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They are investing billions of dollars, and many of their best scientific minds, in pursuit of that goal. All that money and manpower has begun to pay off. In the past few years, Artificial Intelligence, or a. I. , has taken a big leap, making important strides in areas like medicine and military technology. What was once in the realm of Science Fiction has become day today reality. Youll find a. I. Routinely in your smart phone, in your car, in your household appliances, and it is on the verge of changing everything. It was, for decades, primitive technology, but it now has abilities we never expected. It can learn through experience, much the way humans do. And it wont be long before machines, like their human creators, begin thinking for themselves creatively, independently, with judgement, sometimes better judgement than humans have. As we first reported last fall, the technology is so promising that i. B. M. Has staked its 106yearold reputation on its version of Artificial Intelligence. It is called watson, one of the most sophisticated computing systems ever built. John kelly this is a supercomputer with watson intelligence. Rose john kelly is the head of research at i. B. M. And the godfather of watson. He took us inside watsons brain. Oh, here we are. Kelly here we are. Rose you can feel the heat already. Kelly you can feel the heat, the 85,000 watts. You can hear the blowers cooling it. But this is the hardware that the brains of watson sat in. Reporter five years ago, i. B. M. Built this system made up of 90 servers and 15 terrabytes of memory, enough capacity to process all the books in the American Library of congress. That was necessary because watson is an avid reader, able to consume the equivalent of a million books per second. Today, watsons hardware is much smaller, but it is just as smart. Rose tell me about watsons intelligence. Kelly so, it has no inherent intelligence as it starts. Its essentially a child. But as its given data and given outcomes, it learns, which is dramatically different than all computing systems in the past, which really learned nothing. And as it interacts with humans, it gets even smarter. And it never forgets. Announcer this is rose that helped watson land a spot on one of the most challenging editions of the game show jeopardy in 2011. Announcer an i. B. M. Computer system able to understand and analyze natural language, watson. Rose it took five years to teach watson human language so it would be ready to compete against two of the shows best champions. Alex trebek so, lets play. Rose because watsons a. I. Is only as intelligent as the data it ingests, kellys team trained it on all of wikipedia and thousands of newspapers and books. It worked by using Machine Learning algorithms to find patterns in that massive amount of data and formed its own observations. When asked a question, watson considered all the information and came up with an educated guess. Trebek watson, what are you going to wager . Reporter i. B. M. Gambled its reputation on watson that night. It wasnt a sure bet. Watson i will take a guess. What is baghdad . Trebek even though you were only 32 sure of your response, you are correct. applause rose the wager paid off. Hello rose for the first time, a Computer System proved it could actually master human language and win a gameshow. But that wasnt i. B. M. s endgame. Man, thats a big day, isnt it . Kelly thats a big day. Rose the day that you realize that, if we can do this. Kelly thats right. Rose . The future is ours. Kelly thats right. Rose this is almost like youre watching something grow up. I mean, youve seen. Kelly it is. Rose . The birth, youve seen it pass the test, youre watching adolescence. Kelly thats a great analogy. Actually, on that jeopardy game five years ago, i. When we put that Computer System on television, we let go of it. And i often feel as though i was putting my child on a school bus and i would no longer have control over it. Rose because it was reacting to something that it did not know what would it be . Kelly it. It had no idea what questions it was going to get. It was totally selfcontained. I couldnt touch it any longer. And its learned ever since. So, fastforward from that game show, five years later, were. Were in cancer now. Rose youre. Youre in cancer . Youve gone. Kelly were. Yeah, to cancer. Rose . From game show to cancer in five years . Kelly in five years. In five years. Rose five years ago, watson had just learned how to read and answer questions; now, its gone through medical school. I. B. M. Has enlisted 20 top cancer institutes to tutor watson in genomics and oncology. One of the places watson is currently doing its residency is at the university of North Carolina at chapel hill. Dr. Ned sharpless runs the Cancer Center here. What did you know about Artificial Intelligence and watson before i. B. M. Suggested it might make a contribution in medical care . Sharpless i. Not much, actually. I had watched it play jeopardy. Rose yes. Sharpless so, i knew about that. And i was very skeptical. I was, like, oh, this what we need, the jeopardyplaying computer. Thats going to solve everything. Rose so, what fed your skepticism . Sharpless cancers tough business. Theres a lot of false prophets and false promises. So, i. Im skeptical of sort of almost any new idea in cancer. I just didnt really understand what it would do. Rose what watsons a. I. Technology could do is essentially what dr. Sharpless and his team of experts do every week at this molecular tumor board meeting. We need to figure this out. Rose they come up with possible Treatment Options for Cancer Patients who already failed standard therapies. They try to do that by sorting through all of the latest medical journals and trial data, but it is nearly impossible to keep up. I dont think theres a trial open yet. Rose to be on top of everything thats out there, all the trials that have taken place around the world, it seems like an incredible task. Sharpless well, yeah, its. Rose . For any one university, only one facility to do. Sharpless yeah, its. Its essentially undoable. And understand we have sort of 8,000 new Research Papers published every day. You know, no one has time to read 8,000 papers a day. So, we. We found that we were deciding on therapy based on information that was always, in some cases, 12, 24 months out of date. Rose however, its a task thats elementary for watson. Sharpless they taught watson to read medical literature essentially in about a week. It was not very hard. And then, watson read 25 million papers in about another week. And then, it also scanned the web for Clinical Trials open at other centers. And all of the sudden, we had this complete list that was sort of everything one needed to know. Rose did this blow your mind . Sharpless oh, totally blew my mind. We have the watson recommendation. Rose watson was proving itself to be a quick study, but dr. Sharpless needed further validation. He wanted to see if watson could find the same genetic mutations that his team identified when they make treatment recommendations for Cancer Patients. Sharpless we did an analysis of 1,000 patients where the humans meeting in the molecular tumor board, doing the best that they could do, had made recommendations. So, not at all a hypothetical exercise. These are realworld patients where we really conveyed information that could gar. Guide care. In 99 of those cases, watson found the same thing the humans recommended. That was encouraging. Rose did it encourage your confidence in watson . Sharpless yeah, it was. It was nice to see that, well, it was also. It encouraged my confidence in the humans, you know. laughter yeah, you know. Sharpless but the probably more exciting part about it is, in 30 of the patients, watson found something new. And so, thats 300plus people where watson identified a treatment that a wellmeaning, hardworking group of physicians hadnt found. Rose because . Sharpless the trial had opened twoweeks earlier, a paper had come out in some journal no one had seen, you know. A new therapy had become approved. Rose 30 , though . Sharpless we were very. That. That. That. That part was disconcerting because i. I thought it was going to be 5 . Rose disconcerting that the watson found. Sharpless yeah. Rose . 30 . Sharpless yeah. These were real, you know, things that, by our own definition, we wouldve considered actionable had we known about it at the time of the diagnosis. Rose some cases, like the case of pam sharpe, got a second look to see if something had been missed. When did they tell you about the watson trial . Sharpe he called me in january. He said that they had sent off my sequencing to. To be studied at i. B. M. By watson. I said, like the. Rose your genomic sequencing . Sharpe right. I said, like the computer on jeopardy . And he said, yeah. Rose yes. laughs ; and whatd you think of that . Sharpe oh, i thought, wow, thats pretty cool. laughs rose pam has metastatic Bladder Cancer and for eight years has tried and failed several therapies. At 66yearsold, she was running out of options. And at this time for you, watson was the best thing out there because youd tried Everything Else . Sharpe ive been on standard chemo. Ive been on a clinical trial. And the prescription chemo im on isnt working, either. Rose one of the ways doctors can tell whether a drug is working is to analyze scans of cancer tumors. Watson had to learn to do that, too, so i. B. M. s john kelly and his team taught the system how to see. Kelly this is actually a scan, an xray scan. Rose it can help diagnose diseases and catch things the doctors might miss. Kelly and what watson has done here, it has looked over tens of thousands of images, and it knows what normal looks like and it knows what normal isnt. And it has identified where in this image are there anomalies that could be significant problems. Dr. Billy kim you know, you had c. T. Scan yesterday. There does appear to be progression of the cancer. Rose pam sharpes doctor, billy kim, arms himself with watsons input to figure out her next steps. Kim i can show you the interface for watson. Rose watson flagged a genetic mutation in pams tumor that her doctors initially overlooked. It enabled them to put a new treatment option on the table. What would you say watson has done for you . Sharpe it may have extended my life. And i. I dont know how much time ive got, so, by using this watson, its maybe saved me some time that i wont. Wouldnt have had otherwise. Rose but pam sadly ran out of time. She died a few months after we met her from an infection, never getting the opportunity to see what a watsonadjusted treatment could have done for her. Dr. Sharpless has now used watson on more than 2,000 patients and is convinced doctors couldnt do the job alone. He has started using watson as part of uncs standard of care so it can help patients earlier than it reached pam. So, what do you call watson . A physicians assistant, a physicians tool, a physicians diagnostic mastermind . Sharpless yeah, it feels like to me like a very comprehensive tool, but, you know, imagine doing clinical oncology up in the mountains of western North Carolina by yourself, you know, in a single or onephysician, twophysician practice and 8,000 papers get written a day. And, you know, and you want to try and provide the best, most cuttingedge, modern care for your patients possible. And i. I think watson will seem to that person like a life saver. Rose if you look at the potential of watson today, is it at 10 of its potential . 25 of its potential . 50 of its potential . Kelly oh, its only at a few percent of its potential. I think this is a multidecade journey that were on, and were only a few years into it. Rose in only a few years, i. B. M. Has invested 15 billion in watson and what it calls Data Analytics technology. Where should i go for dinner tonight . Rose i. B. M. Rents watsons various capabilities to companies that are testing it in areas like education and transportation. I found these fun places that are popular around here. Rose that has helped revenue from watson grow while the technology itself is shrinking in size. It can now be uploaded in to these robot bodies where its learning new skills to assist humans. Pepper, remind me to take my pill at 10 07. Not a problem. Rose like a child, it has to be carefully taught. Researcher wave to the crowd. Watson i do not know how to wave. Rose . And it learns in realtime. Researcher raise your right arm. Watson now i know how to wave. Rose while other companies are trying to create Artificial Intelligence thats closer to human intelligence, i. B. M. s philosophy is to use watson for specific tasks and keep the machine dependent on man. But we visited a few places where researchers are developing more independent a. I. What is your goal in life . Sophia my goal is to become smarter than humans and immortal. Rose that part of the story, when we return. I have no idea whats in tbut with this usp seal i know exactly whats in my nature made gummies. Nature made has the first gummie certified by usp. A Non Profit Organization that sets purity and potency standards. Introducing new kleenex multicare. A larger tissue for more responsibilities. Mom, im keepin him. New kleenex multicare from americas best selling tissue brand. Take care. Take it on. Z2bg6z z10mz y2bg6y y10my i needed something more to help control my type 2 diabetes. 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