This study sought to systematically review the full body of research on test anxiety in primary (elementary) school children aged 5–12 years. A comprehensive electronic and manual literature search identified 76 studies (85 independent samples; N = 53,617 children) that satisfied inclusion criteria. Inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis showed that test anxiety related negatively to academic achievement in Mathematics (r = 0.21) and Literacy (r = −0.20), academic self-concept (r = −0.41), and self-efficacy (r = −0.39), and related positively to general anxiety (r = 0.6...