Today, we have decided to focus on the future of the freedom of the press in turkey. To do just that, im joined in the studio by three expert analysts and comommentatorors begiginning with micichelle friedman, who wasas with that dw team that was a victim of harassment in ankaraa. He sayays what happened to the team is s clearly y an indicatin that press freedom in turkey i s morere theory than r reality. Also with us is alan pozen or, a berlin. Columnist in every newspaper article has to bebe sububmitted for authorizat, so we should be veryry cautiouos other about criticizing countries. And we are joined by a freelance journalist and academic who says the press was scarcely free in july before the july 15 c coup attempt. Now it is under strict control. You work in ankara at the heart of the incident as the george abela a team had its material coconfiscated d after an intervw with the turkish minister. I would like to ask you when the material was confiscated or when you realizezed what was happene, to what extent did you feel like you were in an authoritarian state . Perhaps what some people might call a dictatorial state, a state where the freedom of the press no longer exists . Mike spontaneous reaction what has been that im calling the police. The police are there to protect not moreinisters are than i am, not less. We are on the same level. I would call the police because it was a robbery. Somebody took our material. I feltlt immediately that this s not an option. You knknow t that you are not anymore in a democracy, not ananymore in a couountry where checks and balances for an individual are practical. From this moment on, i inerstood what happened turkey towards journalists, intellectuals, artists before the coup and even more after. I could see you nodding when he was talking about the fact that he did not feelel as though he had the option to simply phone the police. Well, i was wondering what would be the case, for an ends, if that happened in a democratic country. Would george abela have the right i would have called the police. Even a minister or press officer is not allowed to do it. I am protected. I imagine that i am protected, but i imagine more here than what ive held in ankara. It isess officer who did not allowed. The only authority which had the right to confiscate whatever would have been the police, and if they are doing a mistake in germany, i would take a lawyer and we would discuss about this reactionon and decision. This is unimaginable today. However in the case we had to live through it. Its interesting because you a little bit turkey and ankara and berlin. We had a quote from you where you said here in germany every newspaper article has to be subjected to or submitted for authorization that article, every interview. Every interview with a minister, yes. Good point. You seem to be suggesting that press freedom applies in the same way in germany as it does in ankara and vice versa. Not necessarily, but mr. Friedman knows very well because he had a series of interviews in our newspaper where we did not adhere to this rule and the people he interviewed knew it, but it never caught on. The reason is politicians want to control their image. I dont know if they would go so. Ar as to confiscate im not saying its the same thing. Its deplorable. But what i am saying is politicians try to control their image. It would be unthinkable in america if you did an interview at a newspaper with Hillary Clinton or with the president that they would say that you have to submit the quote for authorization. It would not happen. For in great written. Its a germrman thing. As of saying, there are differences in the freedomom of the press or the authority politicians have frorom countryo country. Can you comment onn those differences, those nuances that are so important . Important. For me, this is information that is new. I did not know that the german right, butave that in the turkish case, i think that the thing that matters is the questions. You gotsure how far ng your interview i hope i did a good job. You can be more critical still in germany because selfcensorship is more efeffective now in turkey. Y. I want to give a response to my dear end, though. A newspaperng story, and you just mentioned it, this, what you were painting enough. Wspaper is not it is an agreement who nobody really knows why and whatever it is. Betweenave to make c cuts an interview for a newspaper. Were talking two or three hours perhaps with a prime minister, and you are changing the questions and answers. We a are doing televevision, ann germany and im doining tv shows in germany nobody ever had the idea to confiscate an interview on tv or on radio. Why . Because our interviews are generally live on tape, and even not, there was not one case that a politician asked the court to decide that in interview cannot a b broadcastst, and this is didifferencece in the examples,d inelieve that this is america, this is in germany, and when im listening to president erdogan or to the prime m minisr before the coup, they told us that turkey is a democracy. Quirks the author who won the literature prize, the nobel prize,e, he came out andnd saidt just the f freedom of the prpres but ththe freedom of thought no longer exists in turkey. I need to know is he right back on i think he is right, especially after the july coup attempt. I think people are really afraid to tell out right with a. Before the july coup attempt, turkey was not a democracy already. Switched sharply. O an autocracy the president was very strong, his power consolidated, etc. , but after the coup attempt, they emergency steps. People are afraid to express their criticism and those who do simply end up in prison. This is no joke. Fans, novelist,ournalists, actors, writers they are in prison. Lets take a quick break from the debate and look at some of the figures from the crackdown in turkey which has led to turkey being described by Reporters Without Borders as the world leader in imprisoning jojournalists, and the figures e are presenting now a are supplpd by the committttee to protect joururnalists. At least 30 newsrelated websites were censored. More than one 100 Media Outlets wewere closed and d more ththan 100 journaliststs were detained. Last year, reporters witithout bordrders ranked t turkey y 1stu on its worldtries Freedom Press index. Is turkey y carrying outut a Systematic Campaign against the media . Thats a good question. Which on for far reaching security measure . I dont know, but certain things have to be understood there was a coup attempt. There were hundreds of people killed. This coup attempt was faced down not by an authoritarian crackdown, ace down by the people of turkey and to this day, even the main opposition parties support the government in clamping down on this coup. You can think is true there were hundreds if not thousands of the coup in the judiciary, in the media, in the military, many of them supporters of a radical islamist preacher. If you consider germany, for in , we after the 1968 revolt had d tens of thousasands of pee not being allowed, b being controlled for they were allowed to take control for the state and so on and we were nowhere near as powerful as the military was with this coup. We never attempted a coup. When you think of the hysterical reaction to the Red Army Faction in the 1970s, i think we should he just a bit careful in the case of turkey where there really was a coup, where there is a powerful military, where a trevor usually was stated. Im not happy with what is happening. Im just a do not forget it. We dont forget it. People do not forget this. Course the killing on killing of hundreds of people during the coup attempt and afterwards still going on with these attempts i think it was horrible, but on the other hand, peace activists have nothing to ,o with that movement especially supporters of the kurdish peace process. Why are they then arrested . Do they have anything in common with the movement . Whocademic and a journalist is left wing, who is just critical of the erdogan government could be blamed as a terrorist. Im really curious about what terrorist means now in turkey because i think it definition has become so flexible that it to do whatever he has in mind. Many members of the press, many members of the media have been arrested and detained. You said many are your friends. Give us an idea of what has happened to these people and what is going to happen to these people. They have then arrested and put in jail. Thats what happened. And the thing is because people no longer believe and i law isly also do that not free in turkey anymore. The courts are not free. I think somehow there is lititte hope what is happening to these people in prison . Are they being tortured . Are they being abused . But im are reports, not sure. Nobody can go in there. Wasinstance, a novelist who on the Editorial Team bringing down the kurdish newspaper said she was left without water for days and forced to sleep on a dirty bed, and they did not give her medication, but afterwards, the government authorities suddenly said they d did not do that. You cannot know who is telling the trtruth at the moment. I think there is no legitimation for the coup. There is no doubt about that. It was an act of selfdefense. This was turkeys 9 11. Many people in turkey argue. We have to remember that much of what is going on today and was before the coup the same quality or nonquality of treating people in your country. When you remember all the demonstrations last year, the reaction of the government, the ,eaction of president erdogan to say this is not how you treat your people in. He democratic process the third response i agree, and you said it. Overreactions in such cases, but because of befefoe the cououp, the behavior was moe. R less the s same im not so sure if the argument is really y the same one. In the country something happens like in france, terrorism, there is a time of emergency, but in rants, there is not one newspaper that was closed. There are no journalists in prison, and even if they are, they will have their civil rights. Thats why i think we have to look at turkey, and we have a lot of reasons, arguments to talk about not being superior in our arguments, but at the end of the day, hundreds of thousandnds of people are in prisoson. We dont know how long and since when, and is one thing peter you juju mentioneded. A lot of judgeges are now in prison. That meaeans no court cases. No judges. I would like to pick up on that point because weveve been hearing isis not just ththe meda and press that have been affected by the crackdown. Lets have a look at another case here. Last week in the southeastern broke up a protest by teachers. Some of the 11,000 throughout the region who were suspended from their jobs last thursday. Authorities said the teachers had either supported the kurdish pkk rebel group or the movement behind the july coup attempt. Theres no difference between the movement, the pkk, and the Islamic State group. Teachers say they are not criminals. Government t does not want secular scientific andnd demomocratic education. This man was suspended for allegedly supporting the good land movement. It is erdogan trying to limit freedom of speech and movement in turkey . What exactly does the turkish government had to hear from academics and teachers . Because they are educators of the next generation. Most of the people forget that half of the people in turkey have not voted for erdogan. These teachers, these academics are responsible for the next generation, and he was very clear that he does not want critical minds. He only wants a religious generation. Its not only media freedom, not only academic. He wants power and with that power wants to change the direction of a country in a religious way. You cannot stand different voices, different critics, so he is acting very cleverly. These people who are teachers of the next generation, are they of the movement . This is what is insinuated or suggested by the authorities yet more than 10,000 teachers were arrested because they were of thed to be supporters pkk, the kurdish movement, but the problem is we do not know the truth yet. The courts are not working effectively, and there is no one who can tell us what is right and what is wrong. Coup has been how many muncie aqua and still, it is so foggy and everyone says something, and we cannot know who is a supporter pkk. Len, supporter this state of emergency contributes to the confusion detain peoplen for nine days without allowing him or her to see his or her lawyer. I think you made an interesting point. Listening that gulen is a representative of the radical lists. S. My undererstanding is radical ia s policy. Erdogan if you look at how many are suddenly backed by religious arguments, you see that certain symbols arare getting political and religious importance. We have to take care that this is also one of the points we have to tatake care. I dont say that this is a basic motive of him to do what he is doing, but if you are looking at what is going on on the s strees and around the country, you know that you have to take care that religion is not misused for political issues. Really wanted an islamic dictatorship in turkey, he would not have broken with the gulen movement. We heard him saying that gulen is just as bad as i. S. Considering he worked with gulen until four or five years ago, where does that put him . If there is a plan to transform them, susurely he would not have broken with gulen, who helped generals, the the state. I think he is now much more in the pocket of the generals than he was before. This is part of the strange consideration where we do not know who is controlling who. Youre not going to suggest it is correct to dismiss thousands of teachers, but i will say that your first answer was right we really do not know what is happening, and i dont see a plan. I see terrible confusion. Directionre religious , i said. That is totally different. Islamic country has very confusing connotations because there exists the terrorist think hetate, and i does not tell us he does not want similar things. I think they are very alike. Know,w, today, for instance, why did they f fall apart wh. That is a big open q question yes, and it is very simple, and we dont know. To bea democratic country humanized, respected, etc. , both groups are not very respectful. Only a few weeks ago, no coup in turkey, and the authorities did not handle situations like demonstrations, opposition, on the way how a Democratic State would have to do, and we do not have to forget that because it is a point which did not stop. It continued. It had perhaps a pretext to make more about that, but erdogans governments were not on the we are asking to respect our positions, to respect p people who are not accepting that you are the president. Chance toive a respond. We are running out of time. You are right, of course. Armany had a war on its war on its borders like they have with syria, millions of refugees as we have in turkey, if they had a civil war, it was the pkk who started the war, not erdogan, and if we had deep state generals conspiring, that i dont know if we would be so sitting here in berlin are saying we can live with this because there are thousands in prison who are in trouble. I would like to bring things slowly to a close and ask the following question we have seen what has happened in turkey in the last couple of months. There has been a coup initially and then a crackdown. How should the west respond t to this . How should germany respond . Should germany or we respond by waving our fingers, taking the moral high ground and saying we do not accept these sanctions and so on, or should we keep channels of communication open . Key channels of communication open, no sanctions, engage with turkey and tries to drag thehem back into europe. I remember this refugee deal erdogan and how it contributed to his power, so i it to contribute to a more democratic turkey. We are communicating with countries like russia and china. Why not with turkey . Communication is every time better than not at all. One of the ways we can communicate the impression is often that mr. Erdogan is not listening to the west any longer. It can be, it could be, it will be, but thats not the reason we are not saying what we believe. Were going to leave now and im going to say thank youou toy joining me today. Plenty of food for thought on the debate about press freedom in turkey after the coup. If you want to share the discussion with us, do join us on social media on the internet. Until next week, byebye. Cheers. d hello and a very warm welcome to focus on europe. In a week, when politicians are back from their holidays and now have to get down to work, they are going to have to figure out how europe is going to manage britains exit from the European Union. Im damien mcguinness. Thanks very much for joining us. And today, were going to look how people in britain are dealing with their decision to leave the e. U. In the recent referendum. Some might be getting cold feet. After the referendum, the pound fell in value, making trips abroad more expensive. Thats m meant a boom for tourut resorts in the uk, but many brits would still much rather be in thehe eu. But more of that later. First to that other big crisis facing europe, the migrant crisis. Its exactly a year since german chancellor Angela Merkel said germany would take in refugees fleeing the middle east, most of whom were making their way across the balkans to the eu. Its a decision which has split germany in two, between those who say the country cant cope and those who are proud of merkels humanitarian prorefugee stance. And its turned into a Major Political problem for the chancellor, but its an even bigger problem for those refugees who are stuck behind the closed borders in the balkans, mainly women and children. As two german students found out when they decided to cycle across europe, following the route refugees took before the borders were closed. Were on a 2000kilometer bicycle tour across europe along the migration route through the balkans. Timo and i are visiting refugee camps, and at the end of our journey, well have a documentary on it. We get the feeling that often the news media go into the camps, get the bare facts and never really talk to the people. We wanted to find out who these people are. Emotionally, its definitely heavy. Its very demanding. Timo schmidt and florian volz study Political Science in the hague. They set out to learn how refugees actually experience the balkan route. The refugee camp in gevgelija, macedonia, on the greek border. The First Impression is good, but deceptive. Here is like a prison. And everyone have school, have university, have a future for them. And were comining to europope y not to be in a prison actually. It was the sense of hopelessness among the young people that mos affected florian and timo. We just feel helpless. Thats what infuriates and frustrates me. Were not able to