Discussion of Artificial Intelligence with john kelly, head of research at i. B. M. And conversation that first aired on 60 minutes. Charlie, most people think of watson as the game machine on jeopardy that most infamous match 40 years ago. But watson is more than that. Watson is the beginning of a whole era of computing. When you think of computer which has almost a century of technology, started with mechanical switches that counted things, and then we moved to programmable systems that we told the system what to do and it improved our productivity. Watson is the first of the next generation of computing built for big data and extracting understanding from massive amounts of data to help humans make better decisions so its an entirely different computer. Cardinal Peter Turkson in rome and Artificial Intelligence when we continue. Rose funding for charlie rose has been provided by the following and by bloomberg, a provider of multimedia news and Information Services worldwide. Captioning sponsored by Rose Communications from our studios in new york city, this is charlie rose. Good evening. Charlie is away tonight traveling on assignment. Im Mark Halperin of bloomberg politics. Cardinal Peter Turkson is one of pope francis closest advisors. He will be running the new Vatican Office charging issues of migrants, the poor and those in need. Hes also in charge of the dangers of capitalism in an era of Climate Change and global poverty. He spoke with charlie in rome friday morning. Rose i have the great pleasure of introducing to you. I said to him, cardinal turkson, what do i call you . He said, how about peter . I wont use peter. I will use cardinal turkson. He is at the forefront of the ideas we have been discussing this morning as weve got upstarted as we have laid out the imperative of this conference. He has some familiarity with the united states, having been to school there. He went back to ghana, became an archbishop, then cardinal first nominated by Pope John Paul ii, then Pope Benedict brought him to the vatican, and pope francis has given him this new responsibility. Here is what pope francis said to him when he handed over this responsibility which begins in january 2017. He will be competent particularly with regard to migrants, those in need, sick, excluded, marginalized, imprisoned, unemployed as well as victims of armed conflict, natural disasters and all forms of slavery and torture. You, sir, have your hands full. Thank you. Thats quite a case. First, good morning to all of you, very glad to be in your midst this morning to share these thoughts of pope francis with you. Now, if governments were to deal with this h i dont know how many ministries they would have to deal with these issues, and its all because pope francis, as part of his reform, he decided to bring the different offices. There used to be an office out there with migrants. There used to be an office with humanitarian assistance and then an office that dealt with healthcare and sanitation. But i suppose to bring them all for a very good arrowhead for penetration and effectiveness, he decided to bring them all together under one head. So thats what were prepared for. Right from the beginning, we decided it should not be a conglomerate of offices. We decided to formulate a new vision of pope francis for the churchs involvement in the social arenaa. When were done well see what offices and structures we need to carry out the vision of pope francis. So thats what were doing now. Rose you had a lot to do with the popes insippicle on the environment. Some consider you the primary architect connecting what happened with the environment and poverty. But i want to pick up again on this theme. Tell me what you think of business. What do you think of business and what you think might come out of this conference in terms of what business can do and what the church can do in a very concrete way in attacking questions of poverty and inequality. Coconcretely, now, i came to the vatican in 2010. This was the midst of the financial crisis. And, so, we thought that it was our responsibility to provide a way of looking at this financial situation, and part of it was business, called banking and all of that. One of the first things we did was help and encourage the church to stop pointing, accusing fingers at the world of business. So we produce a small booklet which we call the vocation of the business leader, and with that invited Business Leaders to consider what they do in terms of their vocation. Now, vocation for us is for when people wan want to become priesr nuns. Its transformative in their role as cocreators, partners with god in making the resources of nature serve the good of humanity. So we say god created a tree. God did not create furniture. It requires business to traction form trees into furniture, to transform minerals into what we use. Essentially, thats what we think a business is. Its a partner with god in bringing the resources of nature to the concrete use of humanity and, therefore, business serves not only those who enable business to invest, but those who need to benefit from business. So this is what we encourage business to do. Sometimes we have to encourage businesses to recognize basically three things to ensure what itself is dignified, to insure wealth which they make is also good wealth, and to ensure that the customer, the relationship is also good. And we think when this is solved, then basically business is very dignified in our role in society. Rose how does business balance its responsibility to its stockholders with its responsibility to stakeholders, being humanity . Stakeholders enable business to do what they do. They invest, bring in money to be able to do business. But the character of business depends on more than those who bring i in the money. There are other people who live on the terrain. There are people whose lives will be transformed by the mining activity and who may be moved to one side or the other. So involved in this is more than, you know, investors. So we encourage more if you want a holistic view, you know, of business and its activity. At the end of the day, bottom line for us is that everything that happens should serve the well being of the human person. And what we say, therefore, is that the human person is the only thing god created for its own sake. Everything else was created for the well being and to serve the human person. The human person was the one who was created not to serve anything else but for its own sake as it were, and when business or any other human activity or engagement tends to make man serve another goal or aim, we want to remind everything should serve the well being of the human. Rose does the Church Believe that there is a necessary regulation and for example, it is not so much the market economy but the ideology that too often lies bind it, the dee fide market which resists the political oversight and regulation. What did the holy father mean . When you meet him tomorrow, i think hell probably tell you what he meant. laughter but there is something from this we can pick up. What i referred to when i got here, we put it in a small booklet and called it reforming the Financial System and then went on to say, in the light of the global, you know, authority, Global Financial authority. The booklet was well received in several places and brought us at one point to frankfort to a bank to discuss with business people, investors, bank leaders and all of that. Everything, the analysis we made of the crisis was accepted. We identified moral causes. We identified technological causes. But when it came to establishing Global Authority to exercise oversight of finance, there we had the greatest with we assistance. So the establishment of any form of authority to, you know, regulate this is not easy, and probably thats what the pope is referring to. The second point, the only way we can ensure and guarantee that you know it so well, you know. Every now it comes up the rates. A certain amount is necessary to ensure the ethical part of this. Rose in america they call it doddfrank. Okay. Rose the dignity of work. Youve asked the world to consider the dignity of work and whether we ought to be about having machines perform the work of human beings. This, i think, is going to be a problem that would engage our creativity and attention for quite a bit of time. Since the days of Pope John Paul ii, weve been invited not to reduce work, but to recognize what it does to the human person. So we have been invited to recognize the objective and subjective character of work, not reduce to what we produce, but what also the worker and the human person. It ensure its dignity not because of the salary and it can put bread on the table of the family, but also creates an opportunity to exercise its own creativity, put to work his own talents and his godendowed riches. So work, therefore the sense of work is not to be what we produce, but to recognize that work also improves the subjective nature, character of the one who exercises work. The dignity then of the human person is made manifest also in what he produces or what he does. Thats probably also the only way that any human person created in the image and likeness of god resembles god and produces things out of his own creativity, talents and endowments. And thats rose for his own sense of dignity and the dignity of his family. Yeah. Rose michael gerson, a columnist for the washington post, said talking about globalization and the rise of populism and all of that, said, the davo said in globalized elite, are leading participants in the Economic System with the global chain, freely moving capital and rapid innovation that during the past 20 years has taken a billion people out of extreme poverty around the world. This is arguably the greatest humanitarian achievement in history. Without debating the greatest, thats a remarkable achievement. Certainly. Rose and i come back to it, whats necessary to make sure that government, n. G. O. S, business, with all the resources, with all the opportunities, with all the Human Capital that businesses have, the best and brightest, in many cases, how do you employ it along lines of morality and profit . The statement you just quoted of business and having lifted a lot of people out of poverty goes on to say, if we quoted from the same source, goes on to say, wh while it lifts so many t of poverty, it also increases inequality. So it lifts out of quality but also inequality. And for us it would be great, if lifting people out of poverty doesnt increase inequality in any way. So what does it require . I think it is to be commended that business, you know, and trade and commerce and all of that help spread wealth in a very different way. An opportunity, occasion for people to exercise their own creative talents, to exercise work and all, but it would be great if, in the process, we are able to also make the spread of business and the spread of, you know, avenues of work and all that, help us also reduce the inequalities that ensue from this, so that, you know, i dont know how many problem not to go into countries and i cite examples, in certain cases it introduces a lot of wealth but also widens the gap between the rich and the poor. Rose so the question is, could it have reduced could it have lifted so many people out of poverty without increasing the gap of inequality . Could it have done that and what is the pathway to do that . And what can the church contribute . I think the part, as you observe, is not to make profit the Main Objective of Business Investment and all activities, but to make or establish tas main goal of business the ultimate lifting of people out of poverty and the well being of the human person. I know this requires investment, but profitmaking and all of that may not be the objective. As for what the church can do, i think the church can serve as a very decent outlet for promoting and lifting people out of poverty by way of direction, resources and investment to the needy areas where this needs to be exercised. And we have a case before us now. We now target looking at haiti, central republic south sudan, these are places which have poverty and we need to adopt a model that enables them to definitely and concretely emerge out of poverty. So next year one of our purposes would be not to see the path which has failed. I think we have the means to change how people live and do it through housing, work and access to work. Housing no, access to work is the same. So housing, work and, if you want, what we call land, okay, access to property, access to land they can use. When we ensure each one having a roof over their head and work they can do to sustain their lives and their family and ultimately something that they can call their own per time. Mmhmm. We wish we can do well. You know, i think there is a lot of good will out there. Rose yes. There is a lot of show and display of good will to respond to the call of action, if you want, by pope francis. Weve received guests from a fast food chain who have come to our office and said what can we do . We say, fine, begin by looking at your supply chain and try to improve in your supply chain. If youre able to do that, you would already have very many people. They come and say we recognize the access to energy, its a problem in some areas, a lot of developing countries. So they want help with the production of a very big scale of solar system so that people dont struggle with smoke and lung cancer and stuff like that. Thats something that we welcome, and if it may be enough information, on account of this, the vatican accepted to participate in the exploring 2017. The team is new forms of energy for the future, and the vatican accepted to participate. Suddenly, we go in there not because we can display new technologies about energy, but were going there to try to tell a story about energy that is about the world being of humanity. So thats why we go there. About human life, and emphasize the Positive Side of lifting people out of poverty and conclude with something that normally is not considered, thats energy within all of us, and we identify that as Spiritual Energy that leads us to pray, to meditate to do all the good things. Rose cardinal turkson, thank you for coming. Thanks to you all. applause rose heres what i want to know who is watson . What is watson . Well, you know, charlie, most people think of watson as that game machine on jeopardy, the infamous match become five years ago. But watson is much, much more of that. Watson is the beginning of a whole new era of computing. When you step back and think about computing which has almost a century of technology, started with mechanical switches that counted things, and then we moved to programmable systems that we told the system what to do and it improved our product iflt. Watts b is the first of the watson is the first of the next generation of computing to understand massive amounts of data to help humans make better decisions. Its an entirely different computer. Rose tell me about watsons intelligence. Watson gains its swell generals from the data its gathered or given. So it has no inherent intelligence as it starts, its essentially a child. But as its given data and outcomes, it learns, which is dramatically different from all computing systems in the past which really learned nothing. The more it interacts with people, the more data it gets, the smarter it gets. Rose whats its potential . Is. Its potential is unlimited because data keeps growing every day, it doubles every year. So the more data is fed, the learning continues to work and as it interacts with humans it gets smarter and never forgets. Rose this is almost like youre watching something grow up. Youve seen the birth, seen it pass the test, seen it get shatterer, youve seen it assimilate more. Youre watching adolescence. Thats a great analogy. On the jeopardy game five years ago, we put the computer on television, we let go of it and had no control of it. I felt as if i was putting my child on a school bus and i would no longer have control over it because it was going to start to learn. Rose it was reacting. It had no idea what questions it would get. It was totally selfcontained. I couldnt touch it any longer and its learned ever since. So fast forward from the game show five years ago. Rose how did you do it . We worked with the best people in the field, with the best computer scientists, but we work with the best oncologists at sloa m. D. Anderson and other. We ingest all the medical journals and watson learned over that time. Rose at its core, watson helps find information. No, it helps us make better decisions. The analogy i would use, charlie, is that, really, the search that were used to today on the internet helps us find information. It will take a key word and find something related to it. Rose watson does what . Watson goes through that information, but it understands the information. It reasons on that information. Rose reasons . Easons on that information. It builds a model for whats being said. It understands relationships. Its not just looking for key words, and it will come back with an answer to a question or an observation that we as humans cant see. Rose but it is only as good as the information you can put in it. Thats correct, and it can only learn if we give it more information. We have already consumed all the worlds medical literature. Every day it gets updates on every clinical trial, every drug discovery, so its in real time. Rose every medical document, every clinical trial, everything of importance to making a decision in the medical arena, the data is already there and watson has it. And its updated every day. Rose so how does watson analyze it . So watson takes it in, and then it has a series of computer learning engines that tries to make sense of what its seeing, and its already built a model in its head, if you will, its built a model of its world and as it gets new information, it assimilates that knowledge and tries to put it in categories much is same which as with we do. Rose how much control do you give it . We control through the data that we see. We do not give it infinite data in areas we dont want it to have, so we feed it data thats relevant that it will learn on. Rose people say when they hear about Artificial Intelligence and this thing youve created called watson named after one of the i. B. M. Founders yes. Rose