Rose and we conclude this evening with a conversation about confidence, claire ship man and katty kay wrote a new book called the confidence code, the science and art of selfassurance. We started writing this book because we would interview women all across america, women in incredible positions of important and came across this selfdoubt, people you think would be brimming with confidence would talk to us how they were just lucky to be in the right place in the right time to get their job, were they really deserving of their promotion and it got us thinking there is something about confidence that we wanted to investigation and the book is really an analysis of what confidence is. We have no idea that confidence would turn out to be something you might be born with. Rose the future of afghanistan, the future of Online Education, and the confidence gap between men and women when we continue. Funding for charlie rose is provided by the following. Theres a saying around here you stand behind what you say. Around here, we dont make excuses, we make commitments. And when you cant live up to them, you own up and make it right. Some people think the kind of accountability that thrives on so many streets in this country has gone missing in the places where its needed most. But i know youll still find it, when you know where to look. Captioning sponsored by Rose Communications from our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. Rose as sad is here, ceo of the moby group one of the Largest Media Companies in afghanistan. Moby house it is countrys most Popular Television channel and approximately 15 million daily viewers. Covered the first afghan president ial debate to include all major candidates, he believes the proliferation of free media in the past 12 years is afghanistans most precious achievement and now looking to bring this entrepreneurship to other countries, including iran, egypt, libya and iraq, i am pleased to have him back at this table, welcome. Thank you. And a few more countries. Rose a few more countries. Iran is already up and running. Yes. Isnt submit we are in central asia and south asia and in the middle east now. Rose and you were not trained as a media entrepreneur, i mean you were a banker, you were lots of other things. Yes. But when afghanistan changed, when they threw out the taliban you saw an opportunity. Yes. And one little Radio Station became well, i mean, we were lucky. I mean i think it was by design, more of an accident business accidental business. We set up a business and one thing led to another and lo and behold we have about 20 countries across the region. Rose and partners like Rupert Murdoch. He is a minority shareholder in our company and it is good to have him. Lets talk about the election. Success, i think. Rose seven plus Million People, when they were threatened, onethird of them women, and which many people didnt believe it was possible. Yes. 60 percent participation rate, higher than yours. Rose yes. Of course. Yes. Rose we are less than 50. And it was a bad day. The weather was dad, it was snowing this parts of the country and raining and leading up to the elections it was a war zone, and buildings were getting attack of every day, suicide bombings we lost two good friends in the week prior to the elections. So it was an extraordinary, you know, courage to see people line up to vote. Rose so then we have a runoff . We will see. We will see. Rose do you have a feeling it will go one way or the other . Well, i mean, you know,. Rose based on we have three of the most prominent candidates are all ph. D. S and all forward thinking. Are all western educated, so we have three good candidates, two of whom are leading with 42 and 37 percent each, but they have only counted ten percent of the votes so it is early days we will see if someone will get over 50 percent if not it also will depend in what the mar written is between first and second. Rose so i am confused by this too, how long does it take to count the vote . Well we will have the final results in the first round on the seventh of may. Rose do you think it will change what we think happened now . I think the trends are emerging. Abdullah will still be the leading, have the leading number of votes . It seems like it right now it is probably early to speculate but he probably will be leading the question is how much will he lead by. It is hoped we have a Coalition Government and not have a second round. Rose how will that happened. Technically it happened in 2009. Abdullah was second and dropped out. Rose because he thought it would be corrupt. Yes he had his reasons but the constitution allows for that to happen the basically. Rose what is your judge on hamid karzai. Well, he squandered a lot of opportunities for his country for afghanistan, he has ruined a lot of good relationships like your country, i think history will probably judge him, will be a lot kinder to him because he will be seen as a person who over saw, you know, a decade of development, a decade of change, i mean, in absolute terms the country has changed dramatically since 2001 but for people like us, i mean who have, you know, we are privy to so much more he could have made, he could have made a huge difference to the countrys economy, to its structure, to its infrastructure, and those are opportunities were squandered, having said that and he will get credit for the smooth transition, the smooth political transition, he left on time and difficult not take sides, he has been fairly fairly neutral. Rose what candidate he favored. I think he helped every candidate and sort of was very inclusive. Rose and what is his future in afghan politics . I think he wants to, you know, it is difficult to walk away from power i think he wants to be engaged and he wants to be used, he may want to work on the peace treaty with the taliban, but i dont know. Tell the story about when you were at the age society and holbrook was there, tom preston was introducing you and you all were all backstage and karzai was there. Rose you were not there but karzai knew tom preston, because tom told him was a friend of yours and top was going to introduce karzai. Thats right so holbrook goes to hamid karzai and this is tom a friend of Saddam Hussein and president karzai goes absolutely nuts you know that man is not a patriot. Rose a good businessman but but, you know and this was because in the early dade we wanted to find out as to why the taliban were sort of in terms of their operation why do they have, you know, a support base in the country and the reason why is because the government was so predatory, so corrupt that the taliban has reemerged so we did stories on that and labels me as a pro taliban guy which is not the case how much of the country support the taliban. Less than ten percent, less than ten percent, we did a comprehensive survey of 4,000 people face to face across the country, less than ten percent of the population support the taliban, they dont have a base inside the country, and they dont rose are they paid . I mean who makes up the taliban . Religious students, religious students who have been brainwashed there is no shortage of poor, impoverished young men living on both sides of the borders going to madrasahs mostly in pakistan and getting funding by different groups and support from different governments. Rose karzai would not sign a Security Agreement. Yes. Rose at the same time both of the candidates now leading, two top candidates will support a Security Agreement that will have nato troops remaining in afghanistan. Yes. The 11 candidates, every single one of them said they would sign the agreement, including the fundamentalist candidate that support for the International Troops is now at 75 percent, the afghanistan is a very strange country, we dont like foreigners but ten years on. Rose you kick them out at every turn. But on this occasion they realized that International Engagement is important for the country so karzai was completely, i mean he had he was not gauging the path of the nation so that decision of his has been very costly for him. Rose what is the relationship between afghanistan and china . It is not particularly strong, it is almost nonexistent, chinese invested in the mining sector. Rose thats what i thought. Rose thats what they are doing in africa. Yes, they are not even that serious about it. They havent started work on it and secured the contracts, it is a huge copper mine that they have done nothing since. The chinese are close to the pakastanis and longterm players and not going to do anything rash for now. Ironically, according to our sources when car sigh went to china to gauge as to what, you know, they felt about, u. S. Continued engagement through the bilateral Security Agreement the chinese said do it. Make the deal. Rose make the deal . Make the diseel. Rose because it would stabilize afghanistan. The chinese have their own issues with fundamentalist. Rose and so does putin. And putin also said they would support that but not officially. Rose so what is the future for afghanistan in your judgment . Well, it is a country that is exceptionally, 60 percent is under the age of 20, median age rose 60 percent under 20 . The second youngest country on the planet after uganda. Rose wow. It is an exceptionally rose why is that . I think it is a postwar phenomenon, people have lots of killed, we lost a Million People during the soviet occupation, a million individuals so the population has gone up substantially. You know, we had a Forum Earlier and discussing the changes in the country, 6 Million People out of 30 Million People now have access to the internet, thankfully, most people, 70 percent get the internet via a mobile device. A third of our Internet Users use facebook. Rose wow. And 22 Million People have rose and how is the life of women changed . Well it is going to take a long time but what has changed is education. Education has changed women, the Literacy Rate has gone up substantially since 201 and looking at 35 percent and in the next decade it will go up to 65, 70 percent and in 20 years i its going to go up to 90 percent. It is probably the quickest change in terms of educating a population and a third of our students in schools are women. Rose wasnt the great fear of all of them the taliban returned and all of that would be ripped down . Well i mean the taliban are a nuisance, can they actually go and capture major cities and towns i doubt very much. The Security Forces have improved dramatically. Rose so what did the americans accomplish . They accomplished, you know, rescuing afghanistan, i mean we were we were staring at the abyss, a population that had been completely destroyed, no infrastructure, no education, no civil society, no media, no economy. Rose this was muja dean thrown out the russians. It progressively got worse and for that reason the afghans remained, you know, completely committed to International Engagement. They are very appreciative of what the International Community has done hence the high approval of isf forces. Rose yes. 75 percent. Rose wow. I didnt know that, you dont know that here you think that americans with their sense of the mission in afghanistan is . I mean you travel, you have friends that are americans. I think americans say we wont dont want to be involved in anything. Rose two wars are enough. Two wars are enough but if they look back in terms of what has been achieved and how, you know, the afghans, the one itself the people have changed, i mean they should take pride and in what the u. S. Has a gheefd afghanistan. Afghanistan is not iraq. That we have to be very clear about that. And the country, i mean. Rose how are they different . Well i mean first and foremost we are not going to go through another civil war. We have been there and we have done that. Secondly, antiforeign sentiment, the iraqis i mean in terms of how they feel toward the americans it is very obvious. They are very strong antiamerican sentiment in iraq. We dont have that in afghanistan. And of course the other thing which is very important is this new generation of afghans who are emerging within the business community, within the political establishment very progressive, they are very modern and they are forward thinking. Rose is it still a Tribal Society . It is, but, you know, the urban rule divide is now 5050, all right 5050 you are not seeing this in the figures but based on our own research, you know, close to 50 percent of the population resides in urban centered. That changes the dynamics of the society. Rose you are afghan australian . I am. Your father was a diplomat . He was. Rose i mean are you going to spend more time there . I mean what is your own sense in you are an International Businessman as Rupert Murdoch is, yet, you know, you, the beginning of your own fortune took place in afghanistan you have a invested interest in the country, both of the heart and of the, you know, the Economic Development of your commercial interests will you be more and deeper involved . You have enormous influence. You know, there are seven things we are very committed to. You know, a moderate afghanistan or a moderate yemen or a moderate rose who represents moderation for you . A lot of people. Abdullah abdullah . I think, you know, were lucky can he get past the idea he is he is technically his father is park tan. What he has seen with his relationship to messud am i right or wrong . Yes, you are right because of his association but both candidates have votes right across the country so we are not that divided. Rose so you are happy with either . I am happy with either. Rose because it represents for you a strong after fan, afghan Central Government . And a moderate government . Not an islamic government. I am not streaking a less centralized system, but, you know, they are going to put us on the right track again, and we lost focus because of karzai over the last few years, but we could refocus on our priorities, we have the we just had the political transition, where we are about to conclude elections process, then we have the security transition, the americans. Rose right . 2014. In 2014. And then we have economic transition. We have to ensure our economy, which is very much reliance on the International Community in terms of aid and so forth. Rose you are my afghan sort of barometer in terms of your by necessity, you have to have a sense of the pulse of what is happening there, and i have never seen you more optimistic and i knew you were very worried and it wasnt that long ago. Yes. Rose and you have completely is it because karzai is leaving and the election looks like it is going to choose one of two options that you feel like are better . Listen, regardless of who comes in he will have a honeymoon domestically and honeymoon internationally. We are going to have the opportunity once again to go back to the rest of the world and say listen we appreciate your help and are grateful for what you have done, for the loss of lives and the billions of dollars you have spent on the country, of which ironically a small percentage ended up inside of afghanistan. And lets work, lets Work Together again. Rose so what about pakistan . Well, pakistan is a problem just not because of afghanistan, but also because of domestically what is going on inside of pakistan. I mean. Rose the afghan war would have been a very different war if in fact pakistan didnt provide safe haven that is what every American Military leader will tell you. No Certain Group can survive without a sanctuary, without assistance but for pakistan the taliban are now a serious domestic problem and they have to face up to the fact that they have to work with the afghans to eradicate this group that, you know, wishes to drag both countries down, you know, this black hole. You know, the population of pakistan is set to grow to 400 million by 25th it will be the fourth largest country in the world, that is the population of afghanistan is said to grow to 100 million and 16th largest country in the world by 25th. Rose by 205 2050 afghan will be the 16th largest country in the world. Afghanistan will have half a. A and serious threat to global when you look down the road that is the biggest concern you have. It is a major problem and we are working with the Gates Foundation to eradicate polio in both countries. There are only three or four countries. Polio reappeared in the arab, you know, in syria in egypt and those places. Rose right. It has the pakastani strain, so it is not just a question of radicals going from pakistan to syria, there are also spreading other things i mean this is one of the concerns we have that of the area remains radicalized it will impact the whole region. Rose what do you think is happening in syria right now . I think it was bungled by mostly your government. There was an opportunity to incubate an opposition, to work with a like minded countries. Rose you think that will be an indictment in the legacy of barack obama . Yes. A huge opportunity was squandered, i believe because now what do you do with these groups you have starting from scratch what is going to be possible . You wont get rid of these people. And a lot of people ask this question a valid question, sort of, as sad is more assad is more palatable than a super Wahabi Al Qaeda group. Rose what happens to mullah omar . He is probably somewhere in pakistan. Rose for sure he is somewhere in pakistan. You know. And going about his life like bin laden did, probably, i would suspect. Rose you assume the pakastani government knew about bin laden . Well, the stuff we read rose . You like her a lot, dont you . Or not . Well, not like. I think that she knows the region very, very well and rose and i was surprisingly what is the right word, not of on