It can cause high Carbon Dioxide levels because it depresses the ventilation or the breathing so when someone ingests fentanyl it can cause them to feel sleepy because of an increased Carbon Dioxide level, agreed . Correct. And thats one of the reasons why fentanyl is so dangerous because it suppresses the respiratory system, agreed . The primary reason it is so dangerous. Yeah. Now you testified that when the paramedics gave their report to you they did not give you any reference as to potential drug use, correct . Correct. They did not tell you that they had the anneda immediate ministered narcan, narcan reverses the effects of nent fill toxicity agreed . That causes that person to have a sensation of shortness of breath, agreed . Yes. And that can happen to a person even without stress complicating their body, right . That respiratory, that feeling of an inability to breathe . Yes. Are you familiar with the impact of taking certain narcotics intrarectally . Rectally . Yes. That ultimately can provide a more powerful or rapid onset of an impact, right . Yes. Simply because a person has a chronic history of opiate abuse does that mean fentanyl cant kill them . No. When someone is hyperventilating, anxious and hyperventilating they are actually decreasing their co2 by doing that, correct . Correct. Some of what you would potentially take can cause artery. Yes. Someone that would have a 75 o collusion of a coronary artery that poses a particular risk of fatal ventricular cardiac arrhythmia, correct . Objection, your honor. May we approach . Good day. Im Andrea Mitchell in washington as the prosecution continues to present witnesses in the Derek Chauvin trial. Todays focus so far, the doctor who was on duty when george floyd was brought to the e. R. , dr. Bradford langenveld tried to resuscitate george floyd after paramedics administered cpr after cardiac arrest, after his heart stopped functioning. They tried to use shock to restart his heart and it did not appear that mr. Floyd suffered from a heart attack. He is being cross examined by a defense attorney. Shaq brewster in minneapolis and former Deputy Assistant attorney general, Harry Littman and civil rights attorney derek henderson. Shaq, this may be a brief side bar, and lets get into the importance of dr. Langenfields testimony so far. We heard right before the morning break, andrea, the doctor said that he suspected the cause of death after working on george floyd for nearly 30 minutes and he suspected the cause of death to be asphyxia. Thats a term that you dont see in the medical examiners report and this is the physician in the hospital trying to resuscitate george floyd. That was a key piece of testimony from the doctor. Based on the notes we are getting from inside the courtroom, two reporters watching this, that was the moment when you saw the jury, almost every member of the jury start taking notes when the doctor made that assessment and testified to that effect. We also heard in this crossexamination eric nelson make the it looks like court is back in session so ill stop now. The judge is now looking at the clock and about to refer back to the witness the witness is dr. Langenfeld and the defense attorney crossing is eric nelson. Depends where youre practicing. In the state of minnesota . Yes. A paramedic cant declare a person dead. No. Not without consultation with a physician. So just based on your treatment, again, of mr. Floyd. Mr. Floyd, based on the tests that you did had an elevated co2 level, correct . Yes. That co2 level was considered to be exceptionally high, correct . Correct. And you did not, in the course of your consideration provide naloxone or narcan . No. And it would be is it fair to say that the administration of narcan, if you do not have opiates in your system is a safe procedure . Yes. And if you do have opiates in your system the administration of narcan could be life changing . Life saving. Yes. Not in this case. Prior to the again, the paramedic, also based on your information did not administer narcan. Correct. Can i make a clarification . There [ inaudible ] and you would agree that mr. Floyd arrived at hcmc at approximately 8 53 as we have seen evidence previously . That sounds correct. I have no further questions. Mr. Blackwell . Thank you, your honor. For starters, dr. Lagenfeld, was there an answer you wanted to clarify. Please do so. Only to state that narcan, administering narcan to someone who potentially suffered a fentanyl overdose, once that individual is in cardiac arrest the administration of narcan would provide no benefit. At this point he was obviously in cardiac arrest. Correct. You were asked questions just now about whether fentanyl works by causing someone to feel very sleepy. Do you remember that discussion . Yes. Did the paramedics tell you that mr. Floyd was ever asleep or sleepy or anything that sounds like sleep . The report that i received that was that the patient, mr. Floyd, was unresponsive on their arrival and did not have a pulse, and so there was no report that he had been sleepy or difficult to arouse, per se. You were asked quite a number of questions about the Carbon Dioxide content in the blood gasses. First off, if a person is suffering from hypoxia which is oxygen deficiency is that an explanation for a heightened blood content in the blood . It can be in severe cases. Do you find that the Carbon Dioxide reading in mr. Floyd is really all that significant . I felt that it was weak evidence in support of what i was thinking at the time. Whats difficult in cases of cardiac arrest is when someone has been in cardiac arrest for an extended period of time essentially the blood gas that i obtained could be consistent with cardiac arrest from any number of causes. You expect the ph to be low during ill provide a little bit of explanation on that. During cardiac arrest theres no blood flow to the tissues. Therefore, theres no oxygen getting to the tissues and therefore the cells will die and release Hydrogen Ions which lower the ph creating an acidic environment that release lactate which complicates that further because the persons heart has stopped from whatever cause, theyll no longer be breathing either and so you would expect that their their co2 to be high, and it can vary a bit depending on the cause, but in my estimation the blood gas in this case wasnt very strong evidence for one cause over another as far as the ideology of the rest. And it was simply consistent with the fact of cardiac arrest. Correct. The fact that the heart has stopped. Correct. I felt that the high co2 may have suggested a respiratory cause. You were asked questions about somebody administering narcotics intrarectally. Do you remember those questions . Yes. Did you get a sense that mr. Floyd had narcotics interrectally . I have no information to suggest that. Dr. Lagenfeld, nothing further. Thank you, doctor. You may step down. You may step down. Your honor, the state calls chief aderia arredondo. Ia arredo and this, of course, is the police chief arredondo. This is very unusual to be a prosecution witness. He has been outspoken in interviews with us before, and he did not even want to be in a room with Derek Chauvin. Lets listen to him being sworn in. I do, sir. Before you begin if you can give us your full name speeching each of your names. Yes, sir. Medaria arradondo. First is medaria. Last name is arradondo. Thank you, your honor. Sir, what is your current role . My current role is chief of the Minneapolis Police department. How long have you held that position . For approximately three years. And as chief of the Minneapolis Police department are you responsible for overseeing the operations of the entire Minneapolis Police department . Yes, i am. And thats the highest ranking role of the Minneapolis Police department, is that correct . That is correct. Now, sir, id like you to first share a little bit about yourself with us. How old are you . 54 years old. In what city do you live . Twin cities. Where are you from originally . Minneapolis. Where did you go to high school . Minneapolis roosevelt high school. All right. Have you ever lived outside of the twin cities minneapolis area . I went away for college for a couple of years in michigan, yes. Where in michigan did you go . It was hancock, michigan. Which school . Its now called filandia for the. Im sorry, your honor. Finlandia university. And what is the highest level of education you obtained . I received my masters degree. What degree did you receive in hancock in michigan . That degree was a criminal justice degree. After you completed your College Studies you returned to the twin cities area . That is correct. And is that when you first joined the Minneapolis Police department . Prior to that i had worked as a Community Service officer at the minneapolis st. Paul airport Police Department. And what years did you do that . I believe that was from 1987 to 1989. And then in 1989 did you join the Minneapolis Police department . I did. In what capacity . I started my career as a Minneapolis Police cadet and then i was hired as a Minneapolis Police officer that year. And chief, why did you decide to become a Police Officer . Um, ive been very fortunate to come from a city of very resilient, very welcoming, very proud proud people here in the city of minneapolis, and my dear parents taught all of my siblings and me about the service of love and so ive been very fortunate to eventually join the Minneapolis Police department and give back to the community and the city that has been so good to me. Are you familiar with the motto of the Minneapolis Police department . Yes, i am. What is it . That is to protection with courage and serve with compassion. What does that motto mean . We are oftentimes the first face of government that our communities will see, and we will oftentimes meet them at their worst moments and so the badge that i wear and that members of the Minneapolis Police department where it means a lot because the first time that we interact with our Community Members may be the only time that they have an interaction and so that has to count for something and so so its very important for us to make sure that were meeting our community in that space, treating them with dignity, being their guardians and representing in all of it the men and women that came before us who serve so proudly on this department. Sometimes you have to protect with courage and you have to use force, is that correct . At times, yes. As a Police Officer, you will have to use force. And that sometimes serving with compassion is understanding that force is not required. Rephrase. What does it mean to then serve with compassion . To serve with compassion to me means to understand and authentically accept that we see our neighbor as ourselves. We value one another. We see our community as necessary for our existence and so thats what serving with compassion means to me. Can you tell us a little bit about your educational background . Id like you to share with all of us a little bit more about your specific Law Enforcement training. You mentioned the academy. Is that where you received your Law Enforcementspecific training . Yes, it is. Please describe how that training occurred. I was a member of the first Minneapolis PoliceCadet Program, along with many other candidate, we received training both academic training on the laws of the state of minnesota. We received training as it relates to everything from driving and defensive tactics and Community Relations and so we also there is post requirements to receive our license. There was a taste that we had to take then. There was also scenariobased training, as well to grade and assess how we performed during that training in the academy and so that was a part of that important training that i received. Along with my candidates at the academy . That was the very first Minneapolis Police academy . That is correct. And a trainee at the academy, is that trainee referred to as a cadet . That is correct. In your employment you have been continuously employed in the Minneapolis PoliceDepartment Since that was 1989 . That is correct, sir. Has the academy changed since you first were a cadet back in 1989 . It has, and while i certainly believe that at the time in 1989 that training was important, like any Police Department we should not be monolithic and our training should evolve. We should be focused on what our National Best practice is and so the training that our recruits and cadets get today and rightfully so is far better than the training than i received those years ago. Well circle back to that a little bit later. You also mentioned that you take postcredits, is that right . Yes. That is correct. Post stands for peace officers standard of training . That is correct. What is the requirement for p. O. S. T. Training . How many courses are you required to take in a given period . Every sworn peace officer in the state of minnesota receives their license through the p. O. S. T. Or peace officers standards and training board. So p. O. S. T. Will change up what some of those requirements are from time to time, but some of the ones that i think of right now would be crisis intervention training. There are certainly defensive Tactics Training and theres now a form of procedural Justice Training that is required and so Minneapolis Police officers receive that mandated training, but were also very fortunate that were able to receive additional training above and beyond what is required of the p. O. S. T. Board. You personally participate in this training in order to maintain your p. O. S. T. License . That is correct. Chief, you began your career in 1989. You are now the chief of the Police Department. Fair to say youve had many roles within that department, is that correct . That is correct. At this time i would like to publish exhibit 209, if i may. And well leave that up, if you may, while you testify. What was the first position you held within the department after you completed your Academy Training . I was sworn in as a Minneapolis Police officer. Weve heard that term sworn officer before, can you explain to the jury means . A sworn officer, after you complete the required educational requirements and certainly when you complete your Performance Measures at the academy then you are eventually sworn in at a location and traditionally our city clerk has been there and you take an oath and you are sworn in as an official member of the Minneapolis Police department and also as a city of minneapolis employee and you start your employment with the city then. And what were your duties as a sworn Police Officer that ran for the city of minneapolis. Primary duties would be to be a 911 responder and to work in the geographical area in the district, in the precinct and respond to 911 calls on a given shift. Those are also calls for service . That is correct. And as a Patrol Officer tattoo on how long did you remain a Patrol Officer . Approximately five years or so. Can you tell the jury what geographic district you served as a Police Officer . Yes, sir. I served for a short time in the third precinct and then i think the bulk of that time in the minneapolis fourth precinct which is located in north minneapolis. During that time period, that five years as a Patrol Officer did you ever have occasion to arrest a suspect . Yes, i did. How about a noncompliant suspect . Yes. Youve had to place handcuffs on someone who is not compliant . That is correct. Yes. Approximately, would you care to guess how many times . Im sure several. Im sure several. This is something thats fairly regularly a fairly regular occurrence as a Police Officer, as a Patrol Officer, is that right . That is correct. Youve had to be in situations where youve had to use force, is that right . That is correct. Have you also been in situations where youve had to deescalate or talk someone into compliance . Yes. And is that a regular part of your job as a Patrol Officer . Yes, it is. Even from 1989 to approximately or, im sorry. 1994 . Yes. After serving in this period of time as a Patrol Officer who was your next position at mpd . I believe in 1997 i was then promoted to the rank of sergeant in the Minneapolis Police department. And what do you have to do to be promoted to the rank of sergeant . What are the requirements . It is a Civil Service test that you take and you have to successfully pass that and receive a grade from that and im trying to recall if there was an Assessment Center that was a part of that testing process, but there is a numbe