or are they being designed because theyre best at hooking people into using the product . Cooper is Silicon Valley programming apps or are they programming people . Harris inadvertently, whether they want to or not, they are shaping the thoughts and feelings and actions of people. They are programming people. Theres always this narrative that technology is neutral, and its up to us to choose how we use it. This is just not true. Cooper technologys not neutral . Harris its not neutral. They want you to use it in particular ways, and for long periods of time, because thats how they make their money. Cooper its rare for a tech insider to be so blunt, but Tristan Harris believes someone needs to be. A few years ago, he was living the Silicon Valley dream. He dropped out of a Masters Program at Stanford University to start a software company. Four years later, google bought him out and hired him as a product manager. It was while working there he started to feel overwhelmed. Harris honestly, i was just bombarded in email and calendar invitations, and just the overload of what its like to work at a place like google. And i was asking, when is all of this adding up to, like, an actual benefit to my life . And i ended up making this presentation, it was kind of a manifesto, and it basically said, you know, look, never before in history have a handful of people at a handful of Technology Companies shaped how a billion people think and feel every day with the choices they make about these screens. Cooper his 144page presentation argued that the constant distractions of apps and emails are weakening our relationships to each other, and destroying our kids ability to focus. It was widely read inside google, and caught the eye of one of the founders, larry page. But harris told us it didnt lead to any changes, and after three years, he quit. Harris and its not because anyone is evil or has bad intentions. Its because the game is getting attention at all costs. And the problem is, it becomes this race to the bottom of the brainstem, where if i go lower on the brainstem to get you, you know, using my product, i win. But it doesnt end up in the world we want to live in. We dont end up feeling good about how were using all this stuff. Cooper you call this a race to the bottom of the brainstem. Its a race to the most primitive emotions we have . Fear, anxiety, loneliness, all these things . Harris absolutely. And thats, again, because in the race for attention, i have to do whatever works. It absolutely wants one thing, which is your attention. Cooper now he travels the country trying to convince programmers and anyone else who will listen that the Business Model of Tech Companies needs to change. He wants products designed to make the best use of our time, not just grab our attention. Do you think parents understand the complexities of what their kids are dealing with, when theyre dealing with their phone, dealing with apps and social media . Harris no. And i think this is really important. Because theres a narrative that, oh, i guess theyre just doing this like we used to gossip on the phone. But what this misses is that your telephone in the 1970s didnt have a thousand engineers on the other side of the telephone, who were redesigning it to work with other telephones and then updating the way your telephone worked every day to be more and more persuasive. That was not true in the 1970s. Cooper how many Silicon Valley insiders are there speaking out like you are . Harris not that many. Cooper we reached out to the biggest tech firms, but none would speak on the record and some didnt even return our phone call. Most Tech Companies say their priority is improving user experience, something they call engagement, but they remain secretive about what they do to keep people glued to their screens. So we went to venice, california, where the body builders on the beach are being muscled out by Small Companies that specialize in what ramsay brown calls brain hacking. Ramsay brown a Computer Programmer who now understands how the brain works, knows how to write code that will get the brain to do certain things. Cooper ramsay brown studied neuroscience before cofounding dopamine labs, a startup crammed into a garage. The company is named after the dopamine molecule in our brains that aids in the creation of desire and pleasure. Brown and his colleagues write computer code for apps used by Fitness Companies and financial firms. The programs are designed to provoke a neurological response. Youre trying to figure out how to get people coming back to use the screen . Brown when should i make you feel a little extra awesome, to get you to come back into the app longer . Cooper the computer code he creates finds the best moment to give you one of those rewards which have no actual value, but brown says trigger your brain to make you want more. For example, on instagram, he told us sometimes those likes come in a sudden rush. Brown theyre holding some of them back for you, to let you know later in a big burst. Like, hey, heres the 30 likes we didnt mention from a little while ago. Why that moment cooper so all of a sudden, you get a big burst of likes . Brown yeah, but why that moment . Theres some algorithm somewhere that predicted, hey, for this user right now who is experimental subject 79b3 in experiment 231, we think we can see an improvement in his behavior if you give it to him in this burst instead of that burst. Cooper when brown says experiments, hes talking generally about the millions of computer calculations being used every moment by his company and others to constantly tweak your online experience and make you come back for more. Brown youre part of a controlled set of experiments that are happening in real time, across you and millions of other people. Cooper were guinea pigs . Brown youre guinea pigs. You are guinea pigs in the box, pushing the button and sometimes getting the likes. And theyre doing this to keep you in there. Cooper the longer we look at our screens, the more Data Companies collect about us, and the more ads we see. Ad spending on social media has doubled in just two years to more than 31 billion. Brown you dont pay for facebook. Advertisers pay for facebook. You get to use it for free because your eyeballs are whats being sold, there. Cooper thats an interesting way to look at it, that youre not the customer for facebook. Brown youre not the customer. You dont sign a check to facebook. But cocacola does. Cooper brown says theres a reason texts and facebook use a continuous scroll because its a proven way to keep you searching longer. Brown you spend half your time on facebook just scrolling to find one good piece worth looking at. Its happening because they are engineered to become addictive. Cooper youre almost saying it like theres an addiction code. Brown yeah, that is the case. That, since weve figured out, to some extent, how these pieces of the brain that handle addiction are working, people have figured out how to juice them further and how to bake that information into apps. Larry rosen dinner table could be a technologyfree zone. Cooper while brown is tapping into the power of dopamine, psychologist larry rosen and his team at california state universitydominguez hills are researching the Effect Technology has on our anxiety levels. Rosen were looking at the impact of technology through the brain. Cooper rosen told us, when you put your phone down, your brain signals your adrenal gland to produce a burst of a hormone called cortisol, which has an evolutionary purpose. Cortisol triggers a fightor flight response to danger. Cooper how does cortisol relate to a mobile device, a phone . Rosen what we find is the typical person checks their phone every 15 minutes or less, and half of the time they check their phone, there is no alert, no notification. Its coming from inside their head, telling them, gee, i havent checked on facebook in a while. I havent checked on this twitter feed for a while. I wonder if somebody commented on my instagram post. That then generates cortisol and it starts to make you anxious, and eventually your goal is to get rid of that anxiety, so you check in. Cooper so the same hormone that made primitive man anxious and hyperaware of his surroundings to keep him from being eaten by lions, is today compelling rosens students and all of us to continually peek at our phones to relieve our anxiety. Rosen when you put the phone down, you dont shut off your brain, you just put the phone down. Cooper can i be honest with you right now . I havent paid attention to what youre saying because i just realized my phone is right down by my right foot and i havent checked it in, like, ten minutes. Rosen and it makes you anxious. Cooper im a little anxious. Rosen yes. Cooper we found out just how anxious, in this experiment conducted by rosens research colleague, nancy cheever. Nancy cheever so the first thing im going to do is apply these electrodes to your fingers. Cooper while i watched a video, a computer tracked minute changes in my heart rate and perspiration. What i didnt know was that cheever was sending Text Messages to my phone, which was just out of reach. Every time my text notification went off, the blue line spiked, indicating anxiety caused in part by the release of cortisol. Cheever oh, that one is thats a huge spike right there. And you can imagine what thats doing to your body, every time you get a text message. You probably cant even feel it, right . Because its such a its a small amount of arousal. Cooper thats fascinating. Their research suggests, our phones are keeping us in a continual state of anxiety, in which the only antidote. Is the phone. Is it known what the impact of all this Technology Use is . Rosen absolutely not. Cooper its too soon. Rosen were all part of this big experiment. Cooper what is this doing to a young mind, or a teenager . Rosen well theres some projects going on where theyre actually scanning teenagers brains over a 20year period, and looking to see what kind of changes theyre finding. Gabe zichermann heres the reality. Corporations and creators of content have, since the beginning of time, wanted to make their content as engaging as possible. Cooper Gabe Zichermann has worked with dozens of companies, including apple and cbs, to make their online products more irresistible. Hes best known in Silicon Valley for his expertise in something called gamification, using techniques from video games to insert fun and competition into almost everything on your smartphone. Zichermann so one of the interesting things about gamification and other engaging technologies, is at the same time as we can argue that the neuroscience is being used to create dependent behavior, those same techniques are being used to get people to work out, you know, using their fitbit. So all of these technologies, all the techniques for engagement can be used for good, or can be used for bad. Cooper zichermann is now working on software called onward, designed to break users bad habits. It will track a persons activity and can recommend they do Something Else when theyre spending too much time online. Zichermann i think creators have to be liberated to make their content as good as possible. Cooper the idea that a tech company is not going to try to make their product as persuasive, as engaging as possible, youre just saying thats not going to happen . Zichermann asking Technology Companies, asking content creators to be less good at what they do feels like a ridiculous ask. It feels impossible. And also, its very anti capitalistic. This isnt the system that we live in. Cooper ramsay brown and his garage startup, dopamine labs, made a habitbreaking app as well. Its called space and it creates a 12second delay what brown calls a moment of zen before any social media app launches. In january, he tried to convince apple to sell it in their app store. Brown and they rejected it from the app store because they told us any app that would encourage people to use other apps or their iphone less was unacceptable for distribution in the app store. Cooper they actually said that to you . Brown they said that to us. They did not want us to give out this thing that was going to make people less stuck on their phones. A treatment for teens hooked on their phones, at 60minutesovertime. Com. See me. See me. Dont stare at me. See me. See me. See me to know that psoriasis is just something that i have. Im not contagious. See me to know that. I wont stop until i find what works. Discover cosentyx, a different kind of medicine for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. 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