International relations, as a field, has been deeply engaged in understanding the nature, causes, and resolutions of conflict. One foundational theory is Realism, which views international relations as a struggle for power among self-interested states. Thinkers like Thucydides, Machiavelli, and more recently, Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Waltz, have been prominent in shaping this perspective. Contrasting this, Liberalism, with proponents such as Immanuel Kant and Woodrow Wilson, emphasises